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    A Study on Middle Eastern Patients' Satisfaction with Services and Revisit Decisions

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 8. ๊น€์ •์€.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ์ค‘๋™ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๋™ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 5์ธ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ 1์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘๋™ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2016๋…„ 4์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4์›” 20์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์‹œ ์ค‘๋™์„ผํ„ฐ, ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ถ€, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ด€, ์ปจ์‹œ์–ด์ง€ ์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์„  ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์˜ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์œค๋ฆฌ์‹ฌ์˜์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ์Šน์ธ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ(SNUIRB No. #1604/001-001)(๋ถ€๋ก 1), ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๋ž์—๋ฏธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ด€, ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ถ€, ์ปจ์‹œ์–ด์ง€ ์—…์ฒด์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ํ›„, ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜, ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ, ํ‰๊ท , ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t-test ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๊ทœํ›ˆ(2014)์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ง€์ˆ˜์ธ Cronbach's alpha ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 0.8 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 0.7 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์†ก์ถœ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ, ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž ์ œ๊ณต ์‹์‚ฌ, ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. GCC ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์˜จ ํ™˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ GCC ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ GCC ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ฐจ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ 1, 2์ฐจ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐจ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ณ‘์› ์ตœ์‹ ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ถ€์†ก์ถœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹ค๋ ฅ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์กด๋ฅ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์†ก์ถœ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‹์‚ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ GCC ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ™˜์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ปจ์‹œ์–ด์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ตํ†ต ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” GCC ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์ฒด๋ฅ˜๋น„์™€ ๊ตํ†ต๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3์ฐจ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์š”๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ปจ์‹œ์–ด์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„ ์ค‘๋™ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์งˆ ๋†’์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•™ ๋ฒˆ : 2013-20446โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 1. ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ 7 2. ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 11 3. ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„ 14 4. ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ 17 5. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํƒœ 19 6. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ค‘๋™ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 21 7. ์ค‘๋™ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด 23 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์„ค์ • 26 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 26 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 28 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 29 2. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ 30 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 33 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 35 5. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 40 V. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 41 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 41 2. ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 45 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ 56 โ…ฅ. ๋…ผ ์˜ 58 1. ์ •๋ถ€์†ก์ถœ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด 58 2. GCC(Gulf Cooperation Council) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด 60 3. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด 62 4. 3์ฐจ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ 1, 2์ฐจ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด 63 โ…ฆ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 64 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 66 ๋ถ€๋ก 73 Abstract 101Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ๊น€์ •์€.์•„๋™์€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์–ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ์˜ํ•ด, ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์‹ ๋…์ด ์•„๋™์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋ˆ„๋ฝ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ผ์ •๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์ด ์‹ค์‹œ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ถ€ ๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์‹œ ์ ์†Œ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ IMB(Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills) ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋Œ€์ƒ ์•„๋™์„ ์–‘์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์ •๋ณด, ๋™๊ธฐ, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ–‰์œ„์˜๋„ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ(๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ)๊ณผ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ(์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฐ)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„ 4์ฃผ, 8์ฃผ, 12์ฃผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋Š” ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(n= 34), ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ (n= 35)์˜ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ ‘์ข… ์ง€์‹ ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ‘œ ๋ณธ t-testํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M=3.34, SD=2.55)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M=6.13, SD=2.63)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -4.27, p= .000). 2์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M= 4.44, SD= 2.06)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 8.29, SD= 2.15)์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -7.26, p= .000). ๋˜ ํ•œ 3์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M= 3.88, SD= 2.14)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 8.74, SD= 1.70)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -10.00, p= .000).์ฆ‰ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง€์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ ‘์ข… ๋™๊ธฐ ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ‘œ ๋ณธ t-testํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M=2.17, SD=.77)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค ํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 2.83 SD= .83)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -3.28 p= .002). ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ ํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M= 2.28, SD= .45)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 3.21, SD= .57)์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (t= -7.19, p= .000). ๋˜ํ•œ 3์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M= 2.45, SD= .56)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 3.63, SD= .38)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -8.81, p= .000). ์ฆ‰ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋™ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ ‘์ข… ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ‘œ๋ณธ t-testํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1์ฐจ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M=2.66, SD=1.23)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 3.22 SD= 0.68)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -2.26, p= .028). ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M= 2.66, SD= 1.26)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 3.59, SD= 0.34)์ด ํ‰๊ท  ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -7.74, p= .000). ๋˜ํ•œ 3์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M= 2.43, SD= 0.82)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 3.76, SD= 0.34)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -8.47, p= .000). ์ฆ‰ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ ์ˆ˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ํ–‰์œ„์˜๋„ ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ‘œ๋ณธ t-testํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M=2.69, SD=1.32)์— ๋น„ํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 4.22 SD= 0.98)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -5.23, p= .000). 2์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M = 2.64, SD = 1.09)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(M= 4.64, SD= 0.48)์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -9.48, p= .000). ๋˜ํ•œ 3์ฐจ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(M= 2.76, SD= 1.07)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ (M= 4.71, SD= 0.41)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(t= -9.65, p= .000). ์ฆ‰ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์†Œ์•„์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์ฑ—๋ด‡์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์–‘์œก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ ์† ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œ์ผœ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์ดํ–‰๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.The decrease in childrens vaccination rates resulted in outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. The child vaccination chatbot developed in this study can be used as a tool to promote immunization through the provision of reminders and real-time consultation messenger service. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a child vaccination chatbot based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB) model and to evaluate the effectiveness of the chatbot. Based on the IMB model, a real-time consultation messenger service chatbot was developed to provide answers to questions about childrens vaccinations. The chatbot was used by the participants of this study to evaluate its effects based on changes in the measurements of vaccination information, motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination behavioral intention variables. This study is divided into two parts the development and evaluation of the chatbot. The developed child vaccination chatbot went through the stages of evaluation in accordance with the software development life cycle. Then, the developed chatbot was used by the participants in this study. The participants of this study were parents who were raising children from 0 to 35 months old and those whose children expected to be vaccinated within three months. The experimental group included 34 participants, and the control group had 31 participants. The ages of children were similar in both groups. During the 12 weeks of the research, the participants were provided with vaccination schedule reminder alarms, a real-time consultation messenger service, information about vaccinations and motivation boosters. Also, vaccination information, motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination behavioral intention variables were measured every four weeks. The experimental group that used the chatbot scored higher for vaccinaion information, motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination behavioral intention than the control group. Based on the results, it is assumed that the child vaccination chatbot provided useful and prompt information to parents raising children who needed to be vaccinated. The child vaccination chatbot increased vaccination motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination rates by providing necessary information to parents.โ…  Introduction 1 1. Background 1 2. Purpose 5 3. Definition of Terminology 6 โ…ก Literature Review 9 1. Childs Vaccination Management 9 2. Providing Childs Vaccination Information Intervention and Vaccination Implementation 11 3. Chatbot 13 4. Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model 16 5. Turing Test 18 โ…ข Theoretical Framework 20 1. Conceptual Framework 20 2. Hypotheses 21 โ…ฃ Methodology 22 1. Development of the Child Vaccination Chatbot 22 2. Evaluation of the Child Vaccination Chatbot 29 โ…ค Results 39 1. Development of the Child Vaccination Chatbot 39 2. Usability test of the Child Vaccination Chatbot 56 3. Evaluation of the Child Vaccination Chatbot 62 โ…ฅ Discussion 76 1. Development of the Child Vaccination Chatbot 77 2. Child Vaccination Chatbots Application and Effects 79 3. Child Vaccination Chatbots Turing Test 81 4. Limitations of the Study 82 5. Significance of the Study in Nursing 83 6. Implications 85 โ…ฆ Conclusion 86 1. Conclusion 86 References 90 Appendix Appendix 1. IRB review results 100 Appendix 2. IRB review results (Additional review on adding questionnaire) 101 Appendix 3. Instructions for study participants (IRB Approval document) 102 Appendix 4. Recruitment documents for research participants 106 Appendix 5. Korean questionnaire 109 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 116Docto

    Minimally invasive surgery in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: outcome and selection criteria

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    PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine clinical indications for performing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with acceptable results by reviewing our experience in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair and comparing outcomes of MIS with open surgery. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent CDH repair were reviewed retrospectively between January 2008 and December 2012, and outcomes were compared between MIS and open repair of CDH. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2012, 35 patients were operated on for CDH. Among these patients, 20 patients underwent open surgery, and 15 patients underwent MIS. Patients with delayed presentations (60.0% [9/15] in the MIS group vs. 20.0% [4/20] in the open surgery group; P = 0.015) and small diaphragmatic defect less than 3 cm (80.0% [12/15] in the MIS group vs. 0.0% [0/20] in the open surgery group; P < 0.001) were more frequently in the MIS group than the open surgery group. All 10 patients who also had other anomalies underwent open surgery (P = 0.002). Moreover, nine patients who needed a patch for repair underwent open surgery (P = 0.003). Patients in the MIS group showed earlier enteral feeding and shorter hospital stays. There was no recurrence in either group. CONCLUSION: CDH repair with MIS can be suggested as the treatment of choice for patients with a small sized diaphragmatic defect, in neonates with stable hemodynamics and without additional anomalies, or in infants with delayed presen tation of CDH, resulting in excellent outcomes.ope

    Clinical Characteristics and Management of Benign Transient Non-Organic Ileus of Neonates: A Single-Center Experience

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    PURPOSE: The term benign transient non-organic ileus of neonates (BTNIN) is applied to neonates who present symptoms and plain radiographic findings of Hirschsprung's disease, but do not have aganglionic bowel and are managed well by conservative treatment. It can often be difficult to diagnose BTNIN because its initial symptoms are similar to those of Hirschsprung's disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and proper treatment of BTNIN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was made on the clinical data of 19 neonates who were treated for BTNIN between January 2008 and December 2011 at a single facility. RESULTS: Abdominal distension occurred in every patient (19/19). Other common symptoms included emesis (5/19), explosive defecation (5/19), and constipation (4/19). The vast majority of patients (15/19) experienced the onset of symptoms between 2 and 4 weeks of age. Radiograph findings from all of the patients were similar to Hirschsprung's disease. A barium study showed a transition zone in 33.4% (6/18) of the patients. However, rectal biopsy revealed ganglion cells in the distal rectum in 88.2% (15/17) of the patients, and anorectal manometry showed a normal rectoanal inhibitory reflex in 90% (9/10). All patients responded well to conservative treatment. Symptoms disappeared at the mean age of 4.9ยฑ1.0 months, and the abdominal radiographs normalized. CONCLUSION: BTNIN had an excellent outcome with conservative treatment, and must be differentiated from Hirschsprung's disease. A rectal biopsy and anorectal manometry were useful diagnostic tools in the differential diagnosis.ope

    Retrospective assessment of the validity of robotic surgery in comparison to open surgery for pediatric choledochal cyst

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    PURPOSE: We evaluated the validity of robotic surgery (RS) for pediatric choledochal cyst (CC) in comparison to open surgery (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2009 to April 2013, clinical data from 79 consecutive pediatric patients with CC, who underwent RS (n=36) or OS (n=43) performed by a single pediatric surgeon, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the RS group, the age of the patients was significantly older, compared to the OS group. Operation and anesthesia times were significantly longer in the RS group than the OS group. Fluid input rates to maintain the same urine output were significantly smaller in the RS group than the OS group. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, length of postoperative hospital stay, and the incidence of surgical complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although early complications could not be avoided during the development of robotic surgical techniques, RS for pediatric CC showed results comparable to those for OS. We believe that RS may be a valid and alternative surgery for pediatric CC. After further development of robotic surgical systems and advancement of surgical techniques therewith, future prospective studies may reveal more positive results.ope

    ๊ต๊ฐ์šด๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฉด์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ณต๊ทผ ๋ฐ ์ฒ™์ถ” ๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ทผ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    Dept. of Rehabilitation Therapy/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]x [์˜๋ฌธ]Various exercise protocols have been designed to improve trunk stability in the fields of rehabilitation and sport. Bridging exercise on the floor, foam roll, or gymball is often prescribed for improving trunk stability.The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the abdominalis and erector spinae during bridging and unilateral bridging exercises on a firm surface, on the sit-fit, and on a foam roll. Eighteen healthy young subjects with no medical history of lower-extremity or lumbar spine disease were recruited for this study. Muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG electrods from the both sides of the rectus abdominalis, external obliques, internal obliques, and erector spinae muscles during bridging and unilateral bridging exercises. A one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the EMG activity of each muscle according to the support surface condition. Differences in the EMG activities between the bridging and unilateral bridging exercises, and between the right side and left side were assessed using a paired t-test, and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. The study showed that the EMG activities of the both rectus abdominalis, both external obliques, and the right internal oblique were significantly higher when the bridging exercise was performed using the foam roll than when using the sit-fit. The EMG activities of the both external obliques, both internal obliques, and both erector spinae during bridging exercise using the foam roll were significantly higher than that using the firm surface. The EMG activities of the left rectus abdominis, both external obliques, and the right internal oblique were significantly higher during unilateral bridging exercise using the foam roll than when using the sit-fit. The EMG activities of the right external oblique, right internal oblique, and both erector spinae during unilateral bridging exercise using the foam roll were significantly higher than when using the firm surface. The EMG activity of the left erector spina was significantly higher when using the sit-fit than when using the firm surface during the unilateral bridging exercise. The EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher during the unilateral bridging exercise than during the bridging exercise. There was no significant difference in the EMG activity of each muscle between the right side and the left side during the bridging exercise. In the unilateral bridging exercise, the EMG activity of the right rectus abdominis was significantly higher than that of the left rectus abdominis in all three support surface conditions. In addition, the EMG activity of the right erector spina was significantly higher than that of the left erector spina when performing the unilateral bridging exercise using the firm surface and the sit-fit. Based on these fidings, performing the unilateral bridging exercise using the sit-fit or the foam roll is a useful method for facilitating trunk-muscle strength and hence lumbar stability.ope

    Changes in outcomes and operative trends with pediatric robot-assisted resection of choledochal cyst

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    Background: This study aimed to report our experience with a robot-assisted resection of choledochal cysts (CCs) in pediatric patients, especially focusing on changes in outcomes and operative trends. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all 158 patients under 18 years of age who underwent robot-assisted resection of CC in a single tertiary center between July 2008 and January 2021. Patients were divided into the first period (P1, July 2008-March 2016; N = 79) and second period (P2, April 2016-January 2021; N = 79) with equal number of participants. The patients of P2 were compared with those of P1 to assess clinical outcomes with operative details. Operative characteristics and postoperative prognosis were compared for each group. Results: The mean operative time was 383.6 min for the P2 group and 462.6 min for the P1 group (p < 0.001). The mean estimated blood loss was 28 mL in the P2 group and 63 mL in the P1 group (p = 0.025). The rate of emergency department visit after the operation was lower in the P2 group (3.8% vs. 13.9%, respectively, p = 0.047). The two groups showed no significant differences in the rate of late postoperative complications and reoperations. Conclusion: With the increase in the center's experience, robot-assisted resection of CC can be safely adopted and feasible, especially for pediatric patients. Levels of evidence: Treatment Study, Level III.restrictio

    Lessons and tips from the experience of pediatric robotic choledochal cyst resection

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    PURPOSE: The laparoscopic surgery for a choledochal cyst in children is technically challenging because of its high degree of complexity despite its possibility. In an attempt to overcome this laparoscopic weakness and to facilitate the difficult steps in the minimally invasive surgery for choledochal cyst resection in children, we have performed the robot-assisted resection of the choledochal cyst. The aim of this study is to report lessons and tips obtained from our experience of the robot-assisted choledochal cyst resection in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 2008 to October 2011, we have attempted robot-assisted resections of choledochal cyst for 14 children using the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System(ยฎ) (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA). We analyzed retrospectively reviewed medical records for patients' clinical characteristics, operative methods, and postoperative outcomes including operative time, hospital days, and complications. RESULTS: In 3 early consecutive cases, we encountered serious technical problems and complications. However, after the operator underwent the robot system off-site training program, complete resection of the choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed successfully without difficulty and any complication in the 11 later consecutive cases. The important technical developments of our late-period operations include placing the patient's body above the operative table, performing the extracorporeal jejunojejunostomy through an umbilical incision, omitting the operative cholangiography with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography substitution, exposure of the porta hepatis by lateral retractions of the gallbladder and the falciform ligament with anchoring sutures to the abdominal wall, and using a third robotic arm for counter-traction of tissues for careful dissection. CONCLUSION: We believe that the techniques of pediatric robotic choledochal cyst resection have evolved from the previous experiences to be safer and easier.ope

    Significance of Contrast Enema in One-stage Transanal Endorectal Pull-through Operation for Hirschsprung Disease

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    In one-stage transanal endorectal pull-through operation (TERPT) for Hirschsprung disease, preoperative evaluation by contrast enema (CE) is important tool in aspect of planning of surgical procedure as well as diagnosis. This study was to evaluate the significance of CE for identifying the extent of aganglionic bowel. A retrospective analysis was performed in 40 patients who underwent TERPT between 2003 and 2011. The authors reviewed the CE studies and their correlation with pathologic extent of aganglionosis. Total 66 contrast enemas were performed in 40 patients. Twenty patients underwent single CE, but 20 patients required multiple CEs. In single CE group, 17 had clear radiographic transition zone, but 3 had less definite transition zone. In multiple CE group, 17 patients who had equivocal finding in first or second CE had definite radiographic transition zone, but 3 patients of this group had less definite radiographic transition zones. Overall, 34 patients (85%)had clear radiographic transition zone by single or repeated CE. One (2.9%) out of 34 patients with clear radiographic transition zone had discordance between radiographic and pathologic transition zone. In contrast 4 (66.7%) out of 6 patients with equivocal radiographic transition zone had discordance between radiographic and pathologic transition zone. Observation of clear radiographic transition zone is important in preparation of TERPT, and repeated CE is helpful to reduce the discordance between radiographic and pathologic transition zone. Awareness of the possibility of discordance is also important if radiographic transitional zone is not clear.ope
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