An Abstract Machine for Unification Grammars

This work describes the design and implementation of an abstract machine, Amalia, for the linguistic formalism ALE, which is based on typed feature structures. This formalism is one of the most widely accepted in computational linguistics and has been used for designing grammars in various linguistic theories, most notably HPSG. Amalia is composed of data structures and a set of instructions, augmented by a compiler from the grammatical formalism to the abstract instructions, and a (portable) interpreter of the abstract instructions. The effect of each instruction is defined using a low-level language that can be executed on ordinary hardware. The advantages of the abstract machine approach are twofold. From a theoretical point of view, the abstract machine gives a well-defined operational semantics to the grammatical formalism. This ensures that grammars specified using our system are endowed with well defined meaning. It enables, for example, to formally verify the correctness of a compiler for HPSG, given an independent definition. From a practical point of view, Amalia is the first system that employs a direct compilation scheme for unification grammars that are based on typed feature structures. The use of amalia results in a much improved performance over existing systems. In order to test the machine on a realistic application, we have developed a small-scale, HPSG-based grammar for a fragment of the Hebrew language, using Amalia as the development platform. This is the first application of HPSG to a Semitic language.Comment: Doctoral Thesis, 96 pages, many postscript figures, uses pstricks, pst-node, psfig, fullname and a macros fil

Amalia -- A Unified Platform for Parsing and Generation

Contemporary linguistic theories (in particular, HPSG) are declarative in nature: they specify constraints on permissible structures, not how such structures are to be computed. Grammars designed under such theories are, therefore, suitable for both parsing and generation. However, practical implementations of such theories don't usually support bidirectional processing of grammars. We present a grammar development system that includes a compiler of grammars (for parsing and generation) to abstract machine instructions, and an interpreter for the abstract machine language. The generation compiler inverts input grammars (designed for parsing) to a form more suitable for generation. The compiled grammars are then executed by the interpreter using one control strategy, regardless of whether the grammar is the original or the inverted version. We thus obtain a unified, efficient platform for developing reversible grammars.Comment: 8 pages postscrip

Erwiderung zu "Stellungnahme der Klassik-Stiftung Weimar zu den Hypothesen Ettore Ghibellinos" : nebst dem Wortlaut der Stellungnahme

Anfang 2003 veröffentlichte Ettore Ghibellino erstmals die These einer geheimen Liebesbeziehung zwischen Herzogin Anna Amalia und Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Als Jurist, ausgebildet u.a. in Tübingen, Oxford und Rom, in Bayreuth im Bereich der Staatstheorie promovierend, führten Ghibellinos literarische Interessen ihn 2001 nach Weimar. Während er das Werk des von ihm wiederentdeckten römischen Dichters Giuseppe Maccari (1840-1867) übersetzte und herausgab, stieß er auf Widersprüche in Goethes Leben, die schließlich zu der These führten, dass eine Liaison zwischen Goethe und Charlotte von Stein wegen der damaligen Standesschranken vorgetäuscht worden sei, während Goethes Liebe in Wirklichkeit Charlottes Herrin, Anna Amalia, gegolten habe. Die Inszenierung habe ein Jahrzehnt gewährt, doch als sie aufzufliegen drohte, habe sich Goethe gezwungen gesehen, seiner Liebe zur Fürstin zu entsagen. Nach Ghibellino erzählen Anna Amalia und Goethe die Geschichte ihrer tragischen Liebe mittels der "stummen Sprache" der Kunst, namentlich in Gemälden, Skulpturen, Parkanlagen, Gebäuden, Partituren und vor allem in Goethes Liebesdichtung, die ab seiner Ankunft in Weimar Anna Amalia gegolten habe

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN BISNIS “AMALIA BUTIK” PT. WARNA WARNI AMALIA SEBAGAI FASHION MUSLIMAH DI JAKARTA SELATAN

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS "AMALIA BOUTIQUE" PT. WARNA WARNI AMALIA AS MUSLIMAH FASHION IN SOUTH JAKARTA DIAN AMALIA HANDAYANI ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the feasibility of Muslimah fashion business aspects, environmental aspects, market aspects and marketing, technical and technological aspects, and aspects of human resource management, and financial aspects. Object of this study is "Amalia Boutique", is engaged in the business of fashion Muslimah. The design of this research is a descriptive study using qualitative techniques. Primary data collection techniques in this study is the observation to determine the location of Muslim fashion boutiques and stores in South Jakarta and the observation of the use of hijab in PT. XYZ and questionnaires addressed to the woman to his interest in fashion. As for the secondary data obtained by researchers obtained from several sources such as the BPS, books, reports, journals, and the internet. The results of the analysis of the feasibility study "Amalia Boutique" is feasible when viewed from the sixth aspect. "Amalia Boutique" will be established at ITC Kuningan Mall, with the selling price shawl @ IDR25.000,- and clothes @IDR265.000,- the number of workers a total of 11 people (6 tailors and 5 staff). The financial aspects of the investment value obtained Payback Period (PP) 3.3 years, the Net Present Value (NPV) Rp445.380, -, Pofitability Index (PI) 2, 5, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 46%, Accounting Rate of return (ARR) 134.80%. Keywords: feasibility study, Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Pofitability Index (PI), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR)

Amalia van Solms and the Formation of the Stadhouder's Art Collection, 1625-1675

This dissertation examines the role of Amalia van Solms (1602-1675), wife of Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange and Stadhouder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (1584-1647), in the formation of the couple's art collection. Amalia and Frederik Hendrik's collection of fine and decorative arts was modeled after foreign, royal courts and they cultivated it to rival those of other great European treasure houses. While some scholars have recognized isolated instances of Amalia's involvement with artistic projects at the Stadhouder's court, this dissertation presents a more comprehensive account of these activities by highlighing specific examples of Amalia's patronage and collecting practices. Through an examination of gifts of art, portraits of Amalia and her porcelain collection, this study considers the ways in which Amalia contributed to the formation of the Stadhouder's art collection. This dissertation seeks to provide a greater knowledge not only of Amalia's activities as a patron and collector, but also a more throrough understanding of the genesis and function of the collection as a whole, which reflected the power and glory of the House of Orange during the Dutch Golden Age

Territorios organizados urbanos : sus formas y contenidos en América Latina

Fil: Geraiges de Lemos, Amalia Inés

National Traitors In Chicano Culture and Literature: Malinche and Chicano Homosexuals

This article examines the literary representation of a treatment of homosexuality in Mexican/Chicano culture. In this study, Alvarez argues that this cultural treatment is rooted in the gender paradigm central to Mexican/Chicano culture: the narrative of La Malinche

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN BISNIS “AMALIA BUTIK” PT. WARNA WARNI AMALIA SEBAGAI FASHION MUSLIMAH DI JAKARTA SELATAN

ABSTRACT Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan bisnis fashion muslimah “Amalia Butik” dengan menganalisis dari beberapa aspek diantaranya aspek hukum, aspek lingkungan, aspek pasar & pemasaran, aspek teknis & teknologi, aspek manajemen dan sumber daya manusia, dan aspek keuangan. Objek penelitian ini adalah “Amalia Butik”, merupakan bisnis yang bergerak dibidang fashion muslimah. Desain pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi untuk mengetahui lokasi butik dan toko fashion muslimah di Jakarta Selatan dan observasi penggunaan hijab di PT. XYZ dan penyebaran kuesioner ditujukan kepada para wanita terhadap ketertarikannya pada fashion. Sedangkan untuk Data sekunder yang diperoleh peneliti didapat dari beberapa sumber seperti Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS), buku, laporan, jurnal, dan internet. Hasil dari analisis studi kelayakan bisnis “Amalia Butik” adalah layak jika dilihat dari keenam aspek. “Amalia Butik” akan didirikan di Mall ITC Kuningan, dengan harga jual produk shawl @Rp25.000,- dan pakaian @Rp265.000,- dengan jumlah pekerja total 11 orang (6 orang penjahit dan 5 orang staff). Dari aspek keuangan didapatkan nilai investasi Payback Period (PP) 3,3 tahun, Net Present Value (NPV) Rp445.380,-, Pofitability Index (PI) 2, 5, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 46%, Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) 134,80%. Keywords: feasibility study, Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Pofitability Index (PI), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR)