21 research outputs found

    ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ์†Œํ˜• ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2016. 2. ์กฐ๊ทœ์ง„.Small mobile robots are required in rescue missions and military task. Milli-scale robots can pass a narrow gap within a collapsed building and carry out the reconnaissance mission without being detected by enemies. The issue of a small robot is that it might get stuck in obstacles that are bigger than itself. The ability to overcome obstacles is important to small robot. Climbing can make it overcome tens of times larger than itself. In this research, three principles of cockroach climbing are defined and integrated with planar mechanism. Small cockroach can rapidly climb vertical walls with a rough surface. First principle inspired by a cockroach is stable walking with an alternating tripod gait. This gait makes stable locomotion possible thanks to the support of at least three feet. Planar transmission using a single actuator is designed for alternating tripod gait. Second principle is reducing the impact during the attachment process. Cockroach use compliant foot called tarsus structure. This can reduce the amount of normal reaction force during the interaction between spines and surface. Compliant foot are modelled based on Pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM). Hind leg is designed to reduce the pitch-back moment at the front limb without tail. Third principle is the phase overlap. Phase overlap is an overlapping of the set of feet on the ground. Cockroaches have the phase overlap during climbing at 5body-lengths/sec. Planar quick-return leg is designed to have the phase overlap during alternating tripod gait. In this research, three key principles are extracted and integrated with planar fabrication for a small climbing robot. A new method using laminating film and fabric is developed for fast prototyping as well as for high structural strength. Fabricated robot is 8.5cm long and 6g in weight. This robot can climb on three different kinds of surfaces at around 0.1body-lengths/sec. The research suggest the possibility that a new approach based on biomimetics and planar design can solve the scale issue of small mobile robots thanks to a novel and simple mechanism.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 The Principles of Cockroach Climbing 4 2.1 Alternating Tripod Gait 4 2.2 Reducing the Impact of Attachment 6 2.3 Phase Overlap 7 Chapter 3 Bio-inspired Design 8 3.1 Transmission using a Single Actuator 8 3.2 Compliant Foot and Hind Leg 9 3.3 Quick-return Leg 14 Chapter 4 Results 21 4.1 Planar Fabrication 21 4.2 Experimental Results 24 Chapter 5 Conclusion 26 Bibliography 28 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 33Maste

    A Study on the Period Classification and Influencing Factors of Changes in Korean Household Consumption Styles

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ์ตœํ˜„์ž.์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌํ™”์— ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋น„๋œ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์€ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ฑฐ์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ํ•„์š” ๋ฐ ์„ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์†Œ๋น„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ํ•„์š”๋‚˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž์›๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹์„ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด ์˜จ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ •์ฒด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„ ์˜จ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„์€ ๊ณ ๋„์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‘”ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŠน์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์„ ์†Œ๋น„๊ทœ๋ชจ, ์†Œ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ, ํ•„์š”์™€ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ด์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก๊ณผ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ถ€๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ํ•„์š”์™€ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์—๋Š” ์™ธ๊ด€์ƒ๋ฌด๊ด€ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(Seemingly Unrelated Regression, SUR)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ ๋ถ„์„(Change Point Analysis)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ™”์ ๋ถ„์„์‹œ, ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก๊ณผ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„๊ทœ๋ชจ, ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘, ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ 3์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ (rate of economic growth), ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜(Consumer Price Index, CPI), ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ(Fixed Deposit)๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„์†Œ๋“(Disposable Income)๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜(Number of household members)์˜ ๋‘ ์š”์ธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ค์ฐจ์ˆ˜์ •๋ชจํ˜•(Vector Error Correction Model, VECM)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•จ์ˆ˜(Impulse Response Function)์™€ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด(Forecast Error Variance Decomposition), ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ๋ถ„ํ•ด(Historical Decomposition)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ชฉ์ƒ ์•ฝ 370๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์งˆ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•ฝ 10๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์™ธ์‹, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์šฉํ’ˆ, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ, ๊ต์œก, ์˜ค๋ฝ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ตํ†ต, ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋น„๋ชฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์‹๋น„, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ์˜๋ณต, ๋น„๋ชฉ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์€ ์˜์‹์ฃผ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 50๋…„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์™ธ์‹, ์˜๋ณต๋น„, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์šฉํ’ˆ๋ฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ, ์˜ค๋ฝ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ตํ†ต, ํ†ต์‹ ๋น„ ๋“ฑ์ด ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹๋น„, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ต์œก, ๊ธฐํƒ€๋น„๋ชฉ์€ ๋น„ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก์„ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ผ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ต์œก๋น„๋กœ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์™”์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ณต๋น„๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด 1.44๋กœ ์„ ํƒ์žฌ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์˜๋ณต์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์žฌ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๋„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋†’์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฏธ์šฉ๋ชฉ์  ์˜๋ฃŒ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์†Œ๋“์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 1965-1973๋…„, 1974-1987๋…„, 1988-2002๋…„, 2003-2012๋…„, 2013-2016๋…„์˜ 5์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์š”์ถฉ์กฑ์†Œ๋น„๊ธฐ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค์†Œ๋น„์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ, ๋ฌธํ™”ํ–ฅ์œ ์†Œ๋น„๊ธฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑ์ˆ™๊ธฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์ •์ฒด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”์ถฉ์กฑ์†Œ๋น„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜์‹์ฃผ ๋น„์ค‘์ด 70%๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค์†Œ๋น„์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์™ธ์‹ ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์™ธ์‹๋น„ ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋…ธ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ •๋‚ด ์‹์‚ฌ๋„ ์™ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”ํ–ฅ์œ ์†Œ๋น„๊ธฐ์ธ 3์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฝ๋ฌธํ™” ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 4์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑ์ˆ™๊ธฐ๋กœ, ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋‚ด ์‹์‚ฌ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‹์ฃผ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋น„๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์†Œ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ •์ฒด๊ธฐ๋กœ, ์ด์ „์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 2013๋…„์—์„œ 2016๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก๋„ 298๋งŒ์›์—์„œ 307๋งŒ์› ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ 2016๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 71%๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ ์™ธํ™˜์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ ํ•˜์œ„๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณผ์‹ค๋ฅ˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์‹์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋นต์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋””์ €ํŠธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํŽธ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›”์„ธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์—ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ 5์‹œ๊ธฐ์— 4์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋น„์ค‘์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ Š์€ ๋งž๋ฒŒ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋“ฑ์›๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ์ด์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„์†Œ๋“์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑํ–ฅ์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜๋ณต, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ, ์˜ค๋ฝ๋ฌธํ™”๋น„ ๋น„์ค‘์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—๋„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๋น„์— ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋น„๋ชฉ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 3๋…„์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋Š” ์กฐ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 3๋…„์งธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋™์—๋„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ ์ด์ „์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์žฅ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋น„๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ, ์˜๋ณต, ์˜ค๋ฝ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ตํ†ต, ๊ธฐํƒ€๋น„๋ชฉ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ‰๊ท ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํ‰๊ท ์†Œ๋น„์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ์†Œ๋“์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์ƒ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง„์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์–ต์ œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณฑ์งธ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 80๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง์—์„œ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋น„์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ํ•˜์œ„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ์›”์„ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์›”์„ธ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋‚˜ ์ „์„ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์‘๋‹ต๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์›”์„ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์›”์„ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด ๋น„์ค‘์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์—ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ๋„ 88-02๋…„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3 ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค€์„ ํƒ์žฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์–ด ์†Œ๋“์ฆ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›”์„ธ ์ง€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 3๋…„์งธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋™์—๋„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ ์ด์ „์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„๋Š” ์›”์„ธ์ž…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์›”์„ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ๋„ ํ•„์ˆ˜์žฌ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๊ต์œก๋น„์—๋Š” ์†Œ๋“์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ผ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ต์œก์—ด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋˜ํ•œ 4์‹œ๊ธฐ์— 3์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋น„์ค‘์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ Š์€ ๋งž๋ฒŒ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋“ฑ์›๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ์ด์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ต์œก๋น„๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋“ฑ ์ž๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ํšŒํ”ผ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์žฅ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์žฅ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฐ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Consumption is one of the most important means for households to lead their lives. Households want to realize their values or achieve their goals through consumption. Consumption is achieved by allocating household resources to various goods in order to achieve household goals, and the consumption style is the way in which the consumed items are intrinsically structured. Household consumption patterns are not fixed but change with changes in macro environment and households needs and preferences. In other words, as the consumption environment changes, it affects the needs and preferences of households, which in turn causes a change in the resource allocation behavior of households. Therefore, the consumption style is a way to get a glimpse of the lifestyle of the household, and we can understand the change of the household in the change of the environment through the change of the consumption style. By looking at how past consumption style have changed, we can understand the current consumption patterns and lifestyles of households, and further examine how future households will change through consumption. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in consumption patterns of Korean households over the past 50 years. Currently, our households are living in an era of higher uncertainty than ever before, due to phenomena such as the stagnation of economic growth. At this time, we can find clues about how households will adapt to future environmental changes through the way families have lived. In particular, the past 50 years of our country have undergone various changes from high growth periods to several economic crises and a recent economic growth slowdown, so it is more meaningful to look back in order for our households to adapt to changes in the future. Therefore, this study attempted to understand the lifestyles of Korean households by examining the changes of consumption styles of Korean households for the past 50 years. Especially, it attempted to analyze the characteristics of consumption styles of each period by comparing the consumption patterns of each period by dividing the periods based on the points where the consumption styles were changed. In addition, the study tried to understand the change in consumption patterns of households more thoroughly by analyzing the internal and external factors influencing the change of consumption styles of households. First, the overall consumption patterns of Korean households in the past 50 years in terms of consumption scale, consumption structure and needs and preferences were examined. In other words, the change of consumption scale through changes of total consumption expenditure and consumption expenditure by each category, and the changes of consumption structure were examined by calculating the consumption proportion of each consumption item. Furthermore, the items that constitute the CPI were used for further analysis to find out the consumption structure of detailed subdivisions. The household needs and preferences were analyzed through the calculation of income elasticity and price elasticity. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) was used to calculate income elasticity and price elasticity. Next, Change Point Analysis was conducted to distinguish consumption periods. In the analysis of the change point, the point where the difference in the average and variance of the consumption expenditure and the consumption proportion by the bifurcation was searched as the change point. The number of change points was adjusted to fit the study and finally the consumption period was determined. After that, the differences in consumption patterns between consumption periods in terms of consumption scale, consumption ratio, and income elasticity were analyzed. In addition, this study investigated the factors affecting the changes in the consumption patterns of households and analyzed the degree of each factor. The factors were divided into external factors and internal factors of households. The rate of economic growth, the consumer price index (CPI), and the fixed deposit rate were set as external factors for households, and Disposable Income and Number of household members were set as internal factors of the households. The vector error correction model (VECM) was used to analyze which factors were significant, and the Impulse Response Function, Forecast Error Variance Decomposition, and Historical Decomposition were used to compare the influence of each factor. The main results of this study and the conclusions based on them are as follows. First, the consumption of households in Korea has increased by about 370 times in nominal terms over the past 50 years, and has increased by more than ten times in real terms. By category, the rate of increase was high, mainly in FAFH(Food Away From Home), Durables and Home-Service, Health, Education, Leisure, Transportation, and Communications. On the other hand, Foods, Housing, and Clothing showed a relatively low growth rate. While the proportion of food and shelter has declined in general, the rate of the other items have increased steadily. FAFH, Clothing, Durables and Home-Service, Health, Leisure, Transportation, and Communications were resilient to income elasticity. Foods, Housing, Education, and other items showed inelastic results. Second, the consumption period of Korean households is divided into five periods of 1965-1973, 1974-1987, 1988-2002, 2003-2012, and 2013-2016 based on consumption style, and each period was named as Consumption to meet needs, Transition to Service Consumption, Culture-Oriented Consumption, Consumption Maturity, and Underconsumption considering the characteristic of consumption style of each period. In the first period, more than 70% was spent on food and shelf items. This means that most of the consumption was spent for sustenance in the first period. In the second period, the proportion of consumption of services such as FAFH began to increase significantly. In the third period, consumption on Leisure increased from the previous period, and also the purchase of cars increased, so that the leisure area expanded. During the fourth period, the proportion of home meals decreased continuously, whereas the proportion of consumption of non-food items increased. Consumption spending slowed compared to the previous period, and consumption expenditure between 2013 and 2016 did not change significantly from 2.98 million won to 3.07 million won. In 2016, the average propensity to consume (APC) fell to 71%, the lowest level since the financial crisis in 1997. Third, the variables that have significant influence on each category were different. Disposable income is generally a factor that directly affects consumption expenditure, but it was not significant in this study. On the other hand, it had a significant effect on the APC, and it also had a significant effect on the increase of the proportion of Clothing, Health, and Leisure costs. The number of household members had a statistically significant effect on the APC and the Education costs. Fourth, as a result of the Impulse Response Function, the consumption expenditure temporarily increased in the short term due to the impact of the price shock, but gradually decreased after three years. The proportion of housing expenditure tended to decrease by the impulse of the number of household members. Fifth, as a result of Variance Decomposition, the short-term and long-term changes in the relative influence of the factors showed different results for each category. The influence of internal factors has increased in Food, Clothing, Leisure, Transportation, and Miscellaneous in the long term. On the other hand, the influence of external factors has increased in total consumption expenditure, APC and other items. Sixth, as a result of Historical Decomposition, the effect of income on total consumption expenditure was the greatest over the last 50 years. However, in the period from the end of the 1980s to the early 1990s, the influence of income has decreased, while the influence of the number of household members has increased. This was because of the emergence of a new generation that was active in consumption. The suggestions are as follows, based on the findings and conclusions. Some of the items were found to be a burden on household consumption, and imply that quality of life can be relatively reduced by limiting expenditure on other items. In addition, the proportion of Housing expense is reduced when the impact is on the number of household members, which means that the proportion of Housing expense increases as the number of households decreases. This implies that households' burden of housing expenses may increase as the size of households gradually decreases and single person households increase. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a policy to stabilize the housing of single person households and to suppress the increase of monthly rent. Also, costs for children can be a burden on households. The cost of education has been shown to be largely responsive to the impact of the number of household members, and it has persisted for a long time. Furthermore, Income elasticity of the Education expense was inelastic. This means that households allocate a fixed portion of income to education and it can be a burden on household management. Also, consumption on housekeeping services has increased recently. It can be understood as the increase in the use of housekeepers or nannies by young dual income families. Therefore, at a time when the declining fertility rate is becoming a social issue, it is possible to reduce the burden on Housing or Education and further provide a basis for solving macro problems such as birth rate problems by setting up a policy for them. In addition, a comprehensive approach is needed, rather than a fragmentary approach, in policy establishment. Based on the results of Variance Decomposition, the influence of internal and external factors was changed according to the short and long term. For example, the impact of external factors such as the CPI may be greater in the long run, even if income, the internal factor, is the biggest influence on the FAFH in the short run. Therefore, a policy appropriate for each factor should be established by separating long-term and short-term factors.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 5 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ 6 1. ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 6 2. ์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ 13 3. ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 15 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 23 1. ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 23 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 25 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 31 1. ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ก  31 2. ๊ฑฐ์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 32 3. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 36 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 43 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 43 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ 45 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 45 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ 47 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 51 1. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 51 2. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 56 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 61 4. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 66 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 69 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™” 69 1. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์˜ ์–‘์  ๋ณ€ํ™” 69 2. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 82 3. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ํ•„์š”์™€ ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™” 99 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 110 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ 113 1. ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 113 2. ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 132 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 155 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 158 1. ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก๊ณผ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 158 2. ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 164 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 183 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 185 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  185 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ œ์–ธ 192 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 195 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ [ํ‘œ 2-1] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 12 [ํ‘œ 2-2] ์†Œ๋น„์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 24 [ํ‘œ 2-3] ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„์‚ฌํšŒํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 29 [ํ‘œ 3-1] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋™ํ–ฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋น„๋ชฉ ๋ณ€ํ™” 52 [ํ‘œ 3-2] ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ๋ณ€ํ™” 55 [ํ‘œ 3-3] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„๋ชฉ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜(๋Œ€๋ถ„๋ฅ˜) 57 [ํ‘œ 3-4] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์„ธ๋ถ€๋น„๋ชฉ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 59 [ํ‘œ 3-5] ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 60 [ํ‘œ 3-6] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 62 [ํ‘œ 3-7] ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ ํŠน์„ฑ 68 [ํ‘œ 4-1] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ๋ณ€ํ™” 72 [ํ‘œ 4-2] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ณ€ํ™”(๋ช…๋ชฉ) 80 [ํ‘œ 4-3] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ณ€ํ™”(์‹ค์งˆ) 81 [ํ‘œ 4-4] ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ํ•˜์œ„ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 89 [ํ‘œ 4-5] ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 90 [ํ‘œ 4-6] ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ƒํ’ˆ์ˆ˜ 91 [ํ‘œ 4-7] ์†Œ๋น„ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 92 [ํ‘œ 4-8] ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 95 [ํ‘œ 4-9] ๋ณ€ํ™”ํญ ์ƒ์œ„ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 97 [ํ‘œ 4-10] ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ์ž๋ฃŒ(log data)๋‹จ์œ„๊ทผ ๊ฒ€์ • 103 [ํ‘œ 4-11] ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๊ณต์ ๋ถ„ ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 104 [ํ‘œ 4-12] ์‹๋น„์™€ ๊ต์œก๋น„ Max_Eigen Static ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 106 [ํ‘œ 4-13] ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ 107 [ํ‘œ 4-14] ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 125 [ํ‘œ 4-15] 1988๋…„ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฝ”์Šคํ”ผ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฃผํƒ๋งค๋งค๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฅ  127 [ํ‘œ 4-16] 1997-2004๋…„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฃผํƒ๋งค๋งค๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฅ  128 [ํ‘œ 4-17] ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 130 [ํ‘œ 4-18] 2003-2016๋…„ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€ํ‘œ 131 [ํ‘œ 4-19] ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ด์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ 133 [ํ‘œ 4-20] ์ด์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ฐ ๊ฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๊ทœ๋ชจ 135 [ํ‘œ 4-21] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€ํ™”_์‹๋น„ 136 [ํ‘œ 4-22] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”_์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ 137 [ํ‘œ 4-23] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”_์˜๋ณต๋น„ 138 [ํ‘œ 4-24] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก_์˜์‹์ฃผ ์™ธ ๋น„๋ชฉ 140 [ํ‘œ 4-25] ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๊ฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘ ์ฐจ์ด 143 [ํ‘œ 4-26] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”_์‹๋น„ 144 [ํ‘œ 4-27] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”_์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ 145 [ํ‘œ 4-28] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”_์˜๋ณต๋น„ 146 [ํ‘œ 4-29] ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘_์˜์‹์ฃผ ์™ธ ๋น„๋ชฉ 148 [ํ‘œ 4-30] ๊ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ 149 [ํ‘œ 4-31] ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ณ€ํ™” 154 [ํ‘œ 4-32] ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ, ์†Œ๋น„์–‘์‹ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์•ฝ 157 [ํ‘œ 4-33] ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก๊ณผ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„์†Œ๋น„๋น„์ค‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 163 [ํ‘œ 4-34] ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 171 ๊ทธ ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-1] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ฑฐ์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ 33 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-2] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ํ•˜์œ„์ฒด๊ณ„ 37 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-1] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 45 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-1] ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€ํ™”(๋ช…๋ชฉ) 73 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-2] ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€ํ™”(์‹ค์งˆ) 73 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-3] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ณ€ํ™” 77 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-4] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™” 85 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-5] ๊ฐœ์ธ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 96 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-6] ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์˜๋ณ€ํ™” 98 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-7] ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 102 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-8] ์†Œ๋น„ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 108 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-9] ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 114 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-10] ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 116 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-11] ์ด์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋น„๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 118 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-12] ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ์ˆ˜์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€ํ™”์  119 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-13] ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ํƒ์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 121 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-14] 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™” 123 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-15] ์„์œ ํŒŒ๋™์‹œ๊ธฐ ์›”๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™” 124 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-16] ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋‹น ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์žฌ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋ฅ  127 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-17] ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 169 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-18] ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํฌ๊ธฐ 174 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-19] ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ถ„ํ•ด 181Docto

    A Study on the Consumption Expenditure over the Revised Life Cycle

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์ตœํ˜„์ž.์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ตฌ์กฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ข€ ๋” ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 2012๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋™ํ–ฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 1]์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2]์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, [์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 3]์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 16๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ง€์œ„ ๋ฐ ์ž๋…€์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ๋ฌด์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ์œ ์ž๋…€ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ 4์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ ์—ฐ๋ น์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋…„๊ธฐ, ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ, ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ์™€ ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ ์œ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ทจ์—…์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋…€๋…๋ฆฝ์ „ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์™€ ์ž๋…€๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ ์ง์—…์€ ์žฅ๋…„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ง์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“์€ ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ , ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ์— ์†ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์œจ์ด ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ท ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์ง์—… ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฌด์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ž๋…€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด‘์—ด, ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ณ„์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์ถœ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์˜๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐœ, ๊ตํ†ต, ํ†ต์‹ , ์˜ค๋ฝ๋ฌธํ™”, ์Œ์‹์ˆ™๋ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋ชฉ๋“ค์€ ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ถœ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ์ธ ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ต์  ์ผ์ฐ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚จ ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์†Œ๋“์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์ž๋…€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ, ์˜๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐœ, ๊ตํ†ต, ํ†ต์‹ , ์Œ์‹์ˆ™๋ฐ• ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ณ„์— ๋น„ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋น„๋ชฉ์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์—๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋…„๊ธฐ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ, ์˜๋ฅ˜์‹ ๋ฐœ, ์˜ค๋ฝ๋ฌธํ™”, ์Œ์‹์ˆ™๋ฐ• ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผ ์Œ์‹์ˆ™๋ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์œก์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์‚ถ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ž๋…€ ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๋…„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์•ก์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ต์œก๋น„์— ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ์ž๋…€ ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด‘์—ด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์žฌ์  ๋น„๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„๋ชฉ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์ถœ๋น„์ค‘์ด 70%์— ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํ˜„๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ชฉํ‘œ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋Š ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ •์ฑ…์ , ๊ต์œก์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œ์–ธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋„๋ก ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋ณด์™„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์  ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์ดํ˜ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋“์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ๋ฌด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํ›„์  ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์‹œํ–‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€, ์žฅ๋…„๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์žฌ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ์ขŒ์šฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์กฐ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 4 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 4 1. ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4 2. Murphy-Staples์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ Gilly-Enis ๋ชจํ˜• 7 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 16 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 16 2. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 3. ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 24 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 24 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 25 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 25 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ 25 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 30 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 32 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ 32 1. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 32 2. ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ 35 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ยทยทยท 40 1. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 40 2. ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 41 3. ๋ฌด์ž๋…€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 42 4. ์œ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 44 5. ์œ ์ž๋…€ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 46 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ยทยทยท 48 1. ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 48 2. ์žฅ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 49 3. ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 50 4. ์€ํ‡ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์–‘์‹ 53 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 55 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  55 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ œ์–ธ 58 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 61Maste

    The DFT+DMFT studies of the strongly correlated electron systems

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    DoctorWe have studied electronic structures of the heavy fermion compounds, CeIrIn5 and CeCoGe2, using the combined approach of the density function theory (DFT) and the dynamical mean field theory(DMFT). The DFT calculation has successfully explained many solid state phenomena. The DFT and its limitations will be reviewed in the introduction chapter. These explanation is connected to why the DFT+DMFT is needed in the heavy fermion compound. In the following chapters, we have provided one successful example of the DFT calculation, and two DFT+DMFT calculation for the heavy fermion compounds. Spinel ZnMn2O4 was reported to exhibit a rst order structural phase transition under high pressure. Using the DFT method, we have investigated the change of the electronic structure with varying both the volume and c/a ratio. Under high pressure, we have demonstrated the close relation between the structural change and the spin-state transition from a high-spin to a low-spin conguration of Mn3+. We have studied theoretically the evolution of the heavy fermion Fermi surface (FS) as a function of temperature (T) in heavy fermion compound, CeIrIn 5, using the DFT+DMFT method. Upon cooling, both the quantum oscillation frequencies and cyclotron masses show logarithmic scaling behavior (ln(T0=T)) with different characteristic temperaturesT0= 130 and 50 K, respectively. The resistivity coherence peak observed atTโ‰ƒ50 K is discussed with the scaling analysis of th FS with respect toT. The formation of the Kondo resonance (KR) band in the heavy fermion CeCoGe2 has been also studied using the DFT+DMFT method. The low T spectral function shows the dispersive KR states in momentum space. The size of the induced hyridization gap was also investigated as a function of T. During the evolution from the spd bands at highT to the dispersive KR bands at low T, we have found the existence of kinks in the spectral function near EF. The relation between the kink and hybridization gap has been discussed in comparison with the scaling analysis of the FS. In summary, we have explored the incoherent regime in heavy fermion compounds between high and low T. We have found the scaling properties in T-dependent FS evolution with the successful description of the electron transport. We have demonstrated how the Kondo resonance states are produced in comparison with the scaling analysis of the FS
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