9 research outputs found

    ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ถ”์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ๊น€ํ˜ธ.Background: To evaluate the natural history of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMN) of the pancreas under surveillance and to recommend optimal follow up intervals and duration. Methods: We included only patients whose imaging studies showed classical features of BD-IPMN, and conducted follow-up periods of at least 3 years. We reviewed radiologic and pathologic findings, and performed linear and binary logistic regressions to estimate cyst growth. Results: We identified 1,369 patients diagnosed with BD-IPMN. The median annual growth rate of the cyst was 0.6 mm over a median follow-up time of 61 months. During surveillance, 46 patients (3.4%) underwent surgery due to disease progression after a median follow-up time (in this group) of 62 months. Worrisome features were observed in 171 patients (12.5%) during surveillance, including cyst size >3 cm (n=47, 3.4%), cyst wall thickening (n=51, 3.7%), main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation (n=78, 5.7%) and mural nodule (n=43, 3.1%). Along with annual cyst growth rate, incidences of MPD dilatation, cyst wall thickening and mural nodules were related to initial sizes of cysts at detection (P<0.001). Conclusion: Most BD-IPMN appear indolent, but some exhibit rapid growth and progression. Therefore, surveillance protocols should be individualized with regards to the natural history of BD-IPMNs focusing on initial cyst size and growth rate.1. Introduction --------------------------- 1 2. Materials & Methods ------------------ 2 3. Results --------------------------- 6 4. Discussion --------------------------- 15 5. References --------------------------- 22Maste

    ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„ GPS ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ฐ€์‹œ์œ„์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ • ์ •ํ™•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ GPS ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์™€ MEMS๊ธ‰ IMU, B-CDMA ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜ ์ถ” ์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ ์œ„์„ฑ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” RGPS ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— GPS/INS ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํ•ญ๋ฒ• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ RGPS ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ GPS/INS ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ญ๋ฒ• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Position Integration Filter ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ค ํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜, ์ƒ๋Œ€์†๋„ ์ถ” ์ • ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.In this paper, we present relative positioning algorithm for moving land vehicle using GPS, MEMS IMU and B-CDMA module. This algorithm does not calculate precise absolute position but calculates relative position directly, so additional infrastructure and I2V communication device are not required. Proposed algorithm has several steps. Firstly, unbiased relative position is calculated using pseudorange difference between two vehicles. Simultaneously, the algorithm estimates position of each vehicle using GPS/INS integration. Secondly, proposed algorithm performs filtering and finally estimates relative position and relative velocity. Using proposed algorithm, we can obtain more precise relative position for moving land vehicles with short time interval as IMU sensor has. The simulation is performed to evaluate this algorithm and the several field tests are performed with real time program and miniature vehicles for verifying performance of proposed algorithm.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000003405/9SEQ:9PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000003405ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A000360DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:05 ํ•œ์˜๋ฏผ(927~934).pdfDEPT_NM:๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋žต

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ž„์ƒ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ์žฅ์ง„์˜.Background: With increasing detection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas, a tailored approach is needed based on natural history. We explored the natural history of IPMN and suggest optimal treatment based on malignancy risk using nomogram and Markov decision model. Methods: The patients were included whose imaging studies showed classical features of IPMN, and conducted follow-up periods of at least 2 years or underwent surgery. The radiologic and pathologic findings were reviewed, and performed linear and binary logistic regressions to estimate change of worrisome features. Using IPMN cohort data and review of publication data over the past 10 years, we calculated transitional probabilities and life expectancy to build a Markov model to suggest optimal treatment strategy based on natural history. Results: The 2,006 patients diagnosed as IPMN with mean age of 63.8 years and male to female ratio of 1:.0.89. Of a total of 2,006 patient, 1773 (88.4%) were branch duct type, 81 (4.0%) were main duct type and 152 (7.6%) were mixed type IPMN at initial diagnosis. The median follow-up duration was 50 months, and malignancy rate was 9.7% (n=193). In the surveillance group, a total of 370 new worrisome features were detected during follow-up. At the end of surveillance, 147 (9.5%) cysts > 3 cm, 60 (3.9%) thickened cyst walls, 67 (4.3%) MPD over 5mm, 55 (3.5%) newly developed mural nodules, 79 (5.1%) elevated CA 19-9, and 112 (7.2%) rapid growth of cyst were found. The cumulative risk of developing worrisome feature was 19.0% at 5 years follow-up and 35.0% at 10 years follow-up. The progression of malignancy rate for main and mixed type IPMN was 79.9% at 10 year follow-up and 5.9% of BD-IPMN. Decision model recommended surgical resection was the dominant strategy to maximize overall survival and quality adjusted life year for patients under 75 years old with over 10% of malignancy rate. Once age exceed 75 years, surveillance was recommended. Conclusion: Although most IPMNs are indolent and dormant, cysts with worrisome features show unusually higher rate of development of malignant signs (27.8% at 10 year follow-up). The decision model based on nomogram suggests operation rather than surveillance for patients less than age 75 years especially with high malignancy risk. However, optimal treatment strategy between operation and surveillance should be carefully considered based on patients health status and initial cyst feature.๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ: ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜์ž๋ณ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์•…์„ฑ๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: 2001๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ถ”์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 2๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์™€ ์ถ”์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ›„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ worrisome feature์™€ high risk stigmata์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์•…์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅ ์„ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•…์„ฑํ™”์˜ˆ์ธก ๋…ธ๋ชจ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„์  ์•…์„ฑํ™”์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข… ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ 10๋…„ ๋‚ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ดํ™•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์—ฌ๋ช…, ์งˆ๋ณด์ •์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Markov model์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: 10,614๋ช…์˜ ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข… ์˜์‹ฌ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘, ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ง„ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์ƒํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” 2,006๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” 63.8์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚จ๋…€๋น„์œจ์€ 1:0.89์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 1,773(88.4%)์ด ๋ถ€์ทŒ๊ด€ํ˜•์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 81(4.0%)๋ช…์€ ์ฃผ์ทŒ๊ด€ํ˜•, 152(7.6%)๋ช…์€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ˜•์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์œ„๊ฐ’์€ 50๊ฐœ์›”, ์•…์„ฑ๋„๋Š” 9.7% (n=194)์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ 5๋…„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ 19.0%, 10๋…„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ 35.0%์˜€๋‹ค. ์ทŒ๊ด€ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…์„ฑ๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ์ทŒ๊ด€ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ˜•์—์„œ 10๋…„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ 79.9%, ๋ถ€์ทŒ๊ด€ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 5.9%๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ชจ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์•…์„ฑํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋Š” ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…์„ฑ๋„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์•…์„ฑํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 75์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ, 35%์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•…์„ฑ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณด์ •์—ฌ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค(65์„ธ๋ฏธ๋งŒ 35%์ด์ƒ ์•…์„ฑ๋„๊ตฐ- ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์—ฌ๋ช…: ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๊ด€์ฐฐ(12.61๋…„ ๋Œ€ 5.79๋…„), ์งˆ๋ณด์ •์—ฌ๋ช…: ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๊ด€์ฐฐ(11.10๋…„ ๋Œ€ 5.31๋…„), 75์„ธ๋ฏธ๋งŒ 35%์ด์ƒ ์•…์„ฑ๋„๊ตฐ- ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์—ฌ๋ช…: ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๊ด€์ฐฐ(8.65๋…„ ๋Œ€ 6.96๋…„), ์งˆ๋ณด์ •์—ฌ๋ช…: ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๊ด€์ฐฐ(8.14๋…„ ๋Œ€ 6.84๋…„)). ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์ฃผ์ทŒ๊ด€ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ˜• ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์ด ์•…์„ฑํ™” ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด (79.9%), ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„์ง€ํ˜• ์ทŒ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋‘์ƒ์ ์•ก์ข…์ด ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•…์„ฑํ™”์œจ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(5.9%). ๋…ธ๋ชจ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ชจ๋ธ์ด 75์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋†’์€ ์•…์„ฑ๋„(35%์ด์ƒ)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์‹œ์˜ ๋‚ญ์ข… ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.I.Introduction 1 II.Materials&Methods 2 III.Results 5 IV.Discussion 9 V.References 16Docto

    Relative Position Estimation of Miniature Vehicles using GPS/MEMS IMU

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2012. 2. ๊ธฐ์ฐฝ๋ˆ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ GPS ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์™€ MEMS๊ธ‰ IMU, B-CDMA ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ ์œ„์„ฑ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋ถˆ์ด์น˜ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” RGPS ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— GPS/INS ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ญ๋ฒ• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ RGPS ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ GPS/INS ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ญ๋ฒ• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Position Integration Filter ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜, ์ƒ๋Œ€์†๋„ ์ถ”์ • ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‹จ์ผํ•ญ๋ฒ•ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์•ฝ 80% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 10๋ฐฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๋Œ ํšŒํ”ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(CAS)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํŽธ๋Œ€ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.Recently, there are many studies and projects on relative positioning using GPS for collision avoidance system or collision warning system. One approach for obtain precise relative position is using precise absolute position of each vehicle such as DGPS, GPS-RTK. However, applying DGPS(or GPS-RTK) based on moving land vehicle needs additional infrastructure, infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication device for calculating and broadcasting error correction data. So implementation is difficult and occasions great expense In this paper, we present relative positioning algorithm for moving land vehicle using GPS, MEMS IMU and B-CDMA module. This algorithm does not calculate precise absolute position but calculates relative position directly, so additional infrastructure and I2V communication device are not required. Proposed algorithm has several steps. Firstly, unbiased relative position is calculated using pseudorange difference between two vehicles. Simultaneously, the algorithm estimates position of each vehicle using GPS/INS integration. Secondly, proposed algorithm performs filtering and finally estimates relative position and relative velocity Using proposed algorithm, we can obtain more precise relative position for moving land vehicles with short time interval as IMU sensor has. The simulation is performed to evaluate this algorithm and the several field tests are performed with real time program and miniature vehicles for verifying performance of proposed algorithm.Maste

    Family migration decisions : the effects of family factors on migration and the effects of migration on married women

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    Thesis(masters) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€(๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ „๊ณต),2009.8.Maste

    An Experimental study on the atomization characteristics and the droplet-flow interaction of dual-orifice fuel injector in a gas turbien combustor

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Docto
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