53 research outputs found
The effect of levodopa on bilateral coordination and gait asymmetry in Parkinson's disease using inertial sensor
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of levodopa on the phase coordination index (PCI) and gait asymmetry (GA) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to investigate correlations between the severity of motor symptoms and gait parameters measured using an inertial sensor. Twenty-six patients with mild-to-moderate-stage PD who were taking levodopa participated in this study. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) was used to assess the severity of motor impairment. The Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty (PIGD) subscore was calculated from UPDRS III. Patients were assessed while walking a 20-m corridor in both "OFF" and "ON" levodopa medication states, and gait analysis was performed using inertial sensors. We investigated the changes in gait parameters after taking levodopa and the correlations between UPDRS III, PIGD, and gait parameters. There was a significant improvement in PCI after taking levodopa. No significant effect of levodopa on GA was found. In "OFF" state, PCI and GA were not correlated with UPDRS III and PIGD. However, in "ON" state, PCI was the only gait parameter correlating with UPDRS III, and it was also highly correlated with PIGD compared to other gait parameters. Significant improvement in bilateral-phase coordination was identified in patients with PD after taking levodopa, without significant change in gait symmetricity. Considering the high correlation with UDPRS III and PIGD in "ON" states, PCI may be a useful and quantitative parameter to measure the severity of motor symptoms in PD patients who are on medication.ope
APKASS Consensus Statement on Chronic Syndesmosis Injury, Part 1: Clinical Manifestation, Radiologic Examination, Diagnosis Criteria, Classification, and Nonoperative Treatment
Background: Clinical manifestation, radiologic examination, diagnostic criteria, classification, and nonoperative treatment strategies regarding chronic syndesmosis injury remain unclear.
Purpose: An international group of experts representing the fields of sports injuries in the foot and ankle area were invited to collaboratively advance toward consensus opinions based on the best available evidence regarding chronic syndesmosis injuries. All were members of the Asia-Pacific Knee, Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Society (APKASS).
Study design: Consensus statement.
Methods: From November to December 2020, a total of 111 international experts on sports medicine or ankle surgery participated in a 2-stage Delphi process that included an anonymous online survey and an online meeting. A total of 13 items with 38 statements were drafted by 13 core authors. Of these, 4 items with 15 clinical questions and statements were related to the clinical manifestation, radiologic examination, diagnostic criteria, classification, and nonoperative treatment strategies for chronic syndesmosis injury and are presented here. Each statement was individually presented and discussed, followed by a general vote. The strength of consensus was characterized as follows: consensus, 51% to 74%; strong consensus, 75% to 99%; unanimous, 100%.
Results: Of the 15 questions and statements, 5 reached unanimous support and 10 achieved strong consensus.
Conclusion: This APKASS consensus statement, developed by international experts in the field, will assist surgeons and physical therapists with diagnosis, classification, and nonoperative treatment strategies for chronic syndesmosis injury.ope
APKASS Consensus Statement on Chronic Syndesmosis Injury, Part 2: Indications for Surgical Treatment, Arthroscopic or Open Debridement, and Reconstruction Techniques of Suture Button and Screw Fixation
Background: The indications for surgical treatment of chronic syndesmosis injury are challenging for many orthopaedic clinicians, as there is no international consensus on the optimal management of these injuries.
Purpose: An international group of experts representing the field of sports injuries in the foot and ankle area was invited to collaboratively advance toward consensus opinions based on the best available evidence regarding chronic syndesmosis injury. All were members of the Asia-Pacific Knee, Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Society (APKASS).
Study design: Consensus statement.
Methods: From November to December 2020, a total of 111 international experts on sports medicine or ankle surgery participated in a 2-stage Delphi process that included an anonymous online survey and an online meeting. A total of 13 items with 38 statements were drafted by 13 core authors. Of these, 9 items with 17 clinical questions and statements were related to indications for surgical treatment, arthroscopic versus open debridement, and suture button versus screw fixation reconstruction techniques and are presented here. Each statement was individually presented and discussed, followed by a general vote. The strength of consensus was characterized as follows: consensus, 51% to 74%; strong consensus, 75% to 99%; and unanimous, 100%.
Results: Of the 17 questions and statements, 4 achieved unanimous support, 11 reached strong consensus, and 2 reached consensus.
Conclusion: This APKASS consensus statement, developed by international experts in the field, will assist surgeons and physical therapists with surgical indications and techniques for chronic syndesmosis injury.ope
APKASS Consensus Statement on Chronic Syndesmosis Injury, Part 3: Fusion Techniques, Comorbidity Treatments, Postoperative Rehabilitation, and Return-to-Sport Indications
Background: Questions regarding surgical fusion techniques, postoperative treatment, and indications for return to sport after chronic syndesmosis injury or its comorbidities remain unanswered.
Purpose: An international group of experts representing the field of injuries in the foot and ankle area was invited to collaboratively advance toward consensus opinions based on the best available evidence regarding chronic syndesmosis injury. All were members of the Asia-Pacific Knee, Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Society (APKASS).
Study design: Consensus statement.
Methods: From November to December 2020, a total of 111 international experts on sports medicine or ankle surgery participated in a 2-stage Delphi process that included an anonymous online survey and an online meeting. A total of 13 items with 38 statements were drafted by 13 core authors. Of these, 4 items with 6 clinical questions and statements were related to surgical fusion techniques, comorbidity treatments, postoperative rehabilitation, and return-to-sports indications and are presented here. Each statement was individually presented and discussed, followed by a general vote. The strength of consensus was characterized as follows: consensus, 51% to 74%; strong consensus, 75% to 99%; and unanimous, 100%.
Results: Of the 6 questions and statements, 5 achieved unanimous support and 1 reached strong consensus.
Conclusion: This APKASS consensus statement, developed by international experts in the field, will assist surgeons and physical therapists with surgical and postoperative treatment strategies for chronic syndesmosis injury.ope
The Indication of Ankle Lateral Ligament Reconstruction Using Tendon Graft in Chronic Ankle Instability
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to review the indications of ankle lateral complex reconstruction using tendon graft.
Materials and Methods : We searched PubMed using the index, ""ankle, instability, lateral ligament, reconstruction"" from 1990 to present (September 30, 2015). We excluded 1) modified Br?strom operation (MBO), 2) conventional tenodesis surgery, 3) review article, 4) technical note, and 5) articles written in another foreign language. We reviewed 24 papers through the publication events, operational method, the indications of surgery, and the specific features of the patient group.
Results : There were the indications of 1) previous ligament surgery failure, 2) situation when ligament repair is impossible due to the ligament defect, 3) severe instability (preoperative talar tilt >15ยฐ, anterior draw >10 mm or the difference of contralateral side talar tilt >5ยฐ, anterior draw >3 mm), and 4) overweight (body mass index >30 kg/m2). Other considerations included 1) generalized joint laxity and 2) workers, highly-demanded or athlete highly-affected by instability.
Conclusion : The ankle lateral complex reconstruction using tendon graft could be indicated in patients with the possibility of MBO failure with several considerations.ope
Preventing SMishing Attack Using Fake User Information Based on Common Behavior of Phishing Websites
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ ๊ธฐยท์ปดํจํฐ๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2014. 2. ์กฐ์ ๊ทผ.์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ ํผ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ํ ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ์ค๋งํธํฐ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ์ทจํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์์ก๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฑ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ์ ์ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์
ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ค. URL์ด ํฌํจ๋ ๋ฉ์์ง๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ฅผ ์์ฌ ์
์์ ์ธ ์น์ฌ์ดํธ์ ์ ์์ ์ ๋ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ต๊ทผ ํผํด ์ฌ๋ก๊ฐ ํฌ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์์๋ ์ค๋งํธํฐ์ ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋ฐฉ์ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ํฉ์ณ Phishing URL Detector๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ์ฒซ ๋จ๊ณ์์๋ ์ ์ํ URL์ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ์๋ ค์ง ํผ์ฑ URL ํจํด์ด ํฌํจ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ ์์ ์ฐจ๋จํ๋ค. ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๊ณ๋ก ๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ ์น ๋ธ๋ผ์ฐ์ ์ ๋ถ๋งํฌ์ ์ ์ ์ด๋ ฅ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ whitelist๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ํด ์ ์ํ URL์ด ํฌํจ๋ผ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์์ ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผํ๊ณ ์ ์์ ํ์ฉํ๋ค. ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋จ๊ณ์์๋ blacklist๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ํ์ฌ ์ ์ํ URL์ด ํฌํจ๋์ด ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ํํ URL๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผํ๊ณ ์ ์์ ์ฐจ๋จํ๋ค. ๋ง์ง๋ง์ URL์ ์์ ์ฑ์ ํ๋จํ ์ ์๋ ๋จ๊ณ์ด๋ฏ๋ก ์ฐ์ URL์ ์ ์ํ ๋ค ํ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์
๋ ฅํ ๋ค ์น์ฌ์ดํธ์ ๋์์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ ํผ์ฑ ์น์ฌ์ดํธ์ธ์ง ํ๋ณํ๋ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์
๋ ฅํ๋ ์ ๋ณด์ ์ ํจ์ฑ์ ์ค์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ์ธํ ์ ์๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ ์
๋ ฅ ๋์๋์ง ํ์ธ๋ง ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค๋ ํผ์ฑ ์น์ฌ์ดํธ์ ํน์ง์ ์ด์ฉํ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์, ํ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ ๋ณด์๋ ์ ํจ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฌ ํ ์ฌ์
๋ ฅ ์๊ตฌ ์์ด ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋์์ด ์งํ๋๋ค๋ฉด ํผ์ฑ ์น์ฌ์ดํธ๋ก ํ๋ณํ ์ ์๋ค.
URL์ ์ ์ํด ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ ์๋ ํผ์ฑ URL ํ๋ณ์ด ์ด๋ ต๋ค๋ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ํด๊ฒฐํ ์ ์๋ ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐฉ์งํ ์ ์๋ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ง์ด ๋ ์ ์๋ค.์์ฝ
๋ชฉ์ฐจ
๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ
ํ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ
์ 1 ์ฅ ์๋ก
์ 2 ์ฅ ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ
2.1 ๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ ํผ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ
2.2 ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ
2.3 ๊ด๋ จ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
์ 3 ์ฅ ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋ฐฉ์ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ
3.1 ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ํน์ฑ ๋ถ์
3.1.1 ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ํ๋ฆ ๋ถ์
3.1.2 ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ํน์ง ๋ถ์
3.1.3 ์ค๋ฏธ์ฑ SMS ํน์ง ๋ถ์
3.2 Phishing URL Detector ์ ์
3.2.1 ํผ์ฑ ์น์ฌ์ดํธ ๊ณตํต ๋์ ํจํด ๋ถ์
3.2.2 Phishing URL Detector
์ 4 ์ฅ ์คํ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ
4.1 ํผ์ฑ ์น์ฌ์ดํธ ๊ณตํต ๋์ ํจํด ํ์ธ ์คํ
4.2 Phishing URL Detector ๊ตฌํ
์ 5 ์ฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ
AbstractMaste
Prognostic Factors after Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Ankle Osteoarthritis.
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to identify baseline prognostic factors of outcome in ankle osteoarthritis patients after intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with ankle osteoarthritis who received hyaluronic acid injection therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Each patient received weekly intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections (2 mL) for 3 weeks. Six predictors including gender, age, symptom duration, radiographic osteoarthritis stage, radiographic subchondral cyst, and fracture history were evaluated. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and patient satisfaction were evaluated as outcome measures. These predictors and outcome measurements were included in a logistic regression model for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Total of 40 consecutive patients (21 male, 19 female) were included in this study. Mean age was 60.6. Average follow up period was 13 months. The mean VAS recorded 3, 6, and 12 months after the first injection was 3.6 (SD 2.54, p<0.001), 4.33 (SD 2.9, p<0.001), and 5.3 (SD 2.7, p=0.0071), respectively, when compared to baseline VAS. Early stage disease was identified as an independent predictor associated with 'positive VAS outcome' at 3 and 6 months. Early stage disease and duration of pain less than 1 year were independent predictors associated with higher satisfaction.
CONCLUSION: While hyaluronic acid injection for ankle osteoarthritis is a safe and effective treatment, careful selection of patients should be made according to the above prognostic predictors.ope
Development of stabilized dual growth factor-loaded hyaluronate collagen dressing matrix
Patients with diabetes experience impaired growth factor production such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and they are reportedly involved in wound healing processes. Here, we report dual growth factor-loaded hyaluronate collagen dressing (Dual-HCD) matrix, using different ratios of the concentration of stabilized growth factors-stabilized-EGF (S-EGF) and stabilized-bFGF (S-bFGF). At first, the optimal concentration ratio of S-EGF to S-bFGF in the Dual-HCD matrix is determined to be 1:2 in type I diabetic mice. This Dual-HCD matrix does not cause cytotoxicity and can be used in vivo. The wound-healing effect of this matrix is confirmed in type II diabetic mice. Dual HCD enhances angiogenesis which promotes wound healing and thus, it shows a significantly greater synergistic effect than the HCD matrix loaded with a single growth factor. Overall, we conclude that the Dual-HCD matrix represents an effective therapeutic agent for impaired diabetic wound healing.ope
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