88 research outputs found

    ๊ฐ€์Šตํ™”ํ•œ ๊ณ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํ†ต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์ธต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ํ‰๋ถ€์™ธ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2003.Maste

    Socio-ecological approach to the determinants of physical activity

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ์ตœ์ง€์—ฝ.๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ์ฃผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค[1-3]. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ง€์นจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฐ€, ์ด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด 1ํšŒ 10๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ตœ์†Œ 150๋ถ„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 75๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค[4]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋น„ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[5]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค[6]. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์™€ ์œ ์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[7, 8]: ๊ฐœ์‹œ(initiation), ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„; ์œ ์ง€(maintenance), ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์™€ ์œ ์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ์  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์™€ ์œ ์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[9]. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ‹€์ด๋‹ค[10]. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ , ๋Œ€์ธ์ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ… ๋“ฑ, ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญ๋„“์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค[11]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋™์„ฑ ์ œํ•œ[12], ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ[13], ๋น„๋งŒ[14], ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์„ญ์ทจ[15], ์Œ์ฃผ[16], ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„[17], ์™ธ๋กœ์›€[18], ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ[19] ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋งŒ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Background Participation in regular physical activity is known to be a major contributor to health promotion, functional improvement and prevention of chronic disease. The socio-ecological model is a theoretical framework for an individual's behavior and health, emphasizing an integrated analysis of the various determinants surrounding an individual. From this socio-ecological approach, physical activity is a health behavior that is influenced by several factors and at the same time acts as a factor that determines health. However, the evidence on the integrated effects of various determinants on physical activity is insufficient. In this study, systematic review of reviews was conducted to summarize the previous evidences on factors included in socio-ecological model that were suggested to affect physical activity, and the following two research goals were established: (1) to identify the complex structural associations between determinants that have been researched, and explore how comprehensive relationships between them can have an integral impact on physical activity, and (2) to evaluate the associations between large-scale determinants included in the socio-ecological model and physical activity at once, and directly compare their associations to uncover the most decisive factors related to physical activity. Methods The analysis of the first study objective was conducted in 54,359 Korean adults aged 40-69 years in the HEXA-G study. The median follow-up period was 4.2 years. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was repeatedly measured throughout the baseline and follow-up. Based on the results of systematic review and previous prospective studies, potential determinants were selected, and a hypothetical structural model considering the complex associations between determinants was constructed. Standardized coefficients for direct and indirect effects were estimated by path analysis. Analysis of the second study objective was conducted on 84,052 participants from the UK biobank(2006-2010) who participated in an objective measurement of physical activity at follow-up. The median follow-up period was 5.7 years. To reduce the dimension of 184 variables included in the socio-ecological model, categorical principal component analysis was performed to generate 55 components. The general linear model was used to evaluate the association between physical activity and factors included in the ecological model. Network analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of factors included in the socio-ecological model in a more comprehensive context. Results In the first analysis, age, education level, chronic disease, smoking, depressive symptoms, and self-assessed health status were significantly associated with physical activity. Income level and social support were significant only in the initiation phase of physical activity, and gender, stress and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significant in the maintenance phase only. After stratification by gender, income levels were observed only in men, and social support and stress were observed only in women. It was estimated that in most determinants, about 15% of the total effect was due to indirect effects mediated by other factors. In the second analysis, it was observed that the principal component (PC) included in the Body composition, Chronic diseases, Disability/illness/and injury, Fitness category and Overall health ratingโ†‘ PC had the greatest associations with the objectively measured moderate to vigorous physical activity. These components were clustered together in the network analysis, and were expected to have an integrated effect on physical activity. Factors related to socio-economic status have been observed to play the role of a hub within the socio-ecological model. In the self-reported physical activity, the magnitude of the association was weaker than the objectively measured physical activity, but a consistent direction was observed. Conclusion This study evaluated the comprehensive effect of various determinants on physical activity through a socio-ecological approach that can consider various factors surrounding individuals. It was confirmed that determinants well known to have great influence on the death and disease incidence have the most important effect on physical activity. Considering the comprehensive effects of these major factors on physical activity, it is expected that it will make a great contribution to the prevention and treatment of diseases in which physical activity can be important.์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ 22 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 24 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 24 1-1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 24 1-2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 35 1-3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 48 2. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 51 2-1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 51 2-2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 64 2-3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 79 ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 83 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  99 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 100 ๋ถ€๋ก 131 ์ดˆ๋ก(์˜๋ฌธ) 206Docto

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    A Study on the Insulation Diagnosis by Analysis of Partial Discharge for a Cast Resin Transformer

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    This thesis deals with insulation diagnosis technology by analysis of partial discharges(PDs) for a 22.9kV cast resin transformer. Patch-type capacitive probes were proposed as sensor to detection PD, which were installed on the vessel and completely insulated from high voltage of the transformer. A low-noise, high-gain amplifier with frequency ranges from 500kHz to 35MHz at -3dB was fabricated, including the capacitive probes. Two kinds of the cast resin transformer defects were simulated using needle electrodes with a radius of 5ฮผm and 10ฮผm. To analyze the phase(ฮฆ), magnitude(q) and numbers(n) of PD pulses as the defects, virtual instrument system(VIS) consisted of a digitizer(NI PXI-5114, 125MHz, 8bit, 250MS/s) and an analysis program was fabricated. Also, a denoise algorithm using the wavelet transform was designed to separate the internal and external noise from the PD signals. Experimental results, proved that the proposed insulation diagnosis system could detect the PD of 10pC for a cast resin transformer. In the results of analysis on the ฮฆ-q-n pattern, the qmax and numbers of the PD pulses showed a tendency to decrease from 26.3pC to 23.9pC and from 2,219 times to 1,422 times respectively as the radius of the defects decreased from 10ฮผm to 5ฮผm. Also, the phase distribution of PD pulses shifted in range from phase 30ยฐ๏ฝž60ยฐ(+) and 210ยฐ๏ฝž240ยฐ(-) to phase 60ยฐ๏ฝž90ยฐ(+) and 240ยฐ๏ฝž270ยฐ(-) as the acutance of the defects increased. In conclusion, it is possible to presume strange defects by analysis on the ฮฆ-q-n pattern and the approximate location of the PD source to install several capacitive probes on the vessel of the cast resin transformer.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ โ…ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ฒ Abstract โ…ด ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด ๋ก  5 2.1 ์ ˆ์—ฐ์—ดํ™”์™€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ 5 2.1.1 ์ ˆ์—ฐ์—ดํ™”๊ธฐ๊ตฌ 6 2.1.2 ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ 9 2.2 ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ์ˆ  16 2.3 ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ 16 2.3.1 ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์ด๋ก  17 2.3.2 ์žก์Œ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 22 2.4 ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 24 2.4.1 ๊ตฌ์กฐ 24 2.4.2 ํŠน์„ฑ 25 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘ 27 3.1 ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ 27 3.2 ์ €์žก์Œ ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ 32 3.3 ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณ„์ธก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(VIS) 33 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 37 4.1 ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 37 4.2 ๊ต์ •์‹คํ—˜ 39 4.3 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 42 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 44 5.1 ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์œ„์น˜ ํ‘œ์ • 44 5.2 PRPD๋ถ„์„ 46 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  49 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 50 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1.1 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์••์„ค๋น„์™€ ๊ณ ์••๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ 2 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.1 ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์ „ 10 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.2 ์—ฐ๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ์ „ 11 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.3 ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐฉ์ „ 12 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.4 ๊ฒฐํ•จ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ 13 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.5 ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ „์••์—์„œ PD ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํŒจํ„ด 14 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.6 (a) ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜, (b) ๊ตญ์†Œ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜, (c) ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„-์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์˜์—ญ 20 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.7 ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋™ 20 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.8 ๊ฐ€์šฐ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์žก์Œ์ด ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ 23 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.9 ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 25 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.1 ํŒจ์น˜ํ˜• ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ 28 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.2 ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ PD๊ฒ€์ถœ 29 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.3 ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ 31 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.4 ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ตํŠน์„ฑ 31 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.5 ์‹œ์ œ์ž‘ ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ 32 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.6 ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ตํŠน์„ฑ 33 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.7 ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณ„์ธก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 35 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3.8 PRPD๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณ„์ธก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 36 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4.1 ๋ฐฉ์ „ํŽ„์Šค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์˜ˆ 37 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4.2 ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ „ํŽ„์Šค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์˜ˆ 38 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4.3 ๊ต์ •๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 40 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4.4 ๊ต์ •ํŽ„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ตํŒŒํ˜• ์˜ˆ 41 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4.5 ๊ต์ •ํŽ„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ „์•• 41 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4.6 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 42 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5.1 ๋ฐฉ์ „์œ„์น˜ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ PDํŒŒํ˜• ์˜ˆ 45 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5.2 PRPD๋ถ„์„ (์ขŒ:๋ˆ„์ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ์šฐ:ฮฆ-q-n ๋ฐฉ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด) 47 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ ํ‘œ 2.1 ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ์—ดํ™” 6 ํ‘œ 2.2 ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์ž…์‹๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋น„๊ต 26 ํ‘œ 4.1 ๊ต์ •๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘ 3

    Effects of the irradiation on the apoptosis in rat salivary glands

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ชฉ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์•”์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„ ์นจ์ƒ˜์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์กฐ์ฆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์•„์šฐ์‹์ฆ, ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์น˜์žฅ์ฐฉ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์กฐ์ฆ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์นจ์ƒ˜์„ธํฌ์˜ apop tosis, ํ›„๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ๊ดด์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. Apoptosis๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ‰ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋œ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ , ์œ ์ „์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํƒœ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ด, ์•”์œ ๋ฐœ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋“ฑ์ด ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ apoptosis๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๊ดด์‚ฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ฆ‰ ์ฃผ์œ„ ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ, ์ถ•ํ•ฉ, ํ•ต๋ถ„์ ˆ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ด ์„ธํฌ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ ‘์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ์‹๋˜์–ด ์šฉํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒด์ค‘ 270 mg๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ํš์ฅ์—์„œ cobalt-60 ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ฮณ-ray๋ฅผ 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy ๋‹จ์ผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„. 3์‹œ๊ฐ„, 6์‹œ๊ฐ„, 12์‹œ๊ฐ„,1์ผ, 3์ผ, 7์ผ์งธ์— ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์นจ์ƒ˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” apoptosis์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Apoptosis์ฒด์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ApopTag**TM in situ Apoptosis Detection Kit-Peroxidase (Oncor, USA)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ†ต์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์™ธํ˜•์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” 20 Gy๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„ 7 ์ผ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋™๋ฌผ ์ฒด์ค‘์€ 40โˆผ80 gm ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ํ™ฉํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์œ ๋„๋œ ํš์ฅ ์นจ์ƒ˜์˜ apoptosis์ฒด๋Š” ApopTag**TM ์— ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ ์•ก์„ฑ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์•ก์„ฑ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ apptosis๋Š” ์ƒ˜์„ธํฌ์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ด€, ์„ ์กฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ˜๊ด€๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. Apoptosis์ฒด์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„ 1 ์ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์ƒ, 20 Gy์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ›„ 1์ผ์— ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•ต๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋ง‰์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ apoptosis์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต๋ถ„์ ˆ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5. 20 Gy์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒ˜๊ด€์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ apoptosis๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ 3 ์ผ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ apoptosis์ฒด์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์€ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธํฌ๊ดด์‚ฌ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6. ์นจ์ƒ˜์ฃผ์œ„ ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฌ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ apoptosis์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์นจ์ƒ˜์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ต์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜•์ธ apoptosis์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ apoptosis์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์นจ์ƒ˜์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํš์ฅ ์นจ์ƒ˜์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋„๋œ apoptosis๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„ 1์ผ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ apoptosis ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธํฌ ์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ์‹ค๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์†์‹ค์ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ apoptosis์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of programmed cell death that playsa major role during development, homeostasis, and in many diseases. It is known that the apoptosis is usually caused by carcinogens, drugs, heat and radiation in mature cells. This reaction is a fast cellular process and it differs from the gradual cell necrosis. Morphologically, the separation from the neighboring cells, the condensation and the nuclear fragmentation take place serially during apoptosis and apoptotic bodies are phagocyted and dissolved by histiocytes and neighboring cells. Generally it is known that the radiation therapy used for head and neck cancer treatment causes xerostomia. It is thought that xerostomia is induced from the apoptosis of the salivary acini at the early stage and the cell necrosis at the late stage. For the investigation of the morphologic characteristics of acute radiation injury to the salivary glands, adult rats weighing approximately 200 gm were studied after irradiation with single dose of 5 Gy,10 Gy and 20 Gy using the cobalt -60 machine. After irradiation, experimental animals were sacrificed at post-irradiation 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12hours, 1 day,3 days and 7 days and the distribution of the radiation-induced salivary apoptosis with each time interval. ApopTag**TM in situ Apoptosis Detection Kit-Peroxidase(Oncor, USA) was used for the light microscopic observation and usual electron micros-cope were selected for the studies of the ultra structures. Distinct changes of the experimental animals' appearances were apparent in 20 Gy irradiated group, especially, the weight loss of the experimental animals was noted after irradiation at day 7 group after 20 Gy irradiation. On the light microscope, apoptotic bodies revealed positively in ApopTagTM, clearer in the salivary acinar cells than the salivary ductal cells and in the serous acinar cells than the mucose acinar cells. Then umber of the apoptotic bodies proportioned to the radiation doses, and this was more remarkable in post-irradiation 1 day group. On the electron microscope, membrane-bounded masses of apoptotic bodies and small cellular fragments with condensed chromatin cellular organelles of the 20 Gy irradiated group were observed. In the 20 Gy group,Gy a few salivary ductal cells showed apoptotic changes, and the appearance of the apoptotic bodies was reduced substantially in the all the experimental groups after 3 days, which is the evidence o( the cell necrosis. Also, the apoptosis of the lymph nodes around the carotid glands was observed severely, and in various sized apoptotic bodies which is made by nuclear fragmentation are founded. Taken all together, radiation-induced apoptosis in the rat salivary glands increased in proportion to the absorbed doses, and number of the apoptotic bodies reached maximum at day 1, and then decreased. These results give us to speculate that the cellular self-deletions take place through the early apoptosis by irradiation, so clinically, there-fore, it may be concluded that serial cellular reactions cause the functional loss of salivary gland.restrictio

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ํ‰๋ถ€์™ธ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2005.Docto
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