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    ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ์‹ ํ˜•์ต.Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate systematic evaluation of limb and spinal musculoskeletal rehabilitation in accordance with the current clinical situation of early administration of steroids in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Three researches were conducted in this thesis. First, we investigated range of motion and contracture of lower extremity joints among male patients with DMD, based on the patients ambulatory status. Differences in major joint contractures, based on passive stretching exercise participation, were also investigated. Second, patients with DMD often develop scoliosis that progresses rapidly after loss of ambulation. We attempted to examine the incidence of scoliosis, flexibility of scoliosis and pelvic tilt associated with scoliosis after two years of wheelchair-bound status to identify trends over time. Finally, in persons with DMD, weakness of the upper extremity (UE) muscles has a significant impact on daily activities and body function. This problem necessitates a screening tool that can be used quickly and easily in clinical situations, such as the Upper limb short questionnaire (ULSQ). However, its validity and reliability as a clinical measure have not yet been evaluated. Methods: In the first research, total of 128 boys with DMD, followed at the DMD clinic of a tertiary care hospital, were included in this cross-sectional study. The passive ranges-of-motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured, in the sagittal plane, using a goniometer. The Vignos Scale was used to grade ambulatory function. Boys with DMD who performed stretching exercises for more than 5 min/session, >3 sessions/week, were classified into the stretching group. In the second research, we reviewed the medical records of 273 boys who were genetically identified as having DMD, and finally, 50 boys with serial records of radiographs after loss of ambulation were finally enrolled. And among them, only 31 patients developed scoliosis. Spine radiographs in sitting and supine positions were also reviewed to obtain Cobb angle, curve flexibility, and pelvic obliquity. Flexibilities (%) were calculated by the difference in angles between the sitting and supine positions divided by the angle at the sitting position, multiplied by 100. In the third research, face to face ULSQ interviews were held, and then repeated by telephone, at least four weeks later. Lower extremity and UE body function were measured by a physician using Vignos and a modified Brooke scale, respectively. Results: In the first research, the hip flexion (23.5 o), knee flexion (43.5 o), and ankle plantarflexion (34.5 o) contracture angles in the non-ambulatory group were more severe than those in the ambulatory group. Ankle plantarflexion contractures (41 patients, 52.6%) were more frequently observed early, even within the ambulatory period, than were hip (8 patients, 10.3%), and knee joint (17 patients, 21.8%) contractures. Passive stretching exercises >3 sessions/week were not associated with the degree of lower extremity joint contractures in the ambulatory or non-ambulatory group. In the second research, among 31 boys who had scoliosis, all but 2 boys with curves went through a sequential course of 1) no scoliosis, 2) nonstructural scoliosis, when scoliosis was only measurable in the sitting position, and 3) structural scoliosis, when scoliosis was also detectable in the supine position. Flexibility decreased each year after detection of scoliosis in those who developed scoliosis the first year, from 75.5 ยฑ 5.0% to 57.1 ยฑ 10.5% and to 49.1 ยฑ 10.0% (mean ยฑ standard deviation). Spinal flexibility was significantly correlated with curve magnitude of scoliosis in both sitting and supine position. In the third research, 160 subjects participated in the initial ULSQ interview among 167 participants, and 132 subjects completed follow-up interviews. Construct validity was confirmed by exploratory and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis. Sum scores of UE function correlated with the modified Brooke scale (Kendalls Tau 0.64, p < .001). Total and sum scores for each ULSQ component were higher in non-ambulators than in ambulators. Reliability was acceptable, determined by internal consistency and test-retest tools. Conclusions: There have been few studies about the range of motion and the degree of contracture of the joints (hip, knee, and ankle) of the lower limb since the 2000s when steroids began to be widely used. Knowledge of lower extremity joint contracture profiles, based on ambulatory status, may be useful for developing appropriate strategies for joint management in this patient group. Regarding to scoliosis, our result suggests that in the early stage of scoliosis, wherein flexibility is maintained without structural scoliosis, interventions such as bracings should be considered in DMD scoliosis. Also, scoliosis curve in DMD patients should be evaluated dynamically to detect the scoliosis when the curve is fully reducible. This study could be a cornerstone for further studies involving application of spinal braces for neuromuscular scoliosis. Finally, ULSQ could be a valid and reliable measurement tool for persons with DMD to screen UE function, pain, and stiffness in clinical settings์„œ๋ก : ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์—์„œ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ‰๊ท  ์ƒ์กด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ฒ™์ถ”์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ •๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์†Œ์‹คํ•œ ์ดํ›„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์€ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž„์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์˜์กด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ๋™์ž‘ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜ ์ƒ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 128๋ช…์˜ ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ Vginos ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ฃผ 3ํšŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ ์ค‘์žฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ™˜์ž 273๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ Cobb ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•‰์€ ์ž์„ธ์™€ ์•™์™€์œ„ ์ž์„ธ์˜ Cobb ๊ฐ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒ™์ถ”์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ฐ ์ž์„ธ์—์„œ์˜ Cobb ๊ฐ๋„์™€ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2018๋…„๋„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์˜๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ, ์—ญ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์›์ €์ž ํ™•์ธ ํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ดํŒ ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 160๋ช…์˜ ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ณผ ์Šฌ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์กฑ์ €๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ 52.6%์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด, ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์กฑ์ €๊ตด๊ตญ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๊ฐ๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  ์กฑ์ €๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ 4.9๋„ ์ •๋„ ๋” ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ 22๋„, ์Šฌ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ 40.4๋„, ์กฑ์ €๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ 28.1๋„ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฃผ 3ํšŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก, ์Šฌ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก, ์กฑ์ €๊ตด๊ณก์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ™˜์ž 273๋ช… ์ค‘ 50๋ช…์ด 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 31๋ช…์—์„œ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2๋ช…์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋งค๋…„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ฒซํ•ด๋Š” 75.5 ยฑ 5.0 % (ํ‰๊ท  ยฑ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŽธ์ฐจ), ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ 1๋…„ ํ›„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ์—๋Š” 57.1 ยฑ 10.5 %, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ 49.1 ยฑ 10.0 % ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•‰์€ ์ž์„ธ์™€ ์•™์™€์œ„ ์ž์„ธ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ ์ž์„ธ์—์„œ์˜ Cobb ๊ฐ๋„์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ™˜์ž 167๋ช… ์ค‘์—์„œ 160๋ช…์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” 132๋ช…์ด ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒ์ƒ‰์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์€ Brooke ์ฒ™๋„์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ํ†ต์ฆ, ๋ปฃ๋ปฃํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด์  ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ-์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์—์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์†Œ์‹คํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์Šฌ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์กฑ์ €๊ตด๊ณก ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ ์ค‘์žฌ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์žฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์—์„œ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์ €ํ•˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ™์ฃผ์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ์•‰์€ ์ž์„ธ์™€ ์•™์™€์œ„ ์ž์„ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋Š” ํƒ€๋‹น๋„์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์–ด ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋’ค์…ด๋Š๊ทผ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 1.1. Research I: Lower extremity joint contracture according to ambulatory status 1 1.2. Research II: Scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy children 2 1.3. Research III: Upper limb short questionnaire for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 3 2. Methods 7 2.1. Research I: Lower extremity joint contracture according to ambulatory status 7 2.1.1. Participants 7 2.1.2. Measures 8 2.1.3. Procedure 8 2.1.4. Data analysis 9 2.2. Research II: Scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy children 10 2.2.1. Participants 10 2.2.2. Review of medical records 11 2.2.3. Evaluation of scoliosis and pelvic obliquity 11 2.2.4. Evaluation of flexibility 12 2.2.5. Statistical analysis 13 2.3. Research III: Upper limb short questionnaire for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 13 2.3.1. Participants 13 2.3.2. Procedure 14 2.3.3. Statistical Analysis 18 3. Results 19 3.1. Research I: Lower extremity joint contracture according to ambulatory status 19 3.1.1. Demographic and clinical information 19 3.1.2. Lower extremity joint contracture comparisons 22 3.1.3. Differences in joint contracture angles, based on stretching participation 26 3.2. Research II: Scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy children 28 3.2.1. Clinical Characteristics 28 3.2.2. Development of scoliosis 31 3.2.3. Scoliosis curve type changes 33 3.2.4. Changes in curve flexibility 35 3.2.5. Correlation between spinal curve flexibility and other parameters 35 3.2.6. Development of pelvic obliquity 35 3.3. Research III: Upper limb short questionnaire for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 38 3.3.1. Clinical characteristics 38 3.3.2. The result of Upper limb short questionnaire survey 40 3.3.3. Factor analysis 42 3.3.4. Construct validity 42 3.3.5. Reliability 47 4. Discussion 49 4.1. Research I: Lower extremity joint contracture according to ambulatory status 49 4.2. Research II: Scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy children 51 4.3. Research III: Upper limb short questionnaire for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 55 4.4. Implication for clinical trial in Duchenne muscular dystrophy 58 5. Concluding Remarks 60 Acknowledgments 61 Funding 61 References 62 Appendix 70 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 72Docto

    ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ด๋ฏธ๋‚˜.๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•ด์ฒด์™€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ณ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์•…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์Œ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์•ž์žฅ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. : ์ด์„ฑ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ vs. ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. : ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ vs. ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? : ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€์—ฌ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. : ์ •์„œ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค 600๋ช…์„ ํŽธ์˜ ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ(์ด์„ฑ์  ร— ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ, ์ด์„ฑ์  ร— ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ร— ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ, ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ร— ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ)์— ๋ฌด์„  ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2014๋…„ 7์›” ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฒ˜์น˜์™€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 495๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณผ ์€ ์ผ์›๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ, ์™€ ์€ ์ˆœ์„œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ด์„ฑ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ๊ณผ ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์€ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ •์„œ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ์†Œํ™€ํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ๋‚˜์„œ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ํž˜๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์„ ๋•๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์˜ ๊ตญ์ ์— ๊ตฌ์•  ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์ด ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋•๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋งŒ ์น˜์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๋งŽ์€, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํŠนํžˆ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋„์ž… ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •์„œ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•™ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์ด ๊ฒช๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  6 1. ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ต์œก 6 (1) ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 6 (2) ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ต์œก์  ์˜์˜ 7 2. ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 9 (1) ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 9 (2) ์ด์„ฑ์  vs. ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 11 (3) ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ vs. ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 29 (4) ํ•ด์„ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 50 3. ๊ด€์—ฌ๋„์™€ ์„ค๋“ 60 (1) ๊ด€์—ฌ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 60 (2) ๊ด€์—ฌ๋„์™€ ์„ค๋“ ํšจ๊ณผ 61 4. ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ณผ ์นœ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™ 66 (1) ๊ณต๊ฐ์˜ ์ •์˜ 66 (2) ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋„์›€ ํ–‰๋™ 71 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 77 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 77 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€์ธ๊ณผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 80 (1) ์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ธ 80 (2) ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ธ 81 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ํ‘œ์ง‘ 84 4. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 87 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 90 1. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 90 2. ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 92 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  97 1. ์š”์•ฝ 97 2. ๋…ผ์˜ 100 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 107 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 110 ๋ถ€๋ก-์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 124 Abstract 131Docto

    Emergency syndrom survellence system for early warning of bioterrorism : ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์„ค์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋‚ ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฌด์—ญ ์„ผํ„ฐ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ํƒ„์ €๊ท ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „๋Œ€๋น„๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ธ์„ฑ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๊ฐ์‹œ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ 121๊ฐœ์†Œ ์ค‘์•™, ๊ถŒ์—ญ์ง€์—ญ ์‘๊ธ‰์˜๋ฃŒ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ธ์„ฑ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์„ค์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„ ๋งค์ผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2002๋…„ 5์›” 13์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2003๋…„ 5์›” 13์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ฐ์‹œ์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ์„œ์šธ&#61598;๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์„ค์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ˆ˜์ธ์„ฑ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์–ด ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ฐ์‹œ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ 2002๋…„ 5์›” 13์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2003๋…„ 5์›” 13์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฐ›์€ ์„œ์šธ&#8228;๊ฒฝ๊ธฐํ™˜์ž 3,185๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ฯ‡ยฒ๊ฒ€์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ’ ์„ค์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.001), ํ˜ˆ๋ณ€์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.001), ๋ฐœ์—ด ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.001), ๋ณตํ†ต์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.001), ๊ตฌํ† ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.001), ํ™˜์ž์œ„์ค‘๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.005), ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.005), ์Šต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.005), ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…(p<.005)์ด ์ˆ˜์ธ์„ฑ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ฯ‡ยฒ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ธ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์€๋‹‰ ์ธต์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜•์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด 1๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋น„์œจ 0.4๋กœ 96%์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์œจ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ชจํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฌผํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋„ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์•„๋ž˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ‹€์ด์ƒ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋†’์€ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์„ค์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋กœ์„œ ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ฐ์‹œ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„, ์ˆ˜์ธ์„ฑ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ฐœ์ง„์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์—ด ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๋“ฑ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ์‹œ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Nowadays the international threats of terrors are increasing day by day. The terror attack on the World Trade Center in America and the anthrax bioterror broke out already, so the worldwide concerns of the new type of terrors are spreading. In case of Korea, the rate of the terror is more higher due to holding many international events. So the preparation, the emergency syndromic surveillance systems to detect the bioterror attacks and waterborne contagiousness early, has been settled. At present the datas which warns of epidemic due to bioterrors or waterborne contagiousness have been gathered everyday from the number of 121 center, branchs emergency departments in Korea. This research shows two type of models about 3,186 patients of Seoul, Kunggi with acute diarrhea reported to the emergency syndromic surveillance systems from 13th May 2002 to 13th May 2003. The first model can implement early warning with finding out the correlation with waterborne infection. With the results of the variable analysis with ฯ‡ยฒ about the 3,185 patients of Seoul. Kunggi reported from 13th May 2002 to 13th May 2003, a final diagnosis by diarrhea(p<.001), a final diagnosis by bloody excrement(p<.001), a final diagnosis by having fever(p<.001), a final diagnosis by a stomachache(p<.001), a final diagnosis by vomiting(p<.001), a final diagnosis by triage(p<.005), a final diagnosis by age(p<.005), a final diagnosis by humidity(p<.005), a final diagnosis by temperature(p<.005) are closely connected with a cause of waterborne infection. Then using the neural network among the data mining, this study shows the successful predictation rate of 96% in error rate of 0.4 with sensible variables through ฯ‡ยฒ analysis and the construction of one hidden layer which is near linearity. The second model is the early warning model to prevent the bioterror. But the presumption of bioterror is not able to accuracy, the assumption there are possible to occur bioterror leaded to strengthening plans. This study presented the warning model of 3 steps with a base of a reference consideration, internet surffing, studying foreign warning model and experts seminar. The steps of this model were : 1 step warning when upper than average deflection during last a week, 2 step warning when last 2 more days upper than average deflection during last a week, 3 step warning when report two times the number of cases than average deflection during last a week. This object is to detect and to prevent a countermeasure when the number of acute diarrhea syndrome surge. Actually there are some difficulties to adapt real system because of the limitation of the reliability and the representation of medical center. But the present study contribute to identify the problem of surveillance systems by supplying the current emergency syndromic early warning, as well as waterborne contagious etc. and to supply the opportunity to make a base of emergency syndromic surveillance warning system.ope

    ์•‰์€ ์ž์„ธ์—์„œ ์š”๋ถ€ ์ฒ™์ถ” ์ฃผ์œ„๊ทผ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž„์ƒ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์ด์‹œ์šฑ.Introduction: Trunk muscle weakness is a risk factor for low back pain. Prolonged sitting, mainly due to the sedentary lifestyle of modern society, can cause trunk muscle weakness. Superimposed electrical stimulation (ES) over the back extensor during strengthening exercise has been proven to increase muscle strength. The objective of this study was to assess the strengthening effect of ES on the paraspinal muscle during prolonged sitting. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects without low back pain were randomly assigned to an ES group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). ES was administered over the low lumbar paraspinal muscle in a seated posture at a maximal tolerable intensity for 60 min/day, three times a week, for 4 weeks. The same protocol was used in the control group, but at minimal intensity just over the sensory threshold. Isokinetic strength of the lumbar paraspinal muscles was evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks after ES, and 8 weeks after initiation of ES with an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical dynamometer system-4) at 60ยฐ/s and 120ยฐ/s angular velocities. Results: After 4 weeks of ES in a sitting position, the isokinetic extensor trunk muscle strength measured at 120ยฐ/s angular velocity significantly increased in the ES group (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. This effect was not maintained when measured at 4 weeks after the cessation of ES. Conclusions: ES in a sitting position is an effective and accessible rehabilitation treatment to improve the extensor trunk muscle strength of the lumbar paraspinal muscle, although the effect is short-term.Abstract i Contents iii List of tables and figures iv Introduction 1 Materials and methods 2 Results 8 Discussion 15 References 18 Abstract in Korean 21Maste

    Meta-analysis on the Effect of Adventure Education in Korea

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ต์œก๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทน๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์•ผ์˜, ์ž์—ฐ๊ถŒ ์ˆ˜๋ จํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ชจํ—˜๊ต์œก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์œก ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ต์œก์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•œ 16ํŽธ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ชจํ—˜๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „์ฒด ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ํ‰๊ท  ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋žœ๋คํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ชจํ—˜๊ต์œก์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 0.335์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ชจํ—˜๊ต์œก ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” 100์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ด 5๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ธ์ง€์ , ์ •์˜์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ , ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •์˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™€ ๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜๊ต์œก์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ชจํ—˜๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The purpose of this study was to search the possibility of adventure education in Korea. This meta-analysis analyzed 16 studies and calculated the standardized mean difference in effect size. As the result of homogeneity test, random-effects model was chosen. The overall effect size(d) of adventure education was positive with 0.335, which means a little lower than moderate. It was educationally significant. The studies in the area of adventure education reported over 100 kinds of effect variables. This study assorted them into cognitive, emotional, social, complex, and physical domains and calculated each effect size. As the result of comparing those domains, complex domain had the biggest effect size and next was emotional domain. They were educationally significant. By the comparison of Korean and abroad adventure education, this study suggested how to develop Korean adventure education
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