23 research outputs found
The High Price of Korean Materialism on Chronic and Momentary Happiness
학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 심리학과, 2014. 7. 최인철.The present study aims to replicate and extend previous findings on the aversive effects of materialism on wellbeing. In numerous past studies, sufficient amount of information about psychological and social traits about materialists that are related to diminished happiness have been provided. However, they have neglected to examine materialists in daily life. This study overcomes such limitation by assessing materialists happiness at both chronic and momentary levels. At the chronic level, participants happiness was assessed from their retrospective evaluation on life satisfaction. At the momentary level, participants instant pleasure, meaningfulness, and engagement were used as an indicator of their happiness. Moreover, Study 1 addressed two psychological processes to understand the negative relationship between materialism and happiness. Mediation analysis showed that materialism begets a lay belief about happiness and consumer behaviors which in turn reduce happiness. Materialism also acted as a moderator to attenuate the positive impact of income on happiness. In Study 2, materialists momentary happiness and life style were examined in an everyday life setting using the experience sampling method. The results showed that materialists do feel unhappier in daily life. Interestingly, materialists showed a unique life style that reduces their happiness. Upon investigating their lifestyle further, results found that materialists engaged in happiness-enhancing activities less frequently, but surprisingly they felt more pleasure, meaningfulness, and engagement during those activities. Specifically, they engaged in self-enhancing activities, social events, leisure activities, and self-transcendent activities, but felt less happy while engaging in materialistic activities and asocial activities. The findings all together suggest the possibility that the life style of materialists begets reduced chronic and momentary happiness. Theoretical contribution, practical implication, and limitation of the study are discussed.Abstract
Introduction
Study 1
Method
Results
Study 2
Method
Results
General Discussion
References
Appendices
Abstract in KoreanMaste
Differences in Self-reported and Peer nominated Aggression Groups in School Adjustment and Psychological Characteristics
The purpose of this research was to compare the distribution of aggressiveness levels in elementary, middle, and high school students and to explore whether there are differences in school adjustment, positive psychology, and negative psychology based on aggressiveness level groups. For this research purpose, three research questions were addressed. First, what is the distribution of aggressiveness level in elementary, middle, and high school students? Second, are there any differences in school adjustment, positive psychology, and negative psychology among school levels? Third, are there any interaction effects of aggressiveness level and school levels on school adjustment, positive psychology, and negative psychology? In this research study, data of 3179 participants was derived from 2017 ClassNet program data base. The results of this study are as follows: First, peer-nominated aggressive group and high aggressive group were significantly reduced in high school compared to elementary and middle school. Second, self-reported aggressive students perceived themselves negatively and had difficulties in school adjustment compared to non-aggressive students or peer-nomination aggressive students. Lastly, the results of the interaction analysis between aggressiveness level and school level showed an interaction effect in behavioral participation, morality, empathy, self-control, and negative emotion.이 연구의 목적은 자기보고와 또래지명을 토대로 초, 중, 고등학생의 공격성 수준별 유형 분포를 비교하고, 유형에 따른 학교적응, 긍정 및 부정심리에 차이가 있는지를 탐색하는 것이다. 연구문제는 첫째, 초, 중, 고등학생의 공격성 수준별 유형분포는 어떠한가? 둘째, 학교급별로 공격성 수준별 유형에 따른 학교적응, 긍정 및 부정심리에는 차이가 있는가? 셋째, 학교적응, 긍정 및 부정심리에 대한 공격성 수준별 유형과 학교급의 상호작용 효과가 있는가? 이다. 2017년도에 클래스넷 프로그램에 포함된 초, 중, 고등학교 학생 3,179명의 데이터를 분석하였고, 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 또래지명 공격성집단과 높은 공격성집단의 비율이 초등학교와 중학교에 비해 고등학교에서 감소하였다. 반면 자기보고에 의해 공격적이라고 확인된 집단 비율은 중·고등학교에서 오히려 증가하였다. 둘째, 자신을 스스로 공격적이라고 생각하는 학생들이 비공격성집단이나 또래지명 공격성집단에 비해 대체로 자신에 대해 부정적으로 인식하고 학교적응에도 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공격성 수준별 집단유형과 학교급의 상호작용분석결과, 행동적 참여, 도덕성,공감, 자기조절, 부정정서에서 상호작용효과가 나타났다.이 논문은 2015년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2015S1A5A2A03049911
Effects of Counselor's Self-involving Response and Client's Self-concept on Counseling Effectiveness
The present study is to examine the effects of counselor's self-involving responses and client's level of self-concept on effectiveness of the first counseling session. For this purpose, two kinds of counselor's self-involving response were manipulated : positive self-involving (PSI) statements and negative self-involving (NSI) statements. And 72 female college students were selected by Self-concept Scale. They were divided into two groups, which were high self-concept and low one.
The subjects of each group were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (PSI/NSI). In the experiment, the subjects listened to the audio-taped analogue counseling and evaluated the session effectiveness.
The methods to evaluate the counseling effectiveness were : Counselor Rating Form which is consist of expertness, trustworthiness, general attractiveness, and personal attractiveness and the Session Evaluation Questionnaire which is consist of depth, smoothness, and positive emotion. The experiment was designed by 2(PSI/NSI) X 2(HIGH/LOW) and MANOVA and ANOVA were applied to analyse the data.
The results are as follows:
1. Subjects whose self-cocepts were high perceived more counselor expertness than low self-concept subjects (p<.01). And Perception of the counselor trustworthiness was more in high self-concept group than in low one (p<.01). Also, counselor's positive self-involving reponse had positive effect en evaluation counselor's trustworthiness (p<.0001), general attractiveness (p<.0001), and personal attractiveness (p<.001). Especially, high self-cocept subjects perceived higher personal attractiveness than low ones (p<.001).
2. Counselor's positive self-involving response had positive effect on evaluating the depth (P<.05), smoothness (P<.0001), and positive emotion (P<.001). Also, high self-concept subjects experienced more positive emotion than low ones (P<.05).
According to the results, it is concluded that counselor's positive self-involving response is more effective than negative one in the first counseling session and high self-concept group tend to perceive more positively than low one.; 연구는 상담자의 언어반응과 내담자의 심리적 특성이 초기상담에서 상담의 효율성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한 것이다. 상담자의 언어반응으로는 긍정적 및 부정적 자기관여 반응을, 그리고 내담자의 심리적 특성으로는 자아개념 점수의 고-저 수준을 설정한 2 (반응내용) × 2 (자아개념수준) 이원요인 설계로서 이 변인들이 상담자에 대한 속성지각과 상담 회기 평가에서 어떤 차이를 보이는지 살펴보려는 것이다.
본 연구에서는 자아개념 점수가 높은 집단 36명과 낮은 집단 36명으로 총 72명의 여자대학생 피험자가 선정되었다. 그리고 각 조건별로 18명씩 무선 할당하여 유사 (analogue) 상담상황에서 상담자 평가 질문지 (상담자의 전문성, 성실성, 일반적 호감도, 개인적 호감도 평가척도) 와 상담회기 평가 질문지 (상담의 깊이, 순조로움, 긍정적 정서 평가척도) 를 평정하게 함으로써 초기상담의 효율성을 평가하였다. 자료는 MANOVA와 ANOVA를 이용하여 통계처리 하였다.
본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 상담자 평가, 즉 상담자에 대한 속성 지각에 있어서 내담자의 자아개념점수가 높을수록 상담자의 전문성을 높게 평가했다 (p<.01). 그리고 긍정적인 자기관여 반응의 상담자를 더 성실하게 지각했으며 (p<.0001), 내담자의 자아개념점수가 높을수록 상담자를 더 성실하게 평가했다 (p<.01). 본 연구에서는 호감도 영역을 일반적 호감도와 개인적 호감도로 분류하여 측정하였는데 그 결과에도 차이가 있었다. 즉 일반적 호감도는 긍정적 자기관여 반응에서 더 높게 평정되었고 (p<.0001), 개인적 호감도는 긍정적 자기관여 반응 (p<.001) 및 자아개념 점수가 높은 집단 (p<.001) 에서 더 높게 지각되었다.
2. 상담회기에 대한 평가에 있어서 내담자들은 상담자의 자기관여 반응이 긍정적일때 상담을 더 깊이있고 (p<.05), 더 순조로운 것 (p<.0001) 으로 평정하엿다. 또한 긍정적 자기관여 반응일때 긍정적 정서를 더 경험했으며 (p<.001), 자아개념 점수가 높을수록 긍정적 정서를 더 높게 평정하였다 (p<.05).
본 연구결과 초기상담에 있어서 상담자의 긍정적 자기관여 반응이 부정적 자기관여 반응에 비해 더 효율적인 언어반응임을 입증하였고, 자아개념 점수가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 더 긍정적인 방향으로 지각하는 경향이 있을을 알 수 있었다.목차 = ⅰ
논문개요 = ⅲ
Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 3
A. 상담자의 자기관여 반응 = 3
B. 내담자의 자아개념 = 7
C. 상담의 효율성 = 11
Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 15
A. 피험자 = 15
B. 실험도구 = 16
C. 실험절차 = 18
D. 자료처리 = 19
Ⅳ. 결과 및 해석 = 21
A. 상담자에 대한 속성 지각 = 21
B. 상담회기에 대한 평가 = 24
Ⅴ. 요약 및 논의 = 27
참고문헌 = 32
부록 = 36
ABSTRACT = 5
