31 research outputs found
The usefulness of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin to predict prognosis in septic shock patients: A multicenter prospective registry-based observational study
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and their combination for mortality in patients with septic shock. This multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted between November 2015 and December 2017. A total of 1,772 septic shock patients were included, and the overall 28-day mortality was 20.7%. Although both CRP and PCT were elevated in the non-survivor group, only CRP had statistical significance (11.9βmg/dL vs. 14.7βmg/dL, pβ=β0.003, 6.4βng/mL vs. 8.2βng/mL, pβ=β0.508). Multivariate analysis showed that CRP and PCT were not independent prognostic markers. In the subgroup analysis of the CRP and PCT combination matrix using their optimal cut-off values (CRP 14.0βmg/dL, PCT 17.0βng/dL), both CRP and PCT elevated showed significantly higher mortality (Odds ratio 1.552 [95% Confidence intervals 1.184-2.035]) than both CRP and PCT not elevated (pβ=β0.001) and only PCT elevated (pβ=β0.007). However, both CRP and PCT elevated was also not an independent predictor in multivariate analysis. Initial levels of CRP and PCT alone and their combinations in septic shock patients had a limitation to predict 28-day mortality. Future research is needed to determine new biomarkers for early prognostication in patients with septic shock.ope
A quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment-negative result at triage is associated with low compliance with sepsis bundles: a retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective registry
Objective: We investigated the effects of a quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA)-negative result (qSOFA score <2 points) at triage on the compliance with sepsis bundles among patients with sepsis who presented to the emergency department (ED).
Methods: Prospective sepsis registry data from 11 urban tertiary hospital EDs between October 2015 and April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who met the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock criteria were included. Primary exposure was defined as a qSOFA score β₯2 points at ED triage. The primary outcome was defined as 3-hour bundle compliance, including lactate measurement, blood culture, broad-spectrum antibiotics administration, and 30 mL/kg crystalloid administration. Multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict 3-hour bundle compliance was performed.
Results: Among the 2,250 patients enrolled in the registry, 2,087 fulfilled the sepsis criteria. Only 31.4% (656/2,087) of the sepsis patients had qSOFA scores β₯2 points at triage. Patients with qSOFA scores <2 points had lower lactate levels, lower SOFA scores, and a lower 28-day mortality rate. Rates of compliance with lactate measurement (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.75), antibiotics administration (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.78), and 30 mL/kg crystalloid administration (aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.77) within 3 hours from triage were significantly lower in patients with qSOFA scores <2 points. However, the rate of compliance with blood culture within 3 hours from triage (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33-2.08) was higher in patients with qSOFA scores <2 points.
Conclusion: A qSOFA-negative result at ED triage is associated with low compliance with lactate measurement, broad-spectrum antibiotics administration, and 30 mL/kg crystalloid administration within 3 hours in sepsis patients.ope
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ μ¬λ²λν κ΅μ΄κ΅μ‘κ³Ό, 2017. 8. κΉμ’
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μ€νΈμ μ½κΈ°λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ€νλ‘λΆν° μ νμ νμ§λ₯Ό λ°κ²¬νκ³ , λμ§Έ, νꡬ νμ΅μ ν΅ν΄ μ νμ μ€μ¬μ μ€ν μ΄ν΄λ₯Ό μννλ€. μ
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β‘ μ°κ΅¬λμ μ νμμ κ΄λ ¨ μ€ν 49
γ μΈκ³μ°½μ‘° μ νμμ 58
γ‘ μΈλ₯νμ μ νμμ 62
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β μνμ μλ―Έμ μ°κ΄μ± κ²ν 79
①맀κ°νμ μ νμ νμ§λ‘μ μ ν κ²ν 80
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β’ μνμ μλ―Έμ λ³μ΄ μΈ‘λ©΄ 90
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①맀κ°ν κ±°μΈμ μ μ°½μ‘°μ¬μ μ± λΆκ° 119
β’ μ§ν μ§μμ μμμΌλ‘μ μ μ΄ν΄ 125
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β μ μΉμ νΌλ/μ μΉμ μ§μμ λ립 κ΅¬μ‘°λ‘ λ³μ΄ 129
①맀κ°νμ 'μ'μΌλ‘μ λμ 131
β’ μνμ μλ―Έλ‘μ 'μ§μ'μ κ·λͺ¨ μΆμ 132
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136
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β μμμ μνμ μλ―Έ νμ 144
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Abstract 285Docto
λ°©κΈλΌλ°μ μ€λ±νκ΅ λ§₯λ½μμμ ICT νμ©μ μν κ΅μμ€κ³μ리 κ°λ°μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : μ¬λ²λν νλκ³Όμ κΈλ‘λ²κ΅μ‘νλ ₯μ 곡, 2021.8. μ μΉμ.Since early 2000, there have been an increasing amount of ODA projects and academic discussions regarding βInformation and Communications Technology (ICT) in educationβ particularly in developing countries. Indeed, integration of ICT into education has been one of the significant issues in the field of educational development and cooperation. This is a crucial discourse to understand as many developing countries have been trying to reform their educational systems using ICT. In the case of Bangladesh, the integration of ICT into education related to an important policy agenda to achieve a βDigital Bangladesh,β in order to improve their education system with the use of ICT. However, a lack of teachersβ pedagogical use of ICT in the classroom has been raised as one of the challenges that impede the successful integration of ICT in education in Bangladesh. Although the current government of Bangladesh has committed to providing teachersβ professional development for using digital content, teachersβ use of technology in the classroom remains basic, with PPT presentations and teacher-led learning without instructional strategies.
Under these circumstances, this research aims to develop an instructional design principle for using ICT in the context of secondary schools in Bangladesh. By employing the βdevelopment researchβ method from the field of educational technology, this research developed a first version of instructional design principles based on conducting a literature review and field research in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The first version of instructional design principles was verified three times via internal validation tests by expert reviews. Then the instructional design principles were consistently elaborated on by modifying them based on the feedback from the experts. The revised version from the internal validation results was again re-verified to determine if it could work in the research context of secondary school in Bangladesh through conducting a usability test with the help of Bangladesh secondary school teachers. Through an individual in-depth interview with secondary school teachers in Bangladesh via ZOOM, teachers commented on the applicability and usability of the principles in a real classroom environment in Bangladesh.
As a result of the usability test, strengths, weaknesses, and improvement of each principle and specific guideline were confirmed, and teachers made several suggestions for improving the final version of the principles. While most of the principles and specific guidelines were applicable in the actual classroom in Bangladesh, some principles such as βorganizing an appropriate environment for multimedia class,β βprovision of guideline to the learner before starting the class with digital content,β and βfacilitating participatory approach with digital contentβ were noted as difficult to apply in the context of Bangladesh and needed more improvement. Based on the usability test result, the final instructional design principles were made up of five components, ten principles, and 22 specific guidelines. The final principles constitute mainly two parts: (1) teacherβs preparation for using ICT in the classroom (principle 1 - 5) and (2) teacherβs use of ICT during the teaching and learning activities (principle 6 - 10). Also, two distinctive factors were noted to be critically considered for developing the instructional design principles in the context of developing countries: (1) the role of ICT expert teachers and (2) studentsβ participation in utilizing ICT for learning.
Lastly, based on the results of this research, some implications were raised for the discussion on developing and applying the instructional design principles in the context of developing countries from two aspects: βeducational technologyβ and βeducational development and cooperation.β First, from the perspective of educational technology, it was discussed how the instructional design principles of this research had been developed in order to enhance the ICT capacity for Bangladeshi teachers. Also, this research provided a practical implication for applying the instructional design principles in the context of developing countries; (1) the system of teachersβ professional development for ICT integration in education should be changed to a more flexible and collaborative teacher training programs by utilizing a teacher community led by expert teachers, and (2) the concept of βICT in educationβ should be further extended by encouraging studentsβ use of ICT for their learning. Second, in the discussion from the perspective of educational development and cooperation, it emphasized that teachersβ pedagogy should be more prioritized than the technology itself. Thus, it addressed a structural contradiction of the government policy for multimedia classroom establishment that has influenced to prioritize more teachersβ technology than pedagogy due to the lack of practical guidelines for βhow to use ICTβ in the classroom. Lastly, this research contends that providing practical instructional design principles for teachers' capacity development is highly necessary to successfully implement ICT in education developing countries.2000λ
λ μ΄λ°λΆν° ICTμ κ΅μ‘μ νμ©μ λν ν¨κ³Όμ± λ° μ€μμ±μ΄ μ£Όλͺ©μ λ°μΌλ©΄μ, κ°λ°λμκ΅μ λμμΌλ‘ ν λ€μν ICT νμ©κ΅μ‘ κ΄λ ¨ ODA μ¬μ
λ° μ°κ΅¬λ€μ΄ νλ°ν μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κ³ μλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ μ¬λ‘κ΅κ°μΈ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μ λν βDigital Bangladeshβ λΌλ μ μ±
μμ λ€λ₯Ό κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ ICTλ₯Ό κ΅μ‘μ μ κ·Ή λμ
μν€κ³ νμλ€μ μ κ·Ήμ μΈ μ°Έμ¬μ μμ§μ κ΅μ‘μ κ°μ‘°νκ³ μλ€. νμ§λ§, ICTμ κ΅μ‘μ νμ©μ λν λ€μν λ
Όμκ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κ³ μμμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ , κ΅μ¬κ° ICTλ₯Ό ν¨μ¨μ μΌλ‘ νμ©νκ³ μμ§ λͺ»νλ λ¬Έμ λ μ¬μ ν ν΄κ²°λμ§ μκ³ μλ€. νΉν μ§κΈκΉμ§ κ°λκ΅μμμ ICT νμ©κ΅μ‘μ λν λ
Όμλ ICTμ μν λ° κ·Έ μ€μμ± μ체μλ§ μ΄μ μ΄ λ§μΆ°μ Έ μμΌλ©°, μ€μ ICTλ₯Ό νμ©νκ² λ κ΅μ¬λ€μ μν μ€μ²μ μΈ κ΅μμ€κ³ λ° κ΅μλ²μ λν λ
Όμλ κ±°μ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§μ§ μμλ€. λ°©κΈλΌλ°μμ κ²½μ°μλ μ λΆλ κ΅μ¬μ λμ§νΈμ½ν
μΈ νμ©μ μν κ΅μ¬μ°μμ λ§μ λ
Έλ ₯μ κΈ°μΈμ΄κ³ μμ§λ§, λλΆλΆμ κ΅μ¬λ€μ PPTλ₯Ό νμ©νμ¬ λ΄μ©μ μ λ¬νλ κ΅μ¬ μ£Όλμ μΈ μμ
λ°©μμ μ¬μ©νκ³ μλ€.
μ΄λ¬ν λ°°κ²½νμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μμ μ€λ±κ΅μ‘μ λ§₯λ½μ λ°μνμ¬ ICT νμ©μμ
μ μν κ΅μμ€κ³μ리λ₯Ό κ°λ°νκ³ μ νμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ βκ°λ°μ°κ΅¬λ°©λ²βμ μ μ©νμμΌλ©°, μ°κ΅¬λ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ μ μ°¨λ‘ μνλμλ€. λ¨Όμ νμ§μ°κ΅¬μ λ¬Ένμ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ νμ¬ 1μ°¨ κ΅μμ€κ³μ리λ₯Ό κ°λ°νκ³ , μ΄κΈ°μ€κ³μ리μ νλΉμ±μ κ²μ¦νκΈ° μν΄ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μκ΅μ‘, κ΅μ κ°λ°νλ ₯ μ λ¬Έκ°, κ΅μ‘곡ν μ λ¬Έκ°λ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘ μ΄ 3μ°¨λ‘μ κ±Έμ³ μ λ¬Έκ°νλΉν κ²ν λ₯Ό μ€μνμλ€. μ΄ν μ λ¬Έκ°νλΉν κ²ν μ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°μνμ¬ μμ λ μ€κ³μ리μ λν μ¬μ©μ±νκ°λ₯Ό μ€μνμλ€. μ¬μ©μ±νκ°λ νμ¬ μ½λ‘λμ¬νλ‘ μΈνμ¬ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μ νκ΅μ λ°©λ¬Έν μ μλ μ μ κ°μνμ¬ μ€νμλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μ μ€λ±κ΅μ¬λ€μ λμμΌλ‘ μμ λ μ€κ³μ리μ μμΈμ§μΉ¨λ€μ΄ μ€μ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μ κ΅μ€μ μ μ©κ°λ₯νμ§μ λν΄ μ¬μΈ΅λ©΄λ΄μ μ€μνμλ€.
μ¬μ©μ±νκ° κ²°κ³Ό κ°λ°λ μ€κ³μ리μ κ°μ , μ½μ , κ°μ μ μ νμΈν μ μμλ€. λμ²΄λ‘ λλΆλΆμ μ€κ³μ리λ ICT νμ©κ΅μ‘μ μν΄ μ€μ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μ κ΅μ‘νμ₯μ νμ©κ°λ₯ν μ μ©ν μ리λ€μμ νμΈνμμΌλ, βλ©ν°λ―Έλμ΄ μμ
μ μν μ μ ν νκ²½ μ‘°μ±,ββλμ§νΈμ½ν
μΈ μμ
μ νμ΅μ κ°μ΄λλΌμΈ μ 곡,ββλμ§νΈ μ½ν
μΈ λ₯Ό νμ©ν νμλ€μ μ°Έμ¬μ μμ
μ΄μ§βμ μ리λ€μ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μμ λ§₯λ½μ λ°μνμ¬ μΆκ° κ°μ μ΄ νμνκ³ , μΌλΆ μμΈμ§μΉ¨λ€μ μ μ©νκΈ° μ΄λ ΅λ€λ μ μ νμΈνμλ€.
μ΄λ¬ν μ¬μ©μ±νκ°μμ λμΆλ κ΅μ¬λ€μ νΌλλ°±μ λ°μνμ¬ κ²°κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μ΄ 5κ°μ ꡬμ±μμ, 10κ°μ μ€κ³μ리, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ 22κ°μ μμΈμ§μΉ¨μ ν¬ν¨ν μ΅μ’
κ΅μμ€κ³μ리λ₯Ό κ°λ°νμλ€. μ΅μ’
μ€κ³μ리λ ν¬κ² βICTλ₯Ό νμ©ν μμ
μ κ³ννκΈ° μν κ΅μ¬μ μ€λΉβμ κ΄λ ¨ν μλ¦¬λ€ (μ€κ³μ리 1-5λ²)κ³Ό, βICTλ₯Ό νμ©ν κ΅μνμ΅νλβκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ν μλ¦¬λ€ (μ€κ³μ리 6-10)λ‘ κ΅¬μ±λμλ€. λν (1) ICT μ λκ΅μ¬λ€μ μν μ νμ©νλ κ²κ³Ό (2) νμλ€μ΄ ICTλ₯Ό νμ΅μ νμ©ν μ μλλ‘ κΈ°νλ₯Ό μ 곡νλ κ²μ΄ κ°λ°λμκ΅μ λ§₯λ½μμ κ΅μμ€κ³μ리λ₯Ό κ°λ°νλ κ³Όμ μμ κ³ λ €ν΄μΌ ν νΉμ§μ μΈ μμλ‘ λμΆλμλ€.
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ κ΅μ‘곡ν λ° κ΅μ‘κ°λ°νλ ₯μ λ κ°μ§ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ κ°λ°λμκ΅ λ§₯λ½μμμ κ΅μμ€κ³μ리λ₯Ό κ°λ°νκ³ μ μ©νλ κ²μ λν μλ―Έμ μ€μμ±μ λν΄ λ
Όμνμλ€. 첫째, κ΅μ‘곡ν μΈ‘λ©΄μ λ
Όμμμλ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μ κ΅μ¬λ€μ ICT νμ©μλ κ°νλ₯Ό λͺ©νλ‘ νλ κ΅μμ€κ³μ리λ₯Ό κ°λ°νκΈ° μν΄μλ ν΄λΉ κ΅κ°μ λ§₯λ½μ μ΄ν΄κ° κ°μ₯ μ€μνλ©°, κ΅μ€νκ²½ λ° κ΅μ¬μ°μ체μ λ±κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ν λ
νΉν νΉμ§λ€μ΄ μ€κ³μ리μ μ λλ¬λλλ‘ λ°μν μ μμ΄μΌ νλ€. λν λ°©κΈλΌλ°μμμ κ°λ°λ μ€κ³μ리λ₯Ό μ μ©νκΈ° μν΄μλ (1) ICT κ΅μ¬μ°μ μμ€ν
μ΄ μ λκ΅μ¬λ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ ν κ΅μ¬κ³΅λ체λ₯Ό νμ©ν μ μλ λμ± μ μ°νκ³ νλ ₯μ μΈ μ°μ 체μ κ° κ°λ₯νλλ‘ λ³νν΄μΌ νλ©°, (2) κ°λκ΅μμμ βICT in educationβ μ΄λΌλ κ°λ
μ΄ νμλ€μ ICTνμ©λ ν¬ν¨ν μ μλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ λμ± νμ₯λμ΄μΌ νλ€. λμ§Έ, κ΅μ‘κ°λ°νλ ₯ μΈ‘λ©΄μ λ
Όμμμλ ICT νμ©κ΅μ‘μ μμ΄ ν
ν¬λλ‘μ§ μ체 λ³΄λ€ κ΅μ¬μ νλ€κ³ μ§μ λμ± μ€μ μ λμ΄μΌ ν κ²μ κ°μ‘°νμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μ€λͺ
νκΈ° μνμ¬ νμ¬ λ°©κΈλΌλ°μμμ ICTνμ©κ΅μ‘μ νμν μ€μ§μ μΈ μ§μΉ¨μ λΆμ‘±μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ λ°μνλ λ©ν°λ―Έλμ΄ κ΅μ€ ꡬμΆμ μ±
κ³Ό μ€νμ ꡬ쑰μ κ°κ·Ήμ λΉννκ³ , κ°λκ΅μμ ICTλ₯Ό κ΅μ‘μ ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ νμ©νκΈ° μν΄μλ κ΅μ¬λ€μ μ€μ§μ μΈ μλκ°λ°μ μν μ€μ²μ μ΄κ³ μ μ©κ°λ₯ν κ΅μμ€κ³μλ¦¬κ° μ 곡λμ΄μΌ ν¨μ μ£Όμ₯νμλ€.CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Purpose and Questions 4
1.3 Significance of the Study 5
1.4 Terminology 8
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 Contextual Background: ICT in Education in Bangladesh 10
2.1.1 Policies and Initiatives for ICT Integration in Education in Bangladesh 12
2.1.2 Teacher Training for ICT in Education in Bangladesh 16
2.1.3 Challenges and Opportunity of ICT in Education in Bangladesh 21
2.2 Instructional Design Theory and Model 28
2.2.1 Instructional Design (ID) Theory 28
2.2.2 Instructional Design (ID) Model for Using ICT: The ASSURE Model 33
2.3 Application of Instructional Design Principles in Developing Countries 35
2.3.1 Changing Pedagogy with ICT in Education in Developing Countries 36
2.3.2 Instructional Design Principles in Developing Countries 40
2.4 Summary of the Literature Review 46
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY 49
3.1 Methodological Consideration 50
3.2 Development of the First Version of the Principles 52
3.2.1 Field Research at Dhaka 52
3.2.2 Review of the Previous Research 55
3.3 Internal Validation 56
3.3.1 Participants in the Internal Validation 57
3.3.2 Tools and Procedure for Internal Validation 59
3.4 Usability Test 62
3.4.1 Participants in the Usability Test 63
3.4.2 Tools and Procedure for Usability Test 65
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS 68
4.1 The First Version of Instructional Design Principle 68
4.1.1 Development of Initial Components through Fieldwork 68
4.1.2 Development of Initial Principles and Specific Guidelines through the Literature Review and Field Research 71
4.2 Results of the Internal Validation 72
4.2.1 Results of the First Internal Validation 73
4.2.2 Procedure to Develop the Revised Version of Principles 74
4.3 Result of the Usability Test 75
4.3.1 Strength of the Principles 76
4.3.2 Weakness of the principles 87
4.3.3 Suggestion by Teachers for Improving the Principles 92
4.3.4 Revision of the Final Principles 95
4.4. Final Instructional Design Principles and Specific Guidelines 97
4.4.1 Conditions and Characteristic of the Final Principles 98
4.4.2 Overview of the Final Principles and Specific Guidelines 100
4.5. Factors to be Considered for Developing Instructional Design Principles in Developing Countries 105
4.5.1 The Role of ICT Expert Teachers 105
4.5.2 Studentsβ Participation in Utilizing ICT for Learning 114
CHAPTER V. DISCUSSION 121
5.1 Instructional Design Principles for Using ICT in Developing Countries 121
5.1.1 Developing the Instructional Design Principles from the Perspective of Developing Countries 122
5.1.2 Implications for Applying the Instructional Design Principles in Developing Countries 125
5.2 Teachersβ Pedagogy before Technology 130
5.2.1 Structural Contradiction of ICT in Education: A Gap between Policy and Implementation 130
5.2.2 Provision of Practical Guidelines for Teachersβ Capacity Development 137
CHAPTER VI. CONCLUSION 140
6.1 Summary of the Research 140
6.2 Limitations and Suggestion for Further Studies 143
BIBLIOGRAPHY 145
APPENDIX 154
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘ 220λ°
The experience of remote videoconferencing to enhance emergency resident education using Google Hangouts
Objective: It is difficult for emergency residents to attend all the lectures that are required because of the limited labor time. The Google Hangouts program for has been used as a remote videoconference to overcome the limit to provide equal opportunities and reduce the time and costs since 2015. This article reports the authorsβ experiences of running a residency education program using Google Hangouts.
Methods: From 2015, topics on the emergency radiology were lectured to emergency residents in three different hospitals connected by Google Hangouts. From 2017, electrocardiography analysis, emergency radiology, ventilator application, and journal review were selected for the remote videoconference. The residents' self-assessment score, and a posteducation satisfaction questionnaire were surveyed.
Results: Twenty-nine emergency residents responded to the questionnaire after using the Google Hangouts. The number of participants before and after Hangout increased significantly in other two hospitals. All the residents answered that the score on achieving the learning goal increased before and after the videoconference lectures. All the residents answered that the training program is more satisfactory after using the Google Hangouts than before.
Conclusion: All emergency residents were satisfied and were more confident after the remote videoconference education using the Google Hangouts than before.ope
Lactate/albumin ratio for the prediction of the development of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in the emergency department
Objective: The early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis and the provision of prompt treatment may improve the outcomes. This study investigated the efficacy of the lactate/albumin ratio (LAR) in predicting severe AKI in cases of septic shock.
Method: This retrospective, observational cohort study was performed on patients integrated prospectively in a critical pathway of early-goal-directed therapy (EGDT)/SEPSIS. Adult patients with septic shock, who were admitted to the emergency department with a normal kidney function or stage 1 disease based on the Acute Kidney Injury Network classification between January 1, 2014 and September 30, 2017, were analyzed. The outcomes were the development of sepsis-induced severe AKI within 7 days.
Results: A total of 343 patients were enrolled. An increase in the LAR value at admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; P=0.001) was a strong independent predictor of the development of severe AKI. The increasing predictability of AKI was closely associated with a L/A ratioβ₯0.794 at admission (OR, 14.66; P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of the L/A ratio (0.821; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.774-0.861; P<0.01) was higher than that of lactate (0.795; 95% CI, 0.747-0.838; P<0.01) for predicting severe AKI (P=0.032).
Conclusion: L/A ratio was found to be an independent predictor of the development of severe AKI in septic shock. The prognostic performance of the L/A ratio for predicting AKI of critically ill sepsis patients was superior to that of lactate measurements.ope
Usefulness of serial measurement of the mean platelet volume to predict multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with severe trauma
Objective: The early prediction of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in trauma patients and provision of prompt treatment may improve their outcomes. We investigated the efficacy of the mean platelet volume (MPV) for predicting MODS in cases of severe trauma.
Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study was performed with patients prospectively integrated in a critical pathway of TRAUMA. We analyzed the severe trauma patients admitted to the emergency department (ED), based on the Advanced Trauma Life Support guideline, between January 1, 2011 and May 31, 2017. The outcomes were developed from MODS at least 48 hours after ED admission.
Results: A total of 348 patients were enrolled. An increase in the MPV at 12 hours (odds ratio [OR], 2.611; P8.6 fL (OR, 4.831; P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value of the MPV at 12 hours (0.751; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.687-0.818; P<0.01) was not inferior than that of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, injury severity score, lactate, and total CO2 for predicting MODS.
Conclusion: MPV was an independent predictor of MODS development in severe trauma patients. Emergency physicians can use the MPV as an ancillary biomarker for predicting MODS.ope
Usefulness of Serial Measurement of the Platelet Volume Indices to Predict 30-day Mortality in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Purpose: Among the survivors of a ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), higher platelet volume indices (mean platelet volume, MPV; platelet distribution width, PDW) are associated with impaired reperfusion and ventricular dysfunction. This study examined the relationship between the platelet volume indices and 30-day mortality with STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients presenting to the emergency department with STEMI
between January 2011 and May 2016. The platelet volume indices were measured serially, using an automatic hematology analyzer, from admission to 24 hours after admission. The prognostic value of MPV, PDW for the 30-day mortality was determined by Cox proportional hazards model analysis.
Results: A total of 608 STEMI patients, who underwent reperfusion, were enrolled in this study. According to the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, higher MPV (hazard ratio [HR], 1.414; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.024-1.953; p=0.035) and PDW (HR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.006-1.083; p=0.024) values at time-24 (24 hours after admission) were significant risk factors for the 30-day mortality. A MPV value >8.6 fL (HR, 5.953; 95% CI, 2.973-11.918; p56.1% (HR, 5.117; 95% CI, 2.640-9.918; p<0.001) at time-24 were associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality.
Conclusion: The platelet volume indices without an additional burden of cost or time, can be measured rapidly and simply. Higher MPV and PDW levels predict independently the 30-day mortality in patients with STEMI after PCI.ope
The usefulness of lactate as an early predictor of the severity of emergency department patients with postpartum hemorrhage
Objective: Only a few studies have examined the role of lactate reflecting on tissue hypoperfusion determining the severity of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) patients in the emergency department (ED). This study evaluated the utility of the arterial lactate level as a prognostic marker of severity in PPH patients admitted to an ED.
Method: This retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted on patients integrated prospectively in a critical pathway of SPEED (Severance Protocol to save postpartum bleeding through Expeditious care Delivery). Adult primary PPH patients admitted to the ED between July 1, 2010 and March 31, 2017 were analyzed. The outcomes were the development of severe PPH including death, hysterectomy, surgical treatment, and massive transfusion.
Results: A total of 112 patients were enrolled in this study. An increase in the arterial lactate value was a strong independent predictor of severe PPH. The increasing predictability of severe PPH was closely associated with an arterial lactate β₯3.15 mL/L at admission (odds ratio, 13.870; P<0.001).
Conclusion: Lactate is an independent predictor of severe PPH and is suitable for a rapid and simple estimation of the severity of PPH. Emergency physicians can use lactate to determine the initial treatment strategies more precisely.ope
Deliberative democracy and the internet public sphere
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