Urine Output During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Predicts Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Urine output is closely associated with renal function and has been used as a diagnostic criterion for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, urine output during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has never been identified as a predictor of postoperative AKI. Considering altered renal homeostasis during CPB, we made a comprehensible approach to CPB urine output and evaluated its predictability for AKI.Patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with the use of CPB, between January 2009 and December 2011, were retrospectively reviewed. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL in the first postoperative 48 hours. We extrapolated a possible optimal amount of urine output from the plot of probability of AKI development according to CPB urine output. After separating patients by the predicted optimal value, we performed stepwise logistic regression analyses to find potential predictors of AKI in both subgroups.A total of 696 patients were analyzed. The amount of CPB urine output had a biphasic association with the incidence of AKI using 4 mL/kg/h as a boundary value. In a multivariate logistic regression to find predictors for AKI in entire patients, CPB urine output did not show statistical significance. After separating patients into subgroups with CPB urine output below and over 4 mL/kg/h, it was identified as an independent predictor for AKI with the odds ratio of 0.43 (confidence interval 0.30-0.61) and 1.11 (confidence interval 1.02-1.20), respectively.The amount of urine output during CPB with careful analysis may serve as a simple and feasible method to predict the development of AKI after cardiac surgery at an early time point.ope

Deep neuromuscular block improves the surgical conditions for laryngeal microsurgery

BACKGROUND: Adequate neuromuscular block is required throughout laryngeal microsurgery. We hypothesized that the surgical conditions would improve under a deeper level of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. METHODS: Seventy-two patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery were randomly allocated to either the 'post-tetanic counts 1-2' (PTC1-2) group or the 'train-of-four counts 1-2' (TOFcount1-2) group according to the level of neuromuscular block used. Two different doses of rocuronium (1.2 or 0.5 mg kg(-1)) were used after anaesthetic induction, and two respective targets of neuromuscular block (post-tetanic counts ≤2 or train-of-four count of 1 or 2) were used. Surgical conditions were assessed by the surgeon using a five-point rating scale (extremely poor/poor/acceptable/good/optimal), and clinically acceptable surgical conditions were defined as those which were rated acceptable, good, or optimal. The occurrence of vocal cord movement and postoperative adverse events was assessed. RESULTS: The surgical conditions were significantly different between the PTC1-2 and TOFcount1-2 groups (extremely poor/poor/acceptable/good/optimal: 0/2/1/7/26 and 3/10/2/14/7, respectively, P<0.001). The incidence of clinically acceptable surgical conditions was significantly higher in the PTC1-2 group than in the TOFcount1-2 group (94 vs 64%, P=0.003). The percentage of patients who exhibited vocal cord movement was significantly lower in the PTC1-2 group than in the TOFcount1-2 group (3 vs 39%, P<0.001). The incidence of postoperative adverse events was not significantly different except for the less frequent occurrence of mouth dryness in the PTC1-2 group (P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Deep neuromuscular block (post-tetanic count of 1-2) surgical conditions in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery improves. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01980069.ope

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) 및 QT35 세포주를 이용한 erythropoietin 생산공정 및 무혈청 배지의 개발

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :공업화학과,1998.Maste

Correlations between Cell Abundance, Bio-volume and Chlorophyll a Concentration of Phytoplankton Communities in Coastal Waters of Incheon, Tongyeong and Ulsan of Korea

In order to estimate a better methodological factor to understand phytoplankton ecology between abundance and bio-volume of phytoplankton, each 1,160 phytoplankton data, including abundance, classification and chlorophyll a concentration were collected in Korean coastal waters of Incheon (Yellow sea), Tongyeong (South sea), and Ulsan (East sea). Based on these data, phytoplankton bio-volume can be calculated through a geometric model. The correlation coefficient between abundance and chlorophyll a concentration was higher than the coefficient between biovolume and chlorophyll a concentration, because a small size phytoplankton has relatively dense chlorophyll contents compared with the proportion of chlorophyll in a large size phytoplankton. Thus, the interpretation using abundance to understand phytoplankton ecology in Korean coastal waters may be more effective than that using bio-volume. 본 연구는 해양 식물플랑크톤의 개체수 및 생체량과chlorophyll a 농도간의 연관성을 파악하기 위하여 2000년부터 2010년까지 인천, 통영, 울산 해역의 34개 정점에서1160개 시료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 개체수와 chlorophyll a 농도가 생체량과 chlorophyll a 농도보다 높은 상관성을 보여 우리나라 연안해역에서는 1차 생산의 분석에 있어서 개체수 지표를 사용하는 것이 생체량을 사용하는 것보다 더 효율적일 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 좀더 자세한 결과를 도출하기 위해서는 시기별로 보다 많고, 정확한 생체량 데이터를 확보하고, 시기별 chlorophyll 함량 자료의 축적과 함께 국내 연안에서 적용 가능한모델 구축이 반드시 필요하다.33Nkciothe

Environmental studies in the lower part of the Han River. variations of seasonal dominant species and water quality in benthic diatom communties from 2001 to 2002

2001년부터 2002년까지 한강 하류에서 부착돌말류의 주요 우점종의 변화와 환경요인과의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 팔당대교, 영동대교, 행주대교 아래의 3개 정점을 선정하여 격주 간격으로 조사하였다. 조사 기간 중 수온은 계절적 영향을 받았으며, pH는 저수온기의 대발생종 Stephanodiscus hantzschii의 증가에 따라 초봄에 8.91까지 증가하다가 하계로 갈수록 점차 감소하였다. BOD, COD, 총질소, 총인, 암모니아 및 인산염은 갈수기인 겨울철에 증가를 하다가 강우시기인 여름철에 낮아졌으며, 규산염은 인산염과 무기질소의 변동과 반대로 겨울철에 급격히 낮아졌으며, 여름철에 다시 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 계절별로 우점한 부착돌말류의 종류와 비율은 봄철에 Daitoma vulgare (64.54%), Fragilaria capucina (14.81%), 여름철에 Navicula cryptocephala (13.38%), Aulacoseira granulata (12.98%), F. capucina var. gracilis (11.49%)였고, 가을철에 Cocconeis placentula (28.39%), N. goeppertiana (11.99%), N. pupula var. pupula (18.54%), 그리고 겨울철에는 D. vulgare (20.87%), F. capucina var. gracilis (21.52%), N. goeppertiana (23.18%)로 계절별 우점종의 비율의 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 주요 우점종과 환경요인과의 상관 분석에서는 수온 및 총인, 규산염이 높은 상관계수를 보였다.2

Dynamics of Host-Driven Viral Community and Auxiliary Metabolic Genes by latitudinal gradient

Auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) encoded by viruses are pivotal in modulating host metabolism and driving microbial biogeochemical cycles across diverse ecosystems. AMGs play a crucial role in processes such as nutrient cycling, carbon fixation, and energy flow, making them key components in regulating ecosystem functions. Bacteriophages often carry AMGs, empowering them to boost their host&apos;s metabolism or enhance virus fitness. Understanding the factors influencing AMG analysis within viral communities is essential for elucidating the complex interactions between viruses, hosts, and their environments. To explore the ecological diversity and metabolic functions of viral communities, we analyzed AMGs across latitudinal gradients, focusing on the Arctic (Svalbard, Norway), Temperate (Tongyeong, South Korea), and Tropical (Chuuk, Micronesia) regions using metagenomic analysis. Our findings revealed that bacteriophage communities in the Temperate and Tropical regions exhibited similar AMG analysis, particularly associated with photosynthetic electron transport and productivity. In contrast, viral communities in the Arctic region displayed distinct AMG analysis, focusing on genes involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, a crucial process for cold adaptation. These differences likely reflect the selective pressures imposed by varying environmental conditions, such as temperature and light availability. This study reveals the adaptive roles of viruses in modulating host metabolism through distinct AMG analysis across different ecosystems. It emphasizes the importance of AMGs in microbial biogeochemical processes and sets the stage for future research on their global distribution and ecological significance.2

A study on phytoplankton distributions of winter season in coastal waters of east sea, Korea

본 연구는 2009년 1월 21일부터 23일까지 단기간 내 겨울철 동해 연안에서 출현하는 식물플랑크톤의 전반적인 분포를 조사하고자 실시되었다. 위도에 따라 부산에서 고성까지 총 33개의 정점을 선정하였고, 표층수를 대상으로 하여 식물플랑크톤 네트와 폴리에틸렌병을 통해 채집하였다. 본 조사에서 총 92분류군의 식물플랑크톤이 관찰되었고, 이들은 규조류 73종, 와편모조류 10종, 편모조류 4종, 규질편모조류 3종, 그리고 유글레나류 2종으로 구성되었다. 정점간 현존량은 최저 3.75 X 103 (정점 6, 읍천방파제) 에서 최고 1.18 X 105 (정점 7, 감포항) 이었고, 분류군의 출현수는 최저 3분류군 (정점 12, 북부해수욕장)에서 최고 31분류군(정점 6, 읍천방파제) 이었다. 현존량과 종 다양성은 서로 비례하였고, 전 정점에 걸쳐 전반적으로 두드러지게 우점하는 종은 없었다. 서로 근접하는 두 정점간의 상이한 현존량을 보이는 것으로 보아 식물플랑크톤의 분포가 더 국소적으로 나타난다 사료된다. 특정 지역에 대한 장기간의 지속적인 모니터링과 달리 단기간 내 동해 전반에 걸친 본 조사에서 위도에 따른 각 정점간의 식물플랑크톤 분포의 변화 양상은 뚜렷이 나타나지 않았고, 오히려 정점별로 상이한 결과를 보였다.2