65 research outputs found

    The Policy of Korean Dictionary and Lexicography

    No full text
    This study aims to describe and explain the policy of Korean dictionary and lexicography. Lexicography is the writing and making of dictionaries. Korean dictionary was appeared in modem recent times. These dictionaries were translation printed side by side with the orignal text. These dictionaries were published by foreigner in foreign countries.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ 2004๋…„๋„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™๋ฌธ์œก์„ฑ์ง€์› ์ธ๋ฌธ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทผํ˜„๋Œ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ '๊ทผํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์–ด๋ฌธ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(โ…ก)'์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Œ(KRF-2004-073-AM2033)

    The Korean Language Policy of the Enlightenment of Modern Recent Times - Focus on the ใ€ŽGwanbo(The Goverment's Newspaper)ใ€-

    No full text
    In this paper, I looked into the korean language policy of the modern recent times, This period possessed the characteristics of enlightenment. So we called the period to "Enlightenment of Modern Recent Times". I think language policy were reflected in Government public information. So I focused on the ใ€ŽGwanboใ€, that was a government public newspaper. The results of this paper as follow; First, I investigated the organs of language policy, I divided the oragans into establishment, execution and researches. The results as follows ; (1) The policy making organs were not found, but language policy related in the form of goverment[๊ณต๋ฌธ์‹] and conference of cabinet[์˜์•ˆ] (2) The execution of language policy were Byonyoggwa(the Ministary of Foreign Affairs's Translated Part)[์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ณผ], Hagbu(the ministary of education ํ•™๋ถ€) etc. (3) In 1907, Government set up The Research of National Language[๊ตญ๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ], that researched the role of orthography. Second I divided the language problem to the enlightenment of modern recent tines into three there (1) The urgent questions were unification of the written and spoken language. This problem were expressed in Kim Ok-gwun[๊น€์˜ฅ๊ท ] and Park Young-hyo[๋ฐ•์˜ํšจ]. And The Royal decree No1 distributed in 1894. The decree contained "Korean letter is first, Chinese writing[ํ•œ๋ฌธ] and Mixing Style[ํ˜ผ์šฉ๋ฌธ] is second". The Mixing Style used Hangul at the same tine with Chinese characters. (2) The laws of education problems were contained language problems. So I researched the laws of education The entrance eximination, the course of study were related with Korean language problem (3) The department of Hakbu Editing[ํ•™๋ถ€ํŽธ์ง‘๋ถ€] edited schoolbooks, and textbook screening system[๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ฒ€์ •์ œ๋„] were enforced

    Evaluation of artificial skin substitute implanted onto nude mice

    No full text
    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€(artificial skin)๋Š” ์†์ƒ๋œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ฐฝ์ƒ ํ”ผ๋ณต์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•จ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์ด ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๊นŠ์€ 2๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™”์ƒ, ์š•์ฐฝ, ๋‚œ์น˜์„ฑ ๊ถค์–‘, ๋‹น๋‡จ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๊ดด์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ, ํ‚คํ† ์‚ฐ, ์ ค๋ผํ‹ด, hyaluronan, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) ๋“ฑ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ polylactic acid (PLA), poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)๋“ฑ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํƒˆ๋ฝ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ์ƒ์ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ด์‹ ํ›„ ์ƒ์ฐฉ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฐฉ๋œ ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ˆ„๋“œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋“ฑ์— ์ง๊ฒฝ 8mm์˜ ์ฐฝ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 1์—๋Š” PLGA scaffold, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 2 ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์„ธํฌ์ง„ํ”ผ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 3 ์—๋Š” ์ง„ํ”ผ์™€ ํ‘œํ”ผ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 1 ๊ณผ 2 ์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 4์ฃผ, 6์ฃผ์— ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 3 ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 2์ฃผ, 4์ฃผ์งธ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ hematoxyline & eosin (H&E)์—ผ์ƒ‰, Massonโ€™s trichrome ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ neurofilament ๋ฉด์—ญํ™”ํ•™ ์—ผ์ƒ‰(Ki 67(clone MIB, Dako) ์—ผ์ƒ‰)์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์ƒํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ •๋„, angiogenesis index๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹ ์ƒ ์ •๋„, ๊ต์›์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ •๋„, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ ํ‘œํ”ผ์ธต์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ •๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์— ๋น„๊ต ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.1. ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ด์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ƒ๋ฉด์ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ• ์ •๋„๋ฅผ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.2. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง„ํ”ผ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์„ธํฌ ์ง„ํ”ผ ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ”ผ์™€ ํ‘œํ”ผ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์—๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.3. ๊ต์›์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ •๋„์™€ ์–‘์ƒ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง„ํ”ผ์™€ ํ‘œํ”ผ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์„ธํฌ ์ง„ํ”ผ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ต์›์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ท์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.4. ์ด์‹ ํ›„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ์ง„ํ”ผ๊ธฐ์งˆ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง„ํ”ผ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์‹ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.5. ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ฌด์„ธํฌ ์ง„ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 2, 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 3 ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ PLGA scaffold๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต์˜ ํ”์ ๋งŒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต ํ˜•์„ฑ, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹ ์ƒ ์ •๋„, ๊ต์›์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ฐœํ˜„, ํ‘œํ”ผ์ธต ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์€ ์ธ๊ณต ํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ด์‹ ํ›„ ์ƒ์ฐฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™” ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณตํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค [์˜๋ฌธ]Artificial skin substitute is composed of synthesized macromolecule such as PLGA and natural macromolecule such as collagen and chitosan. Understanding the physiologic and biochemical characteristics and changes when the artificial skin is transplanted into the body may be the most important marker for the assessment of the artificial skin substitute. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the remodeling process of the various skin substitutes at 4th and 6th weeks following the transplantation when transplanted onto nude mice.Application of dermal graft to wound on nude mouse (male BALB/c-nu weighting 20g – 34g housed in cages). The experimental groups are consisted with 3 groups, such as PLGA scaffold with keratinocyte sheets(group 1), acellular human dermis (SuredermTM) and keratinocyte sheet(group 2), bioengineered skin (Neodermโ„ข) (group 3). The PLGA scaffold and artificial skin were into circle form of 8mm diameter. Acellular human dermis (SureDermโ„ข) and Bioengineered skin (NeodermTM)were used. Nude mice approximately 6-8weeks in age (24-32g in weight) were anesthetized using a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (200 ฮผg and 10 ฮผg/g, respectively). A 8mm sized full-thickness skin wound was made on the central dorsum of each animal and covered with the artificial skin (NeodermTM and SureDermTM)/PLGA scaffold. Epidermis grafting with keratinocyte sheets was applied after 10day to artificial skin implant. All mice were killed at 2,4 weeks and/or 6 weeks after grafting and harvested tissue samples. Biopsied tissue samples were fixed in buffered formalin (10%) and embedded in paraffin wax. Five-micron sections were stained hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). During the observation period, formation of basement membrane and skin appendage was examined and changes of wound size at 3 days, 1 week, and 3 weeks postoperatively was measured and evaluated with human eyes. Angiogenesis index was used to figure out the degree of angiogenesis. The cell count, density, arrangement of collagen fibers in the transplanted artificial skin was examined. The immunohistochemistry of Ki67 staining and neurofilament was done2 to evaluate the degree of proliferation and neural restoration in the transplanted dermis.According to the changes of wound size following the transplantation, no significant changes between the three groups were noticed. However, in the non-substituted contrast group, the size of wound decreased significantly due to contraction. In reference to degree of blood vessel formation by H & E staining, neovascularization was noted in Group 3 on the 2nd week of substitution, while no neovasularization was noted in Group 1. On the 6th week, neovascularization was noticed in all groups. According to the degree of collagen synthesis and arrangement in dermis, newly formed vessels were noted on the 2nd week in Group 2 and 6th week in Group 3, 1 respectively. In the 4th week, vascularization was witnessed uniformly in the entire dermis, where as in Group 1, only slight labeling in upper dermis level was noticed. Neurofilament and epithelial cell staining was noticed on the 4th week in all study groups and significantly increased in the 6th week.The remodeling efficiency of artificial skin substitute in the human body was studied with various methods. The degree of basement membrane formation, new blood vessel formation, collagen expression, neurofilament expression, epithelial cell staining may be the categories to anticipate the success of artificial skin substitution in early stages. We believe that measurement of mentioned categories may be used as guidelines for evaluating efficiency of the artificial skin substitution.ope

    The Trends of Eradication of Illiteracy and Illumination Policy from the Age of EMRT(Enlightenment of Modem Recent Times) to the 1960s.

    No full text
    The purpose of this report is to investigate the trends of Eradication of illiteracy and illumination Policy(or Campaign) from the age of EMRT to the 1960's in Korea. The policy of illiteracy Eradication(or Campaign) was included by the policy of illumination. illumination meaned many types campaign, that is illiteracy eradication, reform of consciousness and PH of national policy. But I didn't distinguish from two policies, because the spread of literacy meaned the basic of illumination.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2002๋…„๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: KRF-2002-073-AM1046)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2004๋…„ 4์›” 24์ผ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ฃผ์ตœ ์ „๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค

    Korean Problems & The Trends of Campaign In The Enlightenment of Modern Recent Times

    No full text
    This paper dealed with Korean problems of Enlightenment of Modern Recent Times (EMRT: 1880 ~ 1910) and the trend of the Campaign. Language planning and standardization is conducted by governments, But Korea Government douldn't that problems in the Modern recent times, So many forerunners dealed with identification of Korean, the rules of spelling and other language problems. So I locked for the process of awareness to Korean and the aspects of various Korean problems. The results of this paper as follows; (1) In this times(EMRT), Korean forerunners understood the identification of Korean letter than Chinese letter(ํ•œ๋ฌธ). This means changed of point of view to Korean. They were realized the difference of spoken language and written language. (2) In this times(EMRT), Korean researchers were concerned about pratical problems and enlightenment of Korean people. (3) They were studied Korean alphabet, and they were awared phonological variations. Yu Kil-jun(์œ ๊ธธ์ค€) wrote the phonological change as 'Mong-su(๋ชฝ์ˆ˜)'. Ju Shi-gyeong(์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒฝ) searched for the rules of phonological change. The researches were based on the rules of Korean Spelling(ํ•œ๊ธ€๋งž์ถค๋ฒ•) I think this period researches were limited to solved much Korean problems. But the orign of many Korean policy were forerunneres in this times.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ(KRF-2002-073-AM1046)

    ๋‹จ์ผ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ MAP Kinase ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2011.8. ๋ฐ•์ƒํ˜„.Docto

    Justifiability of Minimum Voting Age

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€(์ •์น˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์†ก์ง€์šฐ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋ น ์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋กค์ฆˆ์˜ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ ์‹คํ•จ์„ ๋…ผ์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ •์˜์˜ ์›์น™์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋กค์ฆˆ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ณ€์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กค์ฆˆ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋กค์ฆˆ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ณ€์€ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์—, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ๋Š” 1) ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ •์น˜์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ , 2) ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„์  ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.Can minimum voting age be justified? Under a lower limit on voting age, a person can cast a vote if and only if he has passed the limit. Then, is minimum voting age justifiable for all persons including persons who havent passed the limit? This article shows that minimum voting age is conditionally justifiable. This article consists of three parts. First, I show that the original position of Rawls is a suitable methodology for analyzing the justifiability of minimum voting age. The parties in the original position build basic structures of society and principles of justice without any knowledge about their natural-social properties and circumstances of the society. Therefore, if the parties in the original position select minimum voting age, minimum voting age would be justifiable from the perspectives of all persons. Then, through the original position, we can analyze whether minimum voting age is justifiable for all persons. Second, I supplement Rawls argument for minimum voting age. Based on the reasons relevant to rationality, Rawls argued that the parties in the original position would select minimum voting age. However, this argument is problematic because the considerations and judgment rules of the parties in the original position are too limited. For that reason, I complement the considerations and judgment rules of the parties in the original position. Third, based on the additional considerations and judgment rules, I draw necessary conditions for the distribution of political liberty to be justified. Minimum voting age can be selected by the parties in the original position only if 1) every persons interests are considered sufficiently and equally in the political decision and 2) every person has institutional means to participate in the decision. In that sense, minimum voting age is conditionally justifiable.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋…ผ์˜ 1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ์š”์•ฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ 5 1. ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • 6 2. ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ 7 3. ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•จ์˜ 8 4. ์›์ดˆ์  ์ž…์žฅ๊ณผ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ 11 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์Ÿ์  14 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ 15 1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์„ฑ 15 2. ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋‹นํ™” 19 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 23 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๋ณด์™„ 28 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์›์น™ ๋ณด์ถฉ 28 1. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์›์น™ 33 2. ์กด์ค‘ ์›์น™ 35 3. ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์›์น™๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์›์น™ 37 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ: ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ •๋ฆฌ 40 1. ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ 40 2. ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์™„ํ™”์˜ ํŽธ์ต๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ 42 3. ๋…ผ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ: ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ณด์ถฉ 47 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 51 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์กฐ๊ฑด 53 1. ์›์น™ ์ค€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด 54 2. ์ข…ํ•ฉ: ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ •์‹ํ™” 63 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—ฐ๋ น์ œ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 64 1. ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  65 2. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† : ํ˜„๋Šฅ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ 75 3. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ: ์ฐธ์—ฌ์  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ 80 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  91 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 93 Abstract 100์„

    The Characteristics of hospital trade union movement in the late 1990s

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌํšŒํ•™๊ณผ,2000.Docto
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore