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    ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ: ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž, ์ง€์—ญ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒด์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž?

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ํ•œ์ •ํ›ˆ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์  ์™ธ๊ต์•ˆ๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ํ™€์Šคํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ญํ•  ์ด๋ก ์€ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํƒœ๋„, ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด ์ค€ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ™€์Šคํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 17๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž, ์ง€์—ญ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒด์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„, ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค€ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ํ™€์Šคํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, 1970๋…„๋Œ€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 2020๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์™ธ๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์กฐ์•ฝ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์œ ์—”ํ‰ํ™”์œ ์ง€๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ™˜๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ์–‘์ž์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ค์งˆ์  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ์ธก์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ, ํŠน๋ณ„๊ธฐ๊ธˆ, ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ œ๊ณต ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…์ž์  ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ง€์›๊ณผ ์ธ์  ์ง€์›์„ ์—ด๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒ€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํš๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ง€์›์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ฑ…ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ง€์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ง€์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒด์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ง€์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ฑ…ํ˜‘์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠน๋ณ„๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„์—์„œ ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธˆ์•ก๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์•„์ง ์ผ๋ณธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์•ˆ๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์€ ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์€ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์™€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ฒด์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ ์€ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์™€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งง๊ณ  ์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์™ธ๊ต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.This research applies Holstis role theory derived from realist perspective on foreign security policy to evaluate the Republic of Koreas role and contribution to the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe. The role theory was introduced in the 1970s and this theory understands the role of the state as its foreign policy decision-making and its actions, and include attitude of the government, decisions and functions that are set together to be defined as the role. The application of this perspective contains numerous advantages throughout this research. Firstly, this theory enables South Korea to be compared with other Asian partnership for cooperation states such as Australia and Japan, who are already entitled with specific national roles assigned by Holsti. This is particularly because of the fact that, Australia with the regional protector role and Japan with the regional subsystem collaborator and the developer role, are eligible be to compare with South Korea as all of them are Asian partner states among seventeen different roles. Secondly, since Holsti left South Korea without any national role due to incomplete and insufficient data on its foreign policy and actions, it would be incredibly significant to define what role the ROK takes on in the 2020s that is quite different from the 1970s. Moreover, in the contribution dimension, this research delivers academic achievements as follows. This research gives important necessities on further studies on the OSCE, as the current studies tend to focus more on the United Nations, the UN Peacekeeping operations, and other regional security organizations such as the NATO or the ASEAN. By assessing South Koreas actual contribution to the OSCE that is not commonly discussed in the current literature, this paper aims to understand Koreas tangible contribution rather than simply focusing on the ROK-OSCE bilateral relationship. As this research concentrates on the contribution evaluation, it will include detailed assessment on partnership fund, special contribution, and personnel contribution provision. By following these steps, this research reveals similarities and differences between South Korea and Australia and Japan, who are Asian partnership for cooperation states. Therefore, this research could provide several crucial findings. First of all, in the regional protector role, Australia and South Korea were compared based on the partnership fund and policy cooperation. The result shows Australia has a slightly larger partnership fund than South Korea, while South Korea shows wider, and more diverse policy cooperation and this implies South Korea takes on regional protector role with weaker financial contribution but stronger policy contribution. Secondly, Japan and South Korea were compared according to the same contribution measurements from the first comparison. The result shows that Japan plays much a stronger financial contribution, while South Korea plays a wider, more diverse policy contribution in the regional subsystem collaborator role. Lastly, in the developer role Japan gives much a stronger contribution in both special funding and personnel dimension while South Korea shows its weakness and limitations as a latecomer. Thus, the role of the ROK to the OSCE covers the following features. Firstly, in the regional protector role, the Republic of Korea shows a slightly smaller financial contribution in the partnership fund than Australia and a wider and much diverse policy contribution than that of Australia. Secondly, South Korea clearly shows a much smaller financial contribution in the partnership fund than that of Japan, with a wider and much diverse policy contribution than Japan. Finally, in the developer role, the Republic of Korea shows shorter and smaller financial contribution in both special funding contribution and personnel contribution. By conducting an assessment on Koreas role and contribution, this research finds advantages and disadvantages from the three different roles, and these findings show what South Korea needs to improve in Koreas diplomacy in the near future.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Study of Background 1 1.2. Purpose of Research 3 Chapter 2. Literature Review 5 2.1. Realism and Middle Power 6 2.2. The OSCE, Northeast Asia, and South Korea 10 2.3. Roles, Motives, and Contributions 18 Chapter 3. Role Theory and Application 27 3.1. Holstis role theory 27 Chapter 4. OSCE 40 4.1. Overview 40 4.2. History and structure 42 4.3. Structure 50 4.4. Asian and Mediterranean Partners of the OSCE 56 4.5. South Korea-OSCE relations 63 Chapter 5. Korean Contribution: Three roles and analysis 67 5.1. Roles and States 67 5.2. Regional Protector 68 5.3. Regional Subsystem Collaborator 74 5.4. Developer 82 5.5. Role Evaluation 90 Chapter 6. Conclusion 92 Bibliography 95 Abstract in Korean 123์„

    <<่Šๅณฏ๏ง่ชช>>์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๆœ่ฉฉ ๋น„ํ‰ ๆจฃ็›ธ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ค‘์–ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต,2004.Maste

    Effects of Id2 deficiency in breast tumor initiation

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    ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ oncogene์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”ErbB2 (v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2)๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ํ™˜์ž์˜ 25%์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ErbB2์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ข…์–‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ErbB2 ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐฉ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํŠน์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์‹œํ‚จ ํ˜•์งˆ ์ „ํ™˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ Id2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2)์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ผ๋ จ์˜in vitro ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ErbB2์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด Id2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ErbB2์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ์„  ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ข…์–‘์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Id2์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ErbB2 ๋ฐ active-ErbB2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์™€ Id2 ๊ฒฐ์† ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ฐฐํ•œ ํ›„ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Id2๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์œ ์„ ์—์„œ๋Š” ErbB2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฐฉ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…์–‘์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ErbB2์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ข…์–‘์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ Id2๊ฐ€ ErbB2 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์—์„œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด์˜ ์œ ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ข…์–‘ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.ErbB2(v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2) have Oncogenic roles in many organs. ErbB2 expression is dramatically increased on 25% of breast cancer patients. There are many studies in respect of ErbB2 induced tumorigenesis, but we have shortfall in understanding of obvious molecular mechanism. In this study, we find abnormal hyper expression of Id2 in mammary gland tumors that grown in mammary specific ErbB2 expressed transgenic mouse. Through the series of in vitro experiments, we investigate that activation of ErbB2 directly regulates Id2 expression. Furthermore, for identify Id2s role in ErbB2 induced tumor forming step, we cross ErbB2 or active ErbB2 transgenic mouse with Id2 Knock out mouse. Next, we observe initiation and progression of tumor. In the case of Id2 deficient mammary gland, Even though ErbB2 expression is elevated, proliferation of mammary epithelial is remarkably decreased, and we do not find any tumor at all. In conclusion, this study define Id2 have critical role in induction of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and tumor formation on downstream of ErbB2 pathway.๋ชฉ์ฐจ(contents) โ… . ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ5 โ…ก. ์„œ๋ฌธ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ6 โ…ข. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 โ…ข-1. ErbB2 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ Id2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ…ข-2. ErbB2 ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด Id2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. โ…ข-3. Id2์˜ ๊ฒฐ์†์ด ErbB2์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ข…์–‘์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. โ…ข-4. Id2-/-; ErbB2 Tg์—์„œ ์ข…์–‘ ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. โ…ข-5. Id2์˜ ๊ฒฐ์†์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์–ต์ œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ข…์–‘์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋‹ค. โ…ฃ. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ27 โ…ค. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ32 โ…ค-1. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค โ…ค-2. ํ•ญ์ฒด โ…ค-3. ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋ฐ western blot ๋ถ„์„ โ…ค-4. ๋ฉด์—ญ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ โ…ค-5. Whole-mount analysis โ…ค-6. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR โ…ฅ. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ35 โ…ฆ. abstract โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ38Maste

    The Use of Twitter for fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic: The case of Governors and Senators in the United States

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2022. 8. ์—„์„์ง„.์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์žฌ๋‚œ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์žฌ๋‚œ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ํŠนํžˆ Twitter๋ฅผ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ๋‚œ ๋Œ€์‘์— ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์ด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ–‰์ •์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์˜ (1) ์ „์ฒด ํŠธ์œ—์ˆ˜, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์‹œ๊ธฐ ํŠธ์œ—์ˆ˜, ํŒ”๋กœ์ž‰์ˆ˜, ํŒ”๋กœ์›Œ์ˆ˜, (2) ์†Œ์†์ •๋‹น(๊ณตํ™”๋‹น, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŠธ์œ— ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2020๋…„ 01์›” 19์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2022๋…„ 04์›” 23์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 50๊ฐœ์ฃผ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ 48๋ช…๊ณผ ์ƒ์›์˜์› 99๋ช…์˜ ํŠธ์œ—์„ ํฌ๋กค๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์˜ ์†Œ์†์ •๋‹น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ์œ—์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ถ„์„(๋‹จ์–ด๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„, ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„, CONCOR ๋ถ„์„)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํŠธ์œ—์ˆ˜, ํŒ”๋กœ์ž‰์ˆ˜, ํŒ”๋กœ์›Œ์ˆ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์‹œ๊ธฐ ํŠธ์œ—์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ƒ์›์˜์›์€ ์†Œ์†์ •๋‹น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19 ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ํŠธ์œ— ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์˜๋ฏธ์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ์†์ •๋‹น์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19 ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ํŠธ์œ— ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์†Œ์† ์ƒ์›์˜์›์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19 ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ํŠธ์œ— ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋ง์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์˜ ์†Œ์†์ •๋‹น์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณดํŽธํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.Governments are increasingly using social media, especially Twitter, to provide information during crisis events, including the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is lack of research on how governments respond to crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, using social media. Accordingly, this study examines the governors and senators who used Twitter for administrative purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent to which they did so, and the content published. That is, this study set Research Questions to determine (1) differences between the governorsโ€™ and senatorsโ€™ total number of tweets, number of tweets during the COVID-19 period, number of followings and number of followers, and (2) semantic differences in the tweetsโ€™ content based on political party (Republican and Democratic). This study crawled tweets of 48 governors and 99 senators across 50 US states from January 19, 2020, to April 23, 2022, and examined them using descriptive statistical analysis. Additionally, this study analyzed their content using semantic network analysis; text-mining, word frequency analysis, centrality analysis, and CONCOR analysis were also performed. As a result, this study found no significant differences in Twitter usage level between the governors and senators of both political parties during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the standard deviation of tweets during COVID-19 was no significant compared to the total number of tweets, number of followings, and number of followers. Further, while no semantic difference existed in the content of governorsโ€™ COVID-19 keyword tweets depending on their party, such a difference was found for senators. This is because all governorsโ€™ tweets focused on health, while Republican senatorsโ€™ tweets also focused on the economy and political conflict. Therefore, although governments can use Twitter for rapid information dissemination and trust building, information bias can occur depending on the communicating officialโ€™s party affiliation. Therefore, federal guidelines are needed regarding active use of Twitter during crises. This study can serve as a reference for other countriesโ€™ governments, such as South Korea, in using social media during crises.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  12 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  12 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 15 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 15 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 16 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  18 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ–‰์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ 18 1. ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 18 2. ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์  19 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žฌ๋‚œ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ 22 1. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ 22 2. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19 ๋Œ€์‘๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ 22 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  25 1. ํ–‰์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ 25 2. ์žฌ๋‚œ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ 26 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 29 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 29 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 29 2. ๋ถ„์„ํ•ญ๋ชฉ 30 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์˜๋ฏธ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ถ„์„ 32 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 32 2. ๋ถ„์„์ ˆ์ฐจ 33 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 1) ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 36 2) ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋งˆ์ด๋‹๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 37 3) ์˜๋ฏธ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ถ„์„ 38 (1) ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 39 (2) CONCOR ๋ถ„์„ 40 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 43 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 43 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 43 1) ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์› 43 2) ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์›๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต 46 2. ์ •๋‹น๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 48 1) ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์› 48 2) ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์›์˜์›๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต 50 3. ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 53 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 56 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์˜๋ฏธ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ถ„์„ 58 1. ๋‹จ์–ด๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„ 58 1) ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ 58 2) ์ƒ์›์˜์› 61 2. ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 66 1) ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ 66 2) ์ƒ์›์˜์› 71 3. CONCOR ๋ถ„์„ 79 1) ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ 79 2) ์ƒ์›์˜์› 81 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 85 5. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 86 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  95 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  95 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ์–ธ 99์„
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