Ant colony optimization based energy efficiency for improving opportunistic routing in multimedia wireless mesh network

Opportunistic Routing (OR) is developing as a favourable prototype to diminish performance deprivation in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) owing to changing channel conditions and link breakages. When a flow of data is forwarded towards their destination, intermediate forwarders can attune the information of the route carried by the nodes. However, OR does not solve these problems such as routing efficiency and Energy Consumption. If the necessary energy is not presented, the packet is rejected and the delay occurs in the network. To overcome these problems, an Ant Colony Optimization based Energy Efficiency for improving opportunistic routing in Multimedia WMN (ACO-EE) is proposed. In this scheme, we develop the optimal energy strategy based on optimal transmission distance and remaining energy computation is saving node energy and enhancing the network lifetime. The ant colony optimization based route formation is to improve both the energy efficiency and opportunistic routing efficiency in WMN.Simulation results show that ACE-EE can effectively reduce the energy utilization of nodes and extend the network lifetime

Perinuclear anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis with nonspecific muscle pain

This is a case report describing p-ANCA vasculitis presenting with nonspecific muscle pain. It is a very uncommon finding seen in p-ANCA vasculitis patients which they usually present with palpable purpura alone. In this case, along with nonspecific muscle pain, renal involvement of the disease has been explained and there are no upper and lower respiratory tract complaints which favours more towards microscopic polyangitis

Deciphering the Role of Ion Channels in Early Defense Signaling against Herbivorous Insects

Plants and insect herbivores are in a relentless battle to outwit each other. Plants have evolved various strategies to detect herbivores and mount an effective defense system against them. These defenses include physical and structural barriers such as spines, trichomes, cuticle, or chemical compounds, including secondary metabolites such as phenolics and terpenes. Plants perceive herbivory by both mechanical and chemical means. Mechanical sensing can occur through the perception of insect biting, piercing, or chewing, while chemical signaling occurs through the perception of various herbivore-derived compounds such as oral secretions (OS) or regurgitant, insect excreta (frass), or oviposition fluids. Interestingly, ion channels or transporters are the first responders for the perception of these mechanical and chemical cues. These transmembrane pore proteins can play an important role in plant defense through the induction of early signaling components such as plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) fluctuation, intracellular calcium (Ca2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, followed by defense gene expression, and, ultimately, plant defense responses. In recent years, studies on early plant defense signaling in response to herbivory have been gaining momentum with the application of genetically encoded GFP-based sensors for real-time monitoring of early signaling events and genetic tools to manipulate ion channels involved in plant-herbivore interactions. In this review, we provide an update on recent developments and advances on early signaling events in plant-herbivore interactions, with an emphasis on the role of ion channels in early plant defense signaling

Targeting Mycobacterial F-ATP Synthase C-Terminal α Subunit Interaction Motif on Rotary Subunit γ

Mycobacteria regulate their energy (ATP) levels to sustain their survival even in stringent living conditions. Recent studies have shown that mycobacteria not only slow down their respiratory rate but also block ATP hydrolysis of the F-ATP synthase (α3:β3:γ:δ:ε:a:b:b’:c9) to maintain ATP homeostasis in situations not amenable for growth. The mycobacteria-specific α C-terminus (α533-545) has unraveled to be the major regulative of latent ATP hydrolysis. Its deletion stimulates ATPase activity while reducing ATP synthesis. In one of the six rotational states of F-ATP synthase, α533-545 has been visualized to dock deep into subunit γ, thereby blocking rotation of γ within the engine. The functional role(s) of this C-terminus in the other rotational states are not clarified yet and are being still pursued in structural studies. Based on the interaction pattern of the docked α533-545 region with subunit γ, we attempted to study the druggability of the α533-545 motif. In this direction, our computational work has led to the development of an eight-featured α533-545 peptide pharmacophore, followed by database screening, molecular docking, and pose selection, resulting in eleven hit molecules. ATP synthesis inhibition assays using recombinant ATP synthase as well as mycobacterial inverted membrane vesicles show that one of the hits, AlMF1, inhibited the mycobacterial F-ATP synthase in a micromolar range. The successful targeting of the α533-545-γ interaction motif demonstrates the potential to develop inhibitors targeting the α site to interrupt rotary coupling with ATP synthesis

Biosorption properties of pretreated sporopollenin biomass for lead(II) and copper(II): Application of response surface methodology

WOS: 000338611100024The role of pretreated sporopollenin (PSp) biomass in M(II) (M = Pb, Cu) removal from aqueous solutions was investigated by batch biosorption technique. The chemical properties and morphology of the biosorbent were characterized by means of FT-IR and SEM-EDX techniques. Influence of various operating parameters like pH, contact time, biosorbent dose and initial concentration on biosorption process were optimized by using a quadratic model Box-Behnken design using response surface methodology. The results indicated that Pb(II) and Cu(II) sorption on PSp was strongly dependent on pH. The experimental equilibrium data was analyzed with three isotherm models and the sorption data was better fitted to Langmuir isotherm model, and the order of maximum biosorption capacity (q(max)) was Pb(II) (6.10 mg g(-1))> Cu(II) (4.84 mg g(-1)). FTIR and SEM-EDX was used to identify the biosorption mechanism and it was confirmed from SEM-EDX that metal ions were present in the PSp biomass after biosorption. These results are important for estimating and optimizing the removal of metal ions by PSp biomass. The results demonstrated that PSp was a economic and eco-friendly biosorbent possessed strong sorption characteristics for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions.Scientific Research Project Unit (BAP) of Aksaray University [2010/10]The authors gratefully thank to Scientific Research Project Unit (BAP) of Aksaray University (2010/10) for the financial support of this work. We gratefully thank to Dr. Belgin Gozmen for SEM and EDX analysis

Revisiting De Novo drug design : receptor based pharmacophore screening

De novo drug design methods such as receptor or protein based pharmacophore modeling present a unique opportunity to generate novel ligands by employing the potential binding sites even when no explicit ligand information is known for a particular target. Recent developments in molecular modeling programs have enhanced the ability of early programs such as LUDI or Pocket that not only identify the key interactions or hot spots at the suspected binding site, but also and convert these hot spots into three-dimensional search queries and virtual screening of the property filtered synthetic libraries. Together with molecular docking studies and consensus scoring schemes they would enrich the lead identification processes. In this review, we discuss the ligand and receptor based de novo drug design approaches with selected examples.Accepted versio

FKBP8 (FK506 binding protein 8, 38kDa)

Review on FKBP8 (FK506 binding protein 8, 38kDa), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated