A Study on Measures for Advancement of Maritime Criminal Investigation

By the revision on Government Organization Act on July 2017, Korea Coast Guard had been restored, and started to hold the authority of police administration on maritime affairs; its authority had been expanded from criminal investigation on the ‘sea’ to ‘maritime affairs’; during the government re-organization, two-hundred investigators and budget for criminal investigation were transferred from Korean National Police Agency to the Korea Coast Guard which formed the Coast Guard as independent sub-body organization of MOF as in the past. However, in order to restore criminal investigation function, the Coast Guard had been, filling on-scene investigators by having three stages internal recruitment ; however, the Coast Guard is going through the period of having urgent need for developing professionalism on criminal investigation due to the downfall caused by new investigators, recruited internally, without rich experience in such field. Also, recent incidents in the maritime have continued to increase. Therefore, it became issue raised during a parliamentary audit by National Assembly due to insufficient working conditions on maritime scientific investigation. As the maritime incidents have been risen, the importance on many types of identification has been getting dramatically increased; however, there are not enough basic supporting elements such as the working force, budget, and equipments. Maritime crimes is a sensitive field which could lead diplomatic conflicts; this is the reason why the importance has been getting being divided into specialized kinds. However, maritime investigation has not yet formed its professionalism. Moreover, foreigners’ visitation to Jeju island peaked 50,0000 arrivals per year on average; among those arrivals illegal immigrants are estimated 12,000. Most of them are supposed to have defected to move to the homeland without permission, and they are estimated to often leave Jeju Island without permission through small fishery ports or other waters rather than airports where the identification process is tricky. However, it is not vigorous that the illegal immigration through waters has being uncovered by the Coast Guard, so I think it is essential that the Coast Guard improve its investigative capabilities. In addition, the adjustment of investigation authority between the Police and Prosecutor is under processing as the national major policy, so that the Coast Guard must revise criminal investigation system and professionalism on criminal investigation from the point of civilians’ views. Moreover, in order to recruit investigators with expertise in the field of maritime crime investigation, there should be extraordinary reorganization on investigation system and human resource management with the reflection on the characteristics of the Coast Guard. In order to proceed on the reformation, this study describes the significance of the Coast Guard’s investigators’ability, and its profile and special judicial police officer in maritime affairs, other countries’ cases from released studies(on‧off-line) then remarks the argument for, different from special judicial police officer, how Korea Coast Guard must hold general investigation authority and proceed on investigation duty. The ways to develop professionalism in criminal investigation by Korea Coast Guard are, first, to increase the number of officers specialization in criminal investigation, and the authority of such recruitment gets transferred to regional head quarters. Secondly, to increase the number of professional investigators by having professional investigator authentication system, then authentic investigators should be given opportunities such as internal training, commissioned training, and incentives. Third, under the investigation rating system, in order to proceed on the operation of professional investigation training and investigation command ability evaluation, establishment of a training institution for maritime crime investigation is necessary. Forth, to improve the information exchange and interaction between international organizations in transnational crime field in this global society and revise foreign affairs investigation department and increase the number of investigators in the field. Finally, to develop scientific investigation field specialized in maritime characteristics such as maritime digital forensic, underwater-identification which only can be professionally performed by the Coast Guards.제 1 장 서 론 1 1.1 연구의 배경 1 1.2 연구의 목적 3 1.3 연구의 방법 6 1.4 연구의 활용 및 기대효과 7 제 2 장 해양범죄와 해양경찰의 수사 9 2.1 해양범죄의 개관 9 2.1.1 해양범죄의 정의 9 2.1.2 해양범죄의 특징 11 2.2 해양경찰청 수사기능의 개관 18 2.2.1 해양경찰 수사의 연혁 18 2.2.2 해양경찰 수사기관 21 2.3 해양경찰기관의 수사내용 비교 29 2.3.1 해양경찰청 수사통계 29 2.3.2 일본 해상보안청 수사통계 34 2.3.3 한국과 일본의 해양경찰기관 수사통계 비교 43 제 3 장 국내외 해양범죄 수사기관 비교 49 3.1 해양범죄 수사기관으로서 해양경찰청 49 3.1.1 해양경찰의 개념 49 3.1.2 해양범죄 수사의 관할 62 3.2 해양 분야 특별사법경찰관리 75 3.3 외국의 해양범죄 수사기관 90 3.3.1 일본 해상보안청 90 3.3.2 미국 해안경비대 102 3.4 국내외 해양범죄 수사기관의 비교를 통한 시사점 108 제 4 장 해양경찰청의 해양범죄 수사기능 분석 122 4.1 해양경찰 수사전문가 대상 심층면접 122 4.2 해양경찰 수사담당자 대상 수사경과제 설문 128 4.3 SWOT 분석을 통한 해양경찰 수사환경 131 4.3.1 외부환경분석 131 4.3.2 내부환경분석 132 4.3.3 전략대안의 도출 133 4.4 해양경찰 수사의 실태 및 문제점 136 4.4.1 해양범죄 수사기관으로의 전문성 부족 136 4.4.2 국제해양범죄 수사력의 한계 137 4.4.3 형식적인 수사경과제 운영 138 4.4.4 전문수사관 인증제 운영 미흡 142 4.4.5 수사교육의 인력 부족 144 4.4.6 전문적 수사교육시스템 부재 145 4.4.7 해양범죄 과학수사에 대한 대비의 미흡 146 제 5 장 해양범죄수사의 고도화 방안 148 5.1 해양범죄 수사기관으로서 해양경찰 수사기능의 조직화 149 5.1.1 해양경찰 수사경과제의 개선 및 정착화 149 5.1.2 국제형사조직의 설치 및 수사기능의 강화 152 5.2 해양범죄 수사인력의 전문성 제고 155 5.2.1 해양범죄 관련 전문수사관 인증제 활성화 155 5.2.2 해양경찰 수사교육시스템 개선 157 5.2.3 해양범죄수사 전문교육기관 신설 160 5.3 해양범죄 수사기법의 기술적 향상 161 5.3.1 해양범죄 대상 과학수사 역량 강화 161 5.3.2 해양범죄 관련 정보수집의 활성화 및 공조 164 제 6 장 결 론 166 참고문헌 (bold) 171Docto

Effects of repetitive hypoxia and reoxygenation on the release of EDRF

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 흉부외과학전공,1997.Docto

GPS / GLONASS 4-소자 배열 안테나 설계

학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 산업대학원 :정보전자공학과,2008. 2본 논문에서는 위성항법 수신장치에 적용 가능한 배열 안테나에 대하여 연구하였다. 배열 안테나 소자는 비행체 탑재가 가능한 크기를 고려해 4-소자 배열 안테나를 사용하였고 안테나 소자의 대역폭은 43 MHz로 설계하였다. 안테나 레이돔을 포함한 전체 배열 안테나 크기는 150 * 150 * 40 mm이고 배열 안테나의 단일소자 크기는 40 * 40 * 2.5 mm 이다. 배열 안테나는 배열 간격이 0.5λ 이격된 구조와 0.38λ 이격된 두 가지 배열 안테나를 설계하여 GPS L1/L2, Glonass L1에서 동작하는 다중대역 배열 안테나 특성을 시험하였다. 배열 간격에 따른 복사패턴 및 반사손실, 안테나 소자의 위상과 안테나 소자 간 상호결합(mutual coupling) 영향을 분석한 결과 GPS L1/L2, Glonass L1 대역에서 적용 가능한 시험 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 배열 안테나 시험은 전파무반사실에서 배열 안테나의 복사패턴을 측정하였으며 시뮬레이션한 결과와 실제 측정한 결과의 비교 분석을 통하여 GPS L1/L2, Glonass L1 대역의 배열 안테나 결과를 기술하였다.제１장 서론 = 2 제２장 위성항법의 기본 이론 = 5 제１절 GNSS 기술동향 = 5 제２절 위성항법 신호 특성 = 7 제１항 C/A (Coarse Acquisition)-code = 8 제２항 P (Precise)-code = 9 제３항 항법 데이터 = 10 제３절 위성항법 수신 신호전력 = 12 제４절 신호처리이득 (Signal Processing Gain) = 15 제３장 배열 안테나 설계 = 17 제１절 원편파 안테나 개요 = 17 제２절 배열 안테나 설계 기술 분석 = 18 제３절 유전체 기판 선정 = 19 제４절 단일소자 안테나 설계 = 20 제１항 GPS L1 / GLONASS L1 단일소자 = 21 제２항 GPS L2CS 단일소자 = 22 제５절 4-소자 배열 안테나 설계 = 23 제１항 반파장 (0.5λ) GPS L1/GLONASS 배열 안테나 설계 = 28 제２항 반파장 (0.5λ) GPS L2CS 배열 안테나 설계 = 31 제３항 mini (0.38λ) 배열 안테나 설계 = 33 제６절 4-소자 배열 안테나 제작 및 측정 = 35 제１항 시험평가 방법 = 35 제２항 반파장 (0.5λ) 4-소자 배열 안테나 측정 결과 = 38 제３항 mini (0.38λ) 4-소자 배열 안테나 측정 결과 = 41 제４항 배열 안테나 제작사진 = 44 제５항 위성신호 수신 통신시험 결과 = 46 제４장 비교 및 분석 = 48 제１절 배열 안테나 상호결합 특성 분석 = 48 제２절 4-소자배열 안테나 복사패턴 특성 분석 = 49 제３절 배열 안테나 널 형성 및 빔 형성 특성 모의시험 = 51 제５장 결론 = 53 참고문헌 = 54 Abstract = 56MasterToday, the interfering signal of global positioning system has become very much important at applications to the air vehicle. The paper has examined designs and production of 4-element array antenna by using micro strip patch antenna element that has a layered structure for the band of GPS and Glonass. Both half-wave (0.5λ) array antenna structure and mini (0.31λ) array antenna structure have been designed and produced to simulate null introducing formation as well as beam formation and to investigate characteristics of the radiation pattern

Challenges and progress of clinical education in Korea

Patient consumerism, government regulations, health financial imperatives, litigation, the explosion of medical knowledge, and rapid technical advancements are among the challenges threatening the environment of clinical education. Moreover, in Korea, there has been an uncontrolled trend toward every doctor being a specialist, which causes not only the medical service system to be highly consuming but also the effective clinical education for primary care competency to become compromised. The competency-based clinical curriculum of the undergraduate urgently needs refinement and it must be connected to the post-graduate medical education and continuous professional development programs. The essential competencies should encompass communication, collaboration, management, social accountability, professionalism, and education, as well as patient care. We should apply the adult-learning pedagogy to the clinical teaching and assessment in terms of requiring minimal outcomes for primary care physicians, self-study using mobile information applications, portfolios with reflection, one-on-one preceptors with microteaching skills, inter- and multi- professional education, performance assessment, simulation-based education, workplace-based evaluation, and so on. Coming to a national consensus of supporting and advancing clinical education is critical for the purpose of meeting the medico-health welfare challenges of the super-aged society coming in the near future. © Korean Medical Association

Hypoxia-induced EDNO release is further augmented by previous hypoxia and reoxygenation in rabbit aortic endothelium

The present study was designed: (1) to determine whether or not hypoxia stimulates the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) from endothelial cells, and (2) to examine whether or not the hypoxia-induced EDRFs release is further augmented by pervious hypoxia-reoxygenation, using bioassay system. In the bioasssay experiment, rabbit aorta with endothelium was used as EDRFs donor vessel and rabbit carotid artery without endothelium as a bioassay test ring. The test ring was contracted by prostaglandin F(2a) (3X10-6 M/L), which was added to the solution perfusing through the aortic segment. Hypoxia was evoked by switching the solution aerated with 95% O2/5% CO2 mixed gas to one aerated with 95 N2/5% CO2 mixed gas. When the contraction induced by prostaglandin F(2a) reached a steady state, the solution was exchanged for hypoxic one. And then, hypoxia and reoxygenation were interchanged at intervals of 2 minutes (intermittent hypoxi). The endothelial cells were also exposed to single 10-minute hypoxia (continuous hypoxia). When the bioassay ring was superfused with the perfusate through intact aorta, hypoxia relaxed the precontracted bioassay test ring markedly. Whereas, when bioassay ring was superfused with the perfusate through denuded aorta or polyethylene tubing, hypoxia relaxed the precontracted ring slightly. The relaxation was not inhibited by indomethacin but by nitro-L- arginine or methylene blue. The hypoxia-induced relaxation was further augmented by previous hypoxia-reoxygenation and the magnitude of the relaxation by intermittent hypoxia was significantly greater than that of the relaxation by continuous hypoxia. The results suggest that hypoxia stimulates EDNO release from endothelial cells and that the hypoxia-induced EDNO release is further augmented by previous hypoxia-reoxygenation

An experimental comparison of rater performance on an SP-based clinical skills exam

Background: Research has provided only limited information regarding how best to structure rater training and the best rating formats for a standardized-patient (SP) based assessment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of rater discussions as an expert rater training method and to compare the expert's rating of recorded video performances with real-time SP ratings on both a global and checklist evaluation instrument. Methods: We implemented an experimental study of a discussion-based expert rater training method to compare generalizability and interrater reliability of trained experts, untrained experts, and SP raters in a 4th-year clinical skills exam. Results: In terms of reliability, SP raters did as well as expert raters on the checklist and better than expert raters on global ratings. For the expert raters, training via a discussion method did not significantly improve the reliability of checklist ratings or global ratings. Within the experts groups, those with checklists performed better than those with global ratings. Conclusions: For SP-based exams designed to assess basic clinical skills, SP ratings appear to perform as well or better than expert ratings. Discussion-based expert training yielded no improvements in expert rater performance, and expert checklist scores generated more reliable results than the expert global rating scores. Copyright © 2006 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc

Pediatric cardiac surgery with echocardiographic diagnosis alone.

The diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography alone and the safety of cardiac surgery using this diagnostic approach were retrospectively assessed in 111 children operated for congenital heart defects (CHD) during a 3.5-yr period ending in October 2001. Preoperative diagnosis was compared with the intraoperative findings obtained by surgical inspection. Perioperative death was defined as death within 30 days postoperatively. Of the patients, 70% were operated on in infancy. Seventy-six percent (84 of 111) underwent surgery after echocardiographic diagnosis alone. A high percentage of patients with patent ductus arteriosus (100%), partial atrioventricular canal (100%), coarctation of the aorta (89%), ventricular septal defect (86%), atrial septal defect (85%), and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (75%) was operated without prior catheterization. Diagnostic errors occurred in 2.4% (2 of 84) of patients with echocardiography only and in 7.4% of patients with catheterization. No error in either group was related to surgical morbidity or mortality. There were five (6.0%) perioperative deaths in the echocardiography group and two (7.4%) in the catheterization group, with no difference in the mortality between the groups. In conclusion, many patients with CHD can be accurately diagnosed by echocardiography alone, and can safely undergo surgery without catheterization, not increasing the overall risk

Doppler flow velocity measurement to assess changes in inotropy and afterload: A study in healthy dogs

Myocardial contractility and afterload are important factors for adequate circulation. To noninvasively assess changes in inotropy and afterload, ascending aortic blood flow was measured by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography before and after the administration of an inotrope and a vasodilator in eight open chest dogs. Data were collected in the baseline, at three different doses of epinephrine (0.1, 0.5, and 1 μg/kg/min) and nitroprusside (1, 4, and 8 μg/kg/min) administration, and after a simultaneous infusion of both drugs in various combinations. Epinephrine infusion caused increases in peak velocity (PV), mean acceleration (MA), velocity time integral (VTI), and minute distance without a significant change in afterload. Acceleration time (AT) and ejection time (ET) showed a slight tendency to decrease with an increase in inotropy, but with no significance. Nitroprusside infusion produced dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure and index of systemic vascular resistance (ISVR), which was associated with increases in PV, MA, and minute distance, and with a decrease in AT. The combined infusion of nitroprusside and epinephrine, unless ISVR was elevated, produced synergistic effects on PV, MA, VTI, and minute distance. However, these Doppler parameters tended to diminish with an elevation in afterload. ISVR obtained during nitroprusside infusion had a better correlation with both PV and MA than with VTI or the Doppler time intervals. Our study suggests that Doppler measurement of aortic blood flow velocity and acceleration can be used for the noninvasive assessment of changes in inotropy and afterload

Early result of arteriovenous graft with deep forearm veins as an outflow in hemodialysis patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of arteriovenous (A-V) grafting with the deep forearm veins as an outflow system in hemodialysis patients. Between June 1999 and July 2001, 27 A-V grafts consisting of ePTFE and deep forearm veins were constructed in 26 patients. All patients followed up for assessment of all relevant values, and the median follow-up period was 17.3 months. Seven grafts (26%) failed during the follow-up. The patency rates were 93% and 80% at 3 months and 12 months, respectively. No difference in patency rate was found between males and females, or between diabetics and nondiabetics. Graft-related complications, excluding graft thrombosis, occurred in five patients. These included operative wound dehiscence in two cases, a graft infection, a seroma, and a mild hypoperfusion in the hand. We conclude that the early patency rate of A-V graft using the forearm deep veins as an outflow system is very good and that this technique may be a recommended surgical modality for vascular access in patients with exhausted superficial veins

Right ventricular outflow patch reconstruction for repair of double-outlet left ventricle

Double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is conventionally repaired with an extracardiac conduit when pulmonary stenosis is present. We report a case of surgical repair for DOLV with severe pulmonary stenosis where the right ventricular outflow tract was established using a vascular graft patch anteriorly after constructing the posterior wall with autologous tissue. This approach provides excellent hemodynamic repair without the use of an extracardiac conduit and has the major advantage of growth potential. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC