성인에서의 비수술적 미니스크류 보강형 급속 구개 확장에 따른 시상적, 수직적 변화

본 후향적 연구에서는 미니스크류 보강형 급속 구개 확장(MAPRE) 치료를 받은 성인에서 상악, 하악, 그리고 상악 전치부의 시상적, 수직적 변화를 알아보고, 이런 시상적, 수직적 두부 방사선 계측치 변화가 석고 모형 상에서 측정한 상악골 확장량, 상악 제1 대구치의 치축 경사도 변화, 그리고 수직적 골격적 패턴과 상관관계가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2004년 이후로 MARPE 술식이 포함된 교정 치료를 시작하여 2018년까지 치료가 종료된 129명의 환자 중에서 18세 이상이며, 비발치, 비수술, 그리고 적극적인 구치부 함입이 포함되지 않은 교정 치료를 받은 20명의 환자 (평균 나이, 20.57 ± 2.38 세)를 대상으로 하였다. 대상들의 치료 전 (T0), MARPE consolidation 후 (T1), 치료 종료 직후 (T2) 채득된 측모 두부 방사선 사진과 석고 모형을 이용해 계측을 시행하였다. 결과적으로, 악정형적 상악골 확장은 상악골의 전, 하방 이동을 유발하며, 그 과정에서 유의미한 상악골의 회전은 일어나지 않았다. 또한 이로 인해 시계 방향의 회전인 하악골의 후, 하방 이동이 야기되었지만, 뒤이은 교정 치료가 종료된 시점에서 하악골은 결국 반시계 방향으로 재위치되었다. 상악 전치는 MARPE를 통한 상악골 확장 후 후방 이동 및 후방 경사되었다. 그러나 상악골의 확장량과 그로 인해 발생되는 상악골, 하악골, 상악 전치의 시상적, 수직적 변화량 사이에 유의미한 상관관계는 없었다. 마찬가지로, 상악 제1 대구치 치축 경사도 변화와 환자의 수직적 골격적 패턴은 상악골, 하악골, 상악 전치의 이동 양상과 유의미한 상관관계가 없었다. 급속 구개 확장 후 상악골이 전하방으로 이동하였으나, 뒤이은 교정 치료 과정에서 하악골의 재위치가 일어나면서 전체 치료 종료 시점에서 유의미한 수직적 안면 고경 변화는 없었다. 뿐만 아니라 구조물들의 시상적, 수직적 이동 양상은 횡적 변화와 수직적 골격 패턴과 같은 다른 요소들과 유의미한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 임상가들이 상악골 횡적 부조화를 가진 환자의 치료에서 비수술적 급속 구개 확장 후의 상악골과 하악골의 이동 양상을 이해하는 데에 도움이 될 것이다. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sagittal and vertical changes in the maxilla, mandible, and maxillary incisors in adults who underwent miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) procedure, and investigate whether the amount of sagittal and vertical cephalometric change was correlated with the amount of maxillary expansion, maxillary first molar axial angulation change, and one’s vertical skeletal pattern. From a total of 129 patients who underwent MARPE procedure since 2004 and whose treatment ended until 2018, 20 patients (mean age, 20.57 ± 2.38 years) who were over 18 years old and underwent non-extraction, non-surgical, non-intrusive orthodontic treatment were selected for this restrospective cohort study. Lateral cephalometric records and dental casts of these subjects obtained before treatment (T0), after MARPE consolidation period (T1), immediately after debonding (T2) were used in measurements. As a result, orthopedic maxillary expansion induced forward and downward movement of the maxilla without rotational movement. Also, it resulted in downward and backward movement of the mandible which leads to clockwise rotation, but eventually the mandible was relocated counterclockwise at the end of the subsequent orthodontic treatment. The maxillary incisor showed a retrusion and retroclination after the MARPE procedure. However, there was no significant correlation between the amount of maxillary expansion and sagittal and vertical displacement of the maxilla, mandible, and maxillary incisors. Likewise, variation of the maxillary first molar inclination and vertical skeletal pattern of the patients had no significant correlation with the displacement patterns of the structures. In spite of downward and forward displacement of the maxilla after maxillary expansion, there was no significant vertical dimension change at the end of entire treatment as relocation of the mandible occurred in the process of comprehensive orthodontic treatment. However, displacement patterns of the structures did not show any correlation with other factors such as transverse changes and one’s vertical skeletal pattern. This study would be a help for clinicians to comprehend displacement patterns of the maxilla and mandible after the non-surgical rapid palatal expansion when treating patients who have maxillary transverse deficiency.open석

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity to RF radiation by a cellular phone

생체공학 협동과정/석사[한글]2006년 현재 국내 휴대폰 가입자 수는 4천만명을 넘어섰다. 보급률은 83.2%로 이러한 결과는 1인 1 이동전화 시대라 해도 과언이 아님을 시사한다. 이로 인해 휴대폰 전자파의 인체 영향에 관한 사회적 관심이 증가하고 있고, 휴대폰 전자파에 두통, 불면증, 단기간의 기억력 소실, 뇌파 변화 등의 정신적, 신경 생리학적증세를 호소하는 휴대폰 전자파 과민증(EHS, Electromagnetic hypersensitivity)환자들도 나타나고 있다. 스웨덴과 캘리포니아의 역학조사 결과에 따르면 전자파 과민반응을 호소하는 인구가 각각 1.5%, 3.2%에 이른다고 하였다. 이러한 전자파 과민반응을 보이는 사람들로 인하여 사회적 비용이 증가할 가능성이 있으며, 또한 이들의 삶의 질을 떨어뜨릴 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 증상들은 현재까지 의학적으로 진단이 불명확하며 또한 개인의 주관적인 판단에 의존하므로 휴대폰 전자파 과민반응의 원인이 막연한 불안감 때문인지 전자파 노출로 인한 신체적 증상인지에 대하여 현재까지 확실한 원인규명이 되지 않고 있다. 따라서 CDMA 휴대폰 노출에 대하여 과학적이고 객관적인 자원자 연구를 통하여 휴대폰 전자파 과민반응의 원인이 전자파인지 아니면 막연한 불안감 때문인지에 대한 논란을 해소할 필요성이 있다. 지금까지의 휴대폰 EHS 연구는 GSM 휴대폰을 사용하여 EHS 그룹만을 대상으로 한 연구들은 있으나 일반인과 EHS 그룹의 실험-대조군연구로 생체신호, 자각증상 및 전자파 인지여부에 대한 복합적인 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일반인 19명과 EHS임 주장하는 18명을 연구대상으로 자율신경계의 변화를 나타내는 피부저항, 맥박수, 호흡수,HRV와 주관적 자각증상, 전자파 인지를 측정 및 조사 하였다. 실험은 가상 및 실제 전자파 노출 두 부분으로 나누어 하루의 간격을 두고 진행되었으며 실험순서는 무작위로 하였다. 실험은 resting, 전자파 노출 15분 후, 전자파 노출 30분 후, 전자파 노출 종료 10분 후에 생체신호 측정 및 자각증상 조사가 이루어졌고 50분간의 가상 및 실제 노출 실험에서 5분 간격으로 9번의 전자파 인지여부 조사가 이루어졌다.연구결과 전자파 노출여부 및 노출 시간에 따라 맥박수 및 호흡수의 변화가 없었다. HRV의 경우 노출시간에 따라서 유의하게 증가하였으나 노출여부에 따라서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 자각증상 분석결과 전자파 노출여부에 따라 모든 자각증상에서 차이가 없었다. 전자파 인지 분석결과 EHS 군이 전자파 노출시 인지 정확도(48.6±35.0%)가 일반인 군(3.0±9.8%)보다 유의하게 높게 나왔으나 전자파 비노출 시 인지 정확도는 각각 69.8±29.6%, 95.4±10.4%로 일반인에서 더 높게 나왔다. 본 연구결과 전자파 과민반응 군과 일반인 군 모두 전자파 노출여부에 따라서 생리학적 변화 및 자각증상의 변화를 볼 수 없었고, EHS군이 일반인 그룹보다 전자파 노출 여부를 더 잘 구분한다고 볼 수 없었다. 따라서 전자파 과민반응의 원인이 전자파 노출이 아닌 심리적 요인 것으로 사료된다. [영문]Due to the fast increase in cellular phone users, public interest on health effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) by cell phones is gradually increasing. Some EHS (electromagnetic hypersensitivity) patientscomplain of psycho-neurophysiological symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, memory loss and EEG abnormalities resulting from RF radiation by CDMA cellular phones. However, EHS is difficult to diagnose and depends on the individual's subjective judgment. And we don't know clearly if the cause of EHS is uneasiness or real exposure. There have been various EHS volunteer studies on heart rate, blood pressure and subjective symptoms using GSM phones. But there are few studies aboutexperimental case-control study investigating physiological parameters, subjective symptoms and perception of EMFs. In this study, two volunteer groups of 17 self-declared EHS and 19 controls were exposed to both sham and real RF exposure by CDMA cellular phones for half anhour each. We investigated not only the physiological parameters such as heart rates, respiration rates and HRVs (hear rate variability), but also the perception of EMFs and subjective symptoms. As the results, TheEMFs exposure did not have any effects on the subjective symptoms or physiological parameters for both groups. For the EMF perception, there was no evidence that EHS group perceived the EMFs correctly than the control group.ope

Statistical Database 구축에 관한 연구(SOCIO-ECONOMIC 관점에서)

The objective of this study is to construct a statistical data base in order to keep track of the time serial movement in it and to process and analyze them using computer simulation methods, so that the results can serve as a basic data in making social and economic policies. In Korea, there has been made no efforts in this area, although in advanced countries such as the U.S. and Germany the statistical data base is utilized as a fundamental database for national policy-making. From the academic point of view, the study includes constructing a so-called socio-economic panel and further installing the interactive support system for method Oriented data exploration. The socio-economic panel provide representative longitudinal data on income, transfer payments, labor market experience changing family composition, and housing for individuals, families and households. In addition, it will allow representative cross-sectional analysis. As panel studies concentrating on the questions about above mentioned subject, the methods of formulation of questionairs is studied in the first part of this paper. In the second part the interactive support system for the method-oriented data exploration for the casual and experienced user. The inter face provided between software packages containing methods for data analysis and manipulation and data base system usually allows only for a data access from these methods. This however may only be considered as a first step towards an integrated system for interactive data analysis. A more sophisticated system should also support the user in selecting the appropriated method of analysis and the data sets for a given problem. This paper describes a method secelction routine that allows for user input of descriptors by which a method can be selected. Pascal and Cobol have been used for design and implementation respectively

Automated algorithm of automated auditory brainstem response for neonates

AABR(automated auditory brainstem response) test is used for the screening purpose of hearing ability of neonates. In this paper, algorithm using Rolle's theorem is suggested for automatic detection of the ensemble averaged ABR waveform. The ABR waveforms were recorded from 55 normal-hearing ears of neonates at screening levels varying from 30 to 60 dBnHL. Recorded signals were analyzed by expert audiologist and by the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm correctly identified latencies of the major ABR waves (III, V) with latent difference below 0.2 ms. No significant differences were found between the two methods. We also analyzed the ABR signals using derivative algorithm and compared the results with proposed algorithm. The number of detected candidate waves using the proposed algorithm was 47 % less than that of the existing one. The proposed method had lower relative errors (0.01 % error at 60dBnHL) compared to the existing one. By using proposed algorithm, clinicians can detect and label waves III and V more objectively and quantitatively than the manual detection method.ope

Subjective Symptoms and Physiological Changes of RF Exposure by a Cellular Phone

Due to the fast increase in cellular phone users, public interest on health effect of electromagnetic fields(EMFs) by cellular phonos is gradually increasing. Some EHS(electromagnetic hypersensitivity) patients complain of psycho-neurophysiological symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, memory loss resulting from RF radiation by CDMA cellular phones. However, EHS is difficult to diagnose and depends on the individual's subjective judgement. And we don't know clearly if the cause of EHS is uneasiness or real exposure. There have been various EHS volunteer studies on heart rate, blood pressure and subjective symptoms using GSM phones. But there are few studies on experimental case-control study investigating physiological parameters, subjective symptoms, and perception of EMFs. In this study, two volunteer groups of 17 self-declared EHS and 19 controls were exposed to both sham and real RF exposure by CDMA cellular phones for half an hour each. We investigated not only the physiological parameters such as heart rates, respiration rates and HRVs(hear rate variability), but also the perception of EMFs and subjective symptoms. As the results, EMF exposure did not have any effects on the subjective symptoms or physiological parameters for both groups. For the EMF perception, there was no evidence that EHS group perceived the EMFs correctly than the control groupope

Assessment of Immune Parameters of the Wild Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) using a Flow Cytometry and Neutral Red Retention Assay

Hemocyte parameters of the wild Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas inhabiting intertidal zones in small bays (Gwangyang and Jinhae Bay) on the southern coast of Korea were evaluated using flow cytometry and neutral red retention (NRR) assay. Morphological features, cell count, mortality, DNA damage, phagocytosis, and lysosomal membrane stability of hemocytes were analyzed. Three types of hemocytes were identified in the oyster hemolymph: granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. Immune related functions of hemocyte including phagocytosis and lysosomal membrane stability were significantly different among the study areas (P<0.05), while cell count, mortality, and DNA damage of hemocytes were not significantly different. In Gwangyang Bay, phagocytosis of granulocytes and lysosomal membrane stability of oyster hemocytes inhabiting inside bay were significantly lower than those of oyster hemocytes in outside bay (P<0.05), indicating that oysters in inside bay of Gwangyang were relatively suppressed the immunological function in hemocytes. Contrary to Gwangyang Bay, immune parameters of oyster hemocytes in Jinhae Bay not showed the difference between sampling sites. In conclusion, flow cytometry and NRR assay using oyster hemocyte has a powerful tool to investigate the cell level in a short time due to no-preprocessing of material.11scopuskc

Diagnosis of Marteilioides chungmuensis in wild Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using a histology and nested PCR

Marteilioides chungmuensis, a protozoan parasite, infects the oocytes of cultured Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas in Korea and Japan. Most studies of Marteilioides infection in Korea was mainly focused on cultured oysters using a conventional histology, whereas there was no attempt to examine the health assessment in wild populations. In the present study, we investigated the infection of Marteilioides in wild oysters collected from Gwangyang Bay and Masan Bay on southern coast of Korea, 2009 using a histology and nested PCR. Histology revealed that oysters from three of 8 sites in Masan Bay and two of 7 sites in Gwangyang Bay were infected with Marteilioides and the prevalence of parasite in both bays ranged from 3.3-26.7% and 3.3-6.6%, respectively. All infected oysters were female and egg size of infected oyster also significantly smaller than that of normal oysters (p<0.05). Furthermore, parasite infection of oysters from two bays using Marteilioides specific primer was confirmed. Female and male oysters in both bays were found to be infected with M. chungmuensis and prevalence was much higher 10-83.3% and 16.6-86.6% than the histology. In particular, the prevalence of parasite in most of male oysters in both bays showed a high infection compared to females. Sequences of PCR product were 99.9-100% identical to the 18S rDNA of M. chungmuensis reported in Japan. This is the first reporentional histology, whereas there was no attempt to examine the health assessment in wild populations. In the present study, we investigated the infection of Marteilioides in wild oysters collected from Gwangyang Bay and Masan Bay on southern coast of Korea, 2009 using a histology and nested PCR. Histology revealed that oysters from three of 8 sites in Masan Bay and two of 7 sites in Gwangyang Bay were infected with Marteilioides and the prevalence of parasite in both bays ranged from 3.3-26.7% and 3.3-6.6%, respectively. All infected oysters2

Assessment of health condition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in an oil spilled area

To assess environmental restoration and oyster productivity in an oil spilled area,we monitored the growth and physiological condition of Pacific oyster raised in asuspended long-line facility at Uihangri beach in Taean, one of the major areasdamaged by the Hebei spirit oil spill. Physiological condition was assessed usinghistology, biochemical composition analysis, and measuring reproductive effort. InDecember 2012, 15 months after placement, oysters grew 5.6 cm in shell length, 17.4 gin total weight, and 3.4 g in tissue dry weight. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayused to quantify egg biomass revealed that the fully ripe oysters produced a relativelysmall quality of eggs (22.9 %) of their body weight compared with adult oysters (40%),indicating that the 1-year-old oysters used in this study did not sexually mature. Thelow total carbohydrate and glycogen reserve in oyster tissue recorded in Septembercoincided with intense energy utilization due to spawning. The physiological condition ofcultured oysters was relatively better than wild oysters. In this study, we could confirmthe possibility of restoring oyster productivity in the oil spilled area by the suspendedculture system, although continuous monitoring should be carried out.r areasdamaged by the Hebei spirit oil spill. Physiological condition was assessed usinghistology, biochemical composition analysis, and measuring reproductive effort. InDecember 2012, 15 months after placement, oysters grew 5.6 cm in shell length, 17.4 gin total weight, and 3.4 g in tissue dry weight. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayused to quantify egg biomass revealed that the fully ripe oysters produced a relativelysmall quality of eggs (22.9 %) of their body weight compared with adult oysters (40%),indicating that the 1-year-old oysters used in this study did not sexually mature. Thelow total carbohydrate and glycogen reserve in oyster tissue recorded in Septembercoincided with intense energy utilization due to spawning. The physiological condition ofcultured oysters was relatively better than wild oysters. In this study, we could confirmthe possibility of restoring oyster productivity in the oil spilled area by the suspendedculture system, although continuous monitoring should be carried out.2

Monitoring health conditions of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas on the southern coast of Korea using varios physiological measurements

Physiological condition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas inhabiting intertidal zones in small bays on the southern coast of Korea were investigated in this study to evaluate the environmental quality of the bays. A total of 450 oysters were collected from 7 sites in Gwangyang Bay and 8 sites in Jinhae Bay during June and July of 2010. Histological analysis revealed that oysters in Gwangyang and Jinhae Bay were mostly in developing stages while oysters in Gwangyang Bay were in more advanced reproductive stages. The survey results presented in this study suggest that overall physiological condition of oysters in Gwangyang Bay was better than that of Jinhae Bay; thus strongly indicating that the environmental quality of Gwangyang Bay is comparatively better.1

First characterisation of the population and immune parameters of the hemocytes of the mussel Crenomytillus grayanus (Dunker, 1853)

We first investigated the morphology and immunological activities of hemocytes of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus using flow cytometry and light microscopy. Three types of hemocytes were identified in the hemolymph including granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. Granulocytes were the most abundant (57.4%) cells in the hemolymph, followed by hyalinocytes (20.8%) and blast-like cells (5.3%). Flow cytometry revealed that the granulocytes are most active in the cell phagocytosis and oxidative activity. Hyalinocytes also exhibited a certain level of the phagocytic and oxidative activities but in a lesser extent than the granulocytes. In contrast, the blast-like cells showed no phagocytosis and tremendously low oxidative activity, indicating that this hemocyte in not actively involved in the cell-mediated immunological activity. In addition, hemocytes were subjected to acute temperature challenges (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and their immune-related functions analyzed. Our results showed that relative high temperature (25 and 30 °C) represent a stressful condition for the mussel C. grayanus, as depicted by a low phagocytosis capacity after 4 hours exposure.es, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. Granulocytes were the most abundant (57.4%) cells in the hemolymph, followed by hyalinocytes (20.8%) and blast-like cells (5.3%). Flow cytometry revealed that the granulocytes are most active in the cell phagocytosis and oxidative activity. Hyalinocytes also exhibited a certain level of the phagocytic and oxidative activities but in a lesser extent than the granulocytes. In contrast, the blast-like cells showed no phagocytosis and tremendously low oxidative activity, indicating that this hemocyte in not actively involved in the cell-mediated immunological activity. In addition, hemocytes were subjected to acute temperature challenges (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and their immune-related functions analyzed. Our results showed that relative high temperature (25 and 30 °C) represent a stressful condition for the mussel C. grayanus, as depicted by a low phagocytosis capacity after 4 hours exposure.1