43 research outputs found
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A Human Embryo of Streeter Age Group XII
A human embryo that is thought to belong to age
group XII of Streeter's developmental horizon, is described. This embryo was obtained from a tubal
gestation to a 35-year old woman.
Although the large part of head portion was lost
212 serial sections could be made in fairly good condition.
The ovulation age of the embryo was 28 days.
The length of the embryo and the number of somites
could not be calculated because of the lost portion.
This embryo was characterized by forelimb bud,
optic vesicle, lung bud, bilateral active invasion of
epithelial cords in hepatic diverticulum, narrow yolk
sac, allantois, prominent mesonephric duct and meso"
nephric tubules, single atrium and urogenital sinus
Polysplenia in one of conjoined twins
The term "polysplenia" is used to indicate a
characteristic constellation of visceral anomalies. of
which the outstanding feature is a strong tendency
for normally asymmetric organs to develop more or
less symmetrically. Associated anomalies of the
polysplenia include various cardiovascular anomalies,
symmetrically bilabed lungs, and symmetrical hy
poarterial bronchi, while asplenia is accompanied by
cardiac malformations, symmetrically trilobed lungs
and epiarterial bronchi.
There is no reported case of polysplenia in Korean
literature, although a few cases of asplenia have
been reported. We studied a case of polysplenia in
one of conjoined twins, and this unusual combination
of rare anomalies is presented. This monoamniotic,
monochorionic conjoined twins were delivered by
caesarian section to a 29-year-old mother after 36
weeks of gestation, Prenatal diagnosis was twin pregnancy with breech presentation and premature
rupture of membrane. The conjoined twins had two
heads, two legs and two arms connected side by side
(dicephalus dipus dibr-achius). In one individual (A)
there were one heart, two lungs, one spleen and
one kidney. In the other one (B) of conjoined twins,
there were two bilobed lungs without heart, two
spleens and one kidney. The spleens were of same
size, connected by loose connective tissue. They
were located both in the left upper quadrant of the
body and weighed 8gm together. Both of them had
caudal indentations and showed normal red and white
pulps microscopically. As a whole, gastrointestinal
tract was duplicated down to the level of distal
ileum, where Meckel's diverticulum was found. There
were one liver with two gallbladders and three
adrenals. The anomalies of heart and great vessels
of the individual (A) were hypoplasia of left atrium
and ventricle, three superior vena cavae, atrial
septal defect, partial anomalous pulmonary venous
return, and vascular ring caused by aorta and pulmonary
artery. The individual (B) had no heart but
was connected to the cardiovascular system of individual
(A) via the descending aorta.
Special interest is put in this case on the concurrence
of poly splenia and conjoined twins. The heart
and the spleen develop at the same embryologic
period, during the gestation age from the .il st to the
10th day. It is considered that ucurrence of acardia
and polysplcnia only in one side of the conjoined
twins implies the importance of intrauterine environmental
factors related to genesis of the anomalies
of the heart and the spleen
A Human Embryo of Streeter Age Group XXII
A human embryo was obtained from a hysterectomy
specimen from a 41 years old woman who was
operated for the termination of pregnancy. The
embryo was 23.6mm, in length, and it was serially
sectioned in 4,um thickness and reconstructed with
701 section slides.
This embryo was cbaracterized by the thick cornea
forming the mesothelial layer, the optic nerve beginning
to form the sheath layer, turning down and
transitional stage of cochlear tip, remnant of incomplete
stalk of the hypophysis, reduced oral opening
of the vomeronasal organ, the submandibular gland
with the definite lumen in the oral part of the duct
and much branched long duct, few large spoon-shaped
capsule of the kidney with short secretory tubules
and early shaft shell in the cartilage and bone.
From above findings, we concluded that this em bryo
belonged to the age group XXII of Streeter's
developmental horizon
Neuroanatomic Study on Holoprosencephaly
In 1882 Kundrat grouped a number of cerebral
malformation under the designation of arhinencephaly.
In 1959, Yakovlev carefully studied
10 cases and pointed out that the term arhinencephaly
was a misnomer because parts of rhinenceph
alon were present. Subsequently,
the term holoprosencephaly has come into use
for this brain deformity.
In the past years , a number of reports have
appeared, pointing out the relationship between
the facial and cerebral manifestations, (DeMyer
et aI. , 1963: DeMyer et aI., 1964) familial
occurrence, (DeMyer et al .. 1963: Hintz et aI. ,
1968) endocrine dysgenesia, (Edmonds, 1950;
Haworth et aI. , 1961; Hintz et aI., 1968)
chromosomal abnormalities, (Godin et aI. , 1968;
Lorch et aI., 1978) bony change, (Siebert et aI. ,
1981) radiologic, (Kulander et aI. , 1966) echoen
cephalographic (Patel et aI., 1980) and computerized
tomographic changes (Derakhsh et aI. ,
1980). In this report, we are concerned about
the relationship between the facial and cerebral
manifestations and the certainty of the anteriorposterior
gradient. We also laid emphasis on
the changes of the pituitary gland and cerebelllum. And on the basis of our observations, we
reconsidered the pathogenesis of the holoprose"
ncephaly which has so far been presente
A Human Embryo of Streeter Age Group XVII
A human embryo that is thought to belong to age
group XVII of Streeter s developmental horizon is
described and reported. This embryo was obtained
incidentally from the hysterectomy specimen. It was
serially sectioned and was reconstructed with the 643
section slides
The length of the embryo was llmm. This embryo
was characterized by the formation of pituitary, for'
mation of one semicircular duct at the inner ear,thin
lens vesicle. marked pigmentation of the retina,
complete separation of the right and left atrioventric'
λΉa r canals , formation of the semilunar valves, incom
plete interventricular septum, and the separation of
aorta and pulmonary artery. The gonad was undiffeΒ·
rentiated and Muellerian duct was not observed
From the above findings, we concluded that this
embryo belonged to age group XVII of Streeters
delopmental horizon
Incidence of so-called in situ Neuroblastoma in the Fetal Adrenals
Neuroblastic cell nests seen in infant adrenal gland
are often called in situ neuroblastoma. The significance
of these neuroblastic cell nests in adrenals of
neonates is still in debate.
It has been the mainpoint of discussion whether
these neuroblastic cell nests could develop into clinical
neuroblastoma, and if so, what would be chance? It
was our purpose to examine the fetal adrenal glands
to determine the incidence of neuroblastic cell nests
in varying gestational periods. A total 113 pairs of adrenal from fetuses ranging from 10 to 42 weeks
and 13 neonates within one week of age were
removed at autopsy and serially sectioned.
The following results were obtained:
l. Neuroblastic cell nests were fairly commonly
seen in fetal adrenal glands, being 37. 2% in overall
incidence.
2. The incidence of neuroblastic cell nests in fetal
adrenals was remarkably different by different gestational
periods. In general the earlier the gestational
age, more often these cell nests were observed. Full
term fetuses and neonates were almost completely
devoid of neuroblastic cell nests in adrenal glands.
3. Although cytologically neuroblastic cell nests
seen in this study are indistinguishable from clinical
neuroblastoma, these cell nests showed a tendency
of regression in terms of frequency of finding
neuroblastic cell nests as fetal age advances.
4. Neuroblastic cell nests seen in fetal adrenal do
not appear to be normal embryological phenomenon
of adrenal medullary maturation
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