53 research outputs found

    Effect of poloxamers on the release of BSA from PLGA microspheres prepared by S/O/O emulsion method

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 2. ๊น€๋Œ€๋•.๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์œ ๊ธฐ์šฉ๋งค์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚จ ๋’ค ์œ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ด‰์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” (S/O/O) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž…์ž๋‚ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ด‰์ž…๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ ์˜ฅ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์™€ ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋ Œ ์˜ฅ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ฒด์ธ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๋Ÿ‰์ฒด ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์กฐ์ ˆ์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ S/O/O ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  PLGA ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ(BSA)์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์—์„œ 85% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ด‰์ž…๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ๊ฐ€ PLGA ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ๋‚ด์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ 1H-NMR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, BSA๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ‰๋ฐฉ์ถœ ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์–‘๊ณผ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘์€ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ SEM์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CD-spectra๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์ „ํ›„์— ๋ณ€์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด S/O/O ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of poloxamer in PLGA microsphere on the release pattern of model protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA). For this purpose, poloxamer was added to PLGA microspheres prepared by solid-in-oil-in-oil (S/O/O) emulsion method to increase protein stability and encapsulation efficiency. The BSA-loaded control PLGA microspheres showed average size of 20 ยตm and surface charge of -40 mV. addition of poloxamer in PLGA microspheres slightly increased both size and surface charge, regardless of poloxamer-type. All microspheres showed higher than 85% of encapsulation efficiency (EE), indicating that the effect of poloxamer in microsphere was negligible on the EE value. The initial release of BSA from the poloxamer-loaded PLGA microspheres was enhanced than control PLGA microsphere. Moreover, initial protein release from P85-modified PLGA microspheres increased up to 51%. The degradation of PLGA microspheres containing low molecular weight poloxamer (P85) was faster than that of PLGA microspheres containing high molecular weight poloxamer (F68). In conclusion, molecular weight of poloxamer in the microspheres prepared by S/O/O emulsion method is the major factor determining the in vitro release pattern of BSA from them.Maste

    Time Lag Approach and Policy Appropriateness : The Time Lag Approach in the Case of PC Bang Registration

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    ์‹œ์ฐจ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ 2002๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 20ํŽธ์˜ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹œ์ฐจ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ถ• ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ์ˆœ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” PC๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ๋ก์ œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ์‹œ์ฐจ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 2006๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํ–‰์„ฑ PC๋ฐฉ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ PC๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ๋ก, ์‚ฌํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ™”, ์‚ฌํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๋ฌผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์„ค์น˜ ์˜๋ฌดํ™”, ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ™” ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋“ฑ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์„œ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ƒ์Šน ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์ฑ… ์‹คํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ PC๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ๋ก์ œ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชฉ์ , ๋Œ€์ƒ, ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. PC๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ๋ก์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šน๊ด€๊ณ„-์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋…”๋˜ ์›์ธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ๋ชจ์ˆœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ์„œ, ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ฐจ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. The time lag approach has been discussed since its introduction to Korea in 2002. As a result, about 20 studies have been conducted. However, there has been no proper research on the chemical cause and effect relationship of policies,which is one of the important theoretical axes of the time lag approach. Therefore, this article examined how policy effects have varied with timing differences in the case of PC Bang registration. In the summer of 2006, the government adopted a policy of PC Bang registration, strengthening the standard for rating gambling and games of chance and instituted a ban on them. The government also adopted ban on the exchange of game currency for cash. These policies were meant to have a synergistic effect. However, the objective, target, and effect of PC Bang registration changed completely as the timing of execution was different. PC Bang registration is a case where a difference in timing of policy execution changed ascending relations and synergy into contradictory situational relations. This case explains the chemical cause and effect relations and meaningful implications of the time lag approach

    A study on the regulation paradigm of MMORPG cyberspace: focusing on the real money trade

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    ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” MMORPG ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ํ•œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ดํ…œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ MMORPG ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ์•„์ดํ…œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์ œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ MMORPG ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, MMORPG ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ MMORPG ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , MMORPG ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์•„์ดํ…œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ MMORPG ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ 3์ฐจ์›์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ, 0์ฐจ์›์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ MMORPG ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ ์•„์ดํ…œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ MMORPG ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. Recently, online game industry of Korea is growing up rapidly. The growth of online game industry brings new problem of regulation on RMT(Rea1 money trade) in online games. This article analyzed the traits of MMORPG Cyberspace, and the limitations of current regulation on RMT . The results showed that MMORPG Cyberspace which is three dimension cyberspace is very different from Internet Cyberspace which is zero dimention cyberspace. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate RMT, not by traditional regulation methods but by specific regulation methods on the basis of MMORPG Cyberspace trait

    ้›†ๅœ˜ๅ‰ตๆ„ๆ€ง ็Ÿฅ่ฆบ์˜ ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ่ฆๅ› ์— ้—œํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2000.Maste

    The Government-Business relations in Game Industry

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€-๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„์— ์„ฑ์žฅ๏ผŒ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์„œ๏ผŒ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์–ป๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Evans์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ๏ผŒ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ€ข ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€ ยท ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ์ž ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋ ฅ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๏ผŒ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํŒŒ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

    Research on the knowledge management factors in the ministry of finance and economy

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ 18๊ฐœ ์š”์ธ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค 18๊ฐœ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ 4๊ฐœ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด 4๊ฐœ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ง€์‹์ฐฝ์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์š”์ธ, ์ง€์‹์ถ•์ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํŠน์„ฑ์š”์ธ, ์ง€์‹๊ณต์œ  ๋ฐ ์ด์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์š”์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹ํ™œ์šฉ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํŠน์„ฑ์š”์ธ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. This paper was intended to search factors that influenced knowledge management in the knowledge management system of The Ministry of Finance and Economy. We extract 18 factors from the proceeding studies on knowledge management, and pick up 4 major factors including the 18 factors. Then, we investigate the relations between the 4 factors(leadership, culture, system and organization) and the level (production, accumulation, transfer and application) of knowledge utilization. The results of this study show that leadership factor influences the knowledge production, accumulation, transfer and application. Culture factor influences the knowledge accumulation, transfer and application. System factor influences the knowledge accumulation and application. And organization factor doesn't influences the knowledge management system. This results suggest that the factors influencing knowledge management are different from the level of knowledge utilization. So, each organizations should use the different strategy to develop knowledge management system according to one's object

    (A)Study on the regulation of real money trade in online game

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ,2006.Docto

    A Study of Factors Causing Civil Inconvenience in Regulatory Administration.

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    ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ •์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ •์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ถˆํŽธ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ • ๋ฏผ์›์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ • ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ • ๋ฏผ์›์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์š”์ธ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ •์ฑ… ์š”์ธ, ์ง‘ํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์š”์ธ, ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์š”์ธ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘๋ณต์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ์„ฑ, ๊ทœ์ œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ, ๊ทœ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๊ทœ์ œ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ง‘ํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ์ด๊ธฐ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์„œ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์  ํƒœ๋„ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ฏผ์›์ธ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถˆํŽธ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ •์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ์•  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฐ–์—๋„ ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ • ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทœ์ œํ–‰์ •๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์„ฑ, ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ, ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ํƒœ๋„ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค

    An analysis on rating errors by relative performance evaluation for public enterprises

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2007๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 75๊ฐœ ์ •๋ถ€์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 12๊ฐœ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 9๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฐ„ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ„ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŠน์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํŠน์ •์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์š”์ธ, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค ํ‰์ ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค ํ‰์ ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ •๋„์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค ํ‰์  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํ‰์ ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ์ •์  ํ‰์ ์—์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์šด์˜, ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‹œํ–‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. This paper analyzes the possible existence of rating errors by relative performance evaluation for Korean public enterprises. Data was collected from the 2007 erformance evaluation results for 75 Korean public enterprises. The results of the analysis show that rater errors are significantly involved in the process of relative performance rating among enterprises by individual indicators rather than among indicators by individual enterprises. In particular, such errors are found more significant in the ratings with lower scores rather than that with higher scores. The results are also found in the analysis by functional groups. These results suggest the complementary reconciliation of absolute rating by the level of performance and relative rating by forced distribution.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2007๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์›(๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ์‚ฌ์—…๋น„)์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ
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