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    ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–‘(๊ต)์‚ฌ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์„ผํ„ฐ์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ์œค์ง€ํ˜„.ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์›์ด ํ˜„๋ฌผ๋กœ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก 2006๋…„์— ๋ฒ•์ œํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2011๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์— ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 1,600์–ต ์› ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ 20์—ฌ๊ฐœ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–‘(๊ต)์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, 2011๋…„์— ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ „๊ตญ 21๊ฐœ ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2012๋…„ 11์›”, ์šฐํŽธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ 18๊ฐœ์†Œ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜•(1๊ฐœ์†Œ), ๊ด€๋ฆฌยท๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜•(5๊ฐœ์†Œ), ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜•(12๊ฐœ์†Œ)์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ 4๊ฐœ์†Œ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฒ•์ธ์ด 2๊ฐœ์†Œ, ๋†ํ˜‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๋†์—…๋ฒ•์ธ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 6๊ฐœ์†Œ์”ฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด 17๊ฐœ์†Œ ์ค‘ 7๊ฐœ์†Œ๋Š” ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , 6๊ฐœ์†Œ๋Š” ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ถ•์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ’ˆ์„, 4๊ฐœ์†Œ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ๋„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด€๋‚ด์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋น„์œจ(86.1%)๊ณผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋น„์œจ(85.7%)์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜์œ„ํƒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ผํ„ฐ ์šด์˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ ์šด์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ œ๋„ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€์›, ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑโ€ค๊ณต์ต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์˜์–‘(๊ต)์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ด‘์—ญ์„ผํ„ฐ 2๊ฐœ์†Œ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ผํ„ฐ 2๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–‘(๊ต)์‚ฌ ์ด 1,102๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2011๋…„ 7์›”, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์‘๋‹ต์ž 593๋ช…(์‘๋‹ต๋ฅ  53.8%) ์ค‘ ์‘๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•œ 15๋ช…์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 578๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ ๊ถŒ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(55.5%). ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ์šด์˜์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์–‘(๊ต)์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค(5์  ์ฒ™๋„์˜ 3.3์ ). ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆโ€ค์‹ ์„ ๋„, ๋ฐฐ์†ก์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ, ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€(3.6์  ์ด์ƒ) ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ˜ํ’ˆโ€ค๊ตํ™˜์˜ ์šฉ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(3.0์  ์ดํ•˜)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค(35.1%). ๊ตฌ๋งค์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ(37.9%)๊ณผ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ(25.1%)์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ผ๊ด„๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„(54.5%) ๋…์ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(63.8%). ๋˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(86.7%). ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ณ (์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1) ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ(์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2) ์„ผํ„ฐ 1๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2012๋…„ 7์›” ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ์šด์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž, ๊ด€๋ จ ๋†๊ฐ€, ์˜์–‘(๊ต)์‚ฌ, ๋ฐฐ์†ก์—…์ฒด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2๋ช…์”ฉ, ์ด 8๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์ ‘ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋…น์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„๋กœ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 6๋ช…์ด ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ ์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ธํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์†Œ๋น„์ด‰์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ์€ ์„ผํ„ฐ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ช…๊ฐ, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€์š”์ธ์€ ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์  ์šด์˜์ฒด๊ณ„, ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ฒด๊ณ„, ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ, ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋‚ฉํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์€ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–‰์ •์ โ€ค์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์› ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์ž์™€ ์šด์˜์ž ์–‘์ธก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์–‘์ โ€ค์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 1. ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹ 7 1) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์ • 7 2) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œํ˜„ํ™ฉ 8 3) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  12 2. ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ 18 1) ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„ 18 2) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ์ • 23 3) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 25 4) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 27 5) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 35 3. ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ 39 1) ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ด์šฉ 39 2) ์™ธ๊ตญ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ด์šฉ 42 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1: ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 55 1. ์„œ๋ก  55 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 58 1) ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 58 2) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ 59 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 60 1) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 60 2) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์œ ํ†ต ๊ด€๋ จ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 65 3) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์šด์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ 71 4. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  76 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2: ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–‘(๊ต)์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ 78 1. ์„œ๋ก  78 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 80 1) ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 80 2) ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 81 3) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ 82 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 84 1) ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 84 2) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ˜„ํ™ฉ 85 3) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 87 4) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ 89 4. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 93 5. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  98 โ…ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3: ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ 100 1. ์„œ๋ก  100 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 102 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 102 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 103 3) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ 106 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 107 1) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 107 2) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 112 3) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ 117 4) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ 126 4. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  128 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 130 1. ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  130 2. ์ œ์–ธ 142 1) ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 142 2) ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 145 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 147Docto

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    Characteristics and Industrial Linkages of Science Parks : A Case Study of the United Kingdom

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    1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์„ฑ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ยท ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ , ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 40์—ฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์˜๊ตญ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์ƒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์—…, ์ž๋ฌธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ธฐ์—…์ง€์› ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” 18.5๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฐฝ์—…๋ฅ ๋„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž…์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž…์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์ถœ๋น„ ์ค‘, ์„ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฑด์ˆ˜, ๊ธฐ์—…์ฃผ์˜ํ•™๋ ฅ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜• ๊ธฐ์—…์ด Scotland, North West, Wales ๋“ฑ์—๋„ ์ž…์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ช…๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์†์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€์ž…์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ์ค‘ ๋จผ์ € ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹ ์„ค๊ธฐ์—… ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž…์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—…์ค‘ ์•ฝ1/5์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹ ์„ค๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚จ๋ถ€๋ถ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹ ์„ค๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๋‹จ์ง€๋“ค๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์†์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹ ์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. A rapid growth of science parks worldwide since 1980s is caused by both the widespread perception that technological innovation is the essential element for the economic development and the notified cases of successful high technology cluster lie Silicon Valley. This study investigates the characteristics and industrial linkages of science parks and suggests the implications for regional economic development. For this purpose, science parks in the United Kingdom were chosen and 271 tenant firms were surveyed by the questionnaire. Firstly, science parks in the U.K. are mainly occupied with the computer-related industries, consulting, technical services and business services. Majority of the firms are very small, represented by the average employment, 18.5 per firm. In addition, the level of new firm formation is not so high ghat the role of the science park as a tool for employment creation seems to be marginal. However, analyzed in terms of R&D employment and expenditure, new product launches, patent registration, qualifications of the founder, self-rated technological level and the like, the technological level of the science parks in the U. K. reveals very high. Besides, a high proportion of tenant firms are engaged in the R&D activities. With these technological characteristics, science parks appear to play an important role in the development of high -tech industries in the long terms. The effect of science parks on regional economic development depends on these characteristics. Generally the parks located in the South' are more successful and more sophisticated in terms of technological level. But some R&D intensive firms identified to be more sophisticated in technological terms are located in the North, especially Scot1and, North West, Wales. It is understood that the science parks in the peripheral region can be revita1ized when they have close relationships with excellent universities in capable of technological exploitation. One fifths of tenant firms on science parks is represented as spinoff. Yet there is no difference in terms of the spinoff rate between the North and the South. It represents that some of the science parks located in the Northare also well equipped with the firm formation environment

    Cyclic fatigue of the sodium hypochlorite treated and /or steam autoclaved nickel-titanium endod

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์•„์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์šฉ์•ก ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์••์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฉธ๊ท ์ด ๊ทผ๊ด€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ Ni-Ti ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ํ”ผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ํŒŒ์ผ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ #30์ด๊ณ  .06 taper๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” Hero642๏ผŸ์™€ K3๏ผŸํŒŒ์ผ 70๊ฐœ๋ฅผ 10๊ฐœ์”ฉ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 6% ์ฐจ์•„์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์šฉ์•ก์— 15๋ถ„(N15๊ตฐ), 30๋ถ„(N30๊ตฐ), ๊ณ ์••์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฉธ๊ท ์€ 121 โ„ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„, 0.12 MPa์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์—์„œ 20๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ ํšŒ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ 5ํšŒ(H5๊ตฐ), 10ํšŒ(H10), ๊ณ ์••์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฉธ๊ท  5ํšŒ ํ›„ ์ฐจ์•„์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์šฉ์•ก 15๋ถ„(H5N15), ๊ณ ์••์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฉธ๊ท  10ํšŒ ํ›„ ์ฐจ์•„์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์šฉ์•ก 30๋ถ„(H10N30) ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ํ”ผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ํŒŒ์ ˆ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ดˆ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ํ”ผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ ˆ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 95%์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋กœ one-way analysis of varience๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋น„๊ต๋Š” Tukey ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ํ”ผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ ˆ์— ์†Œ์š”๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ Hero642๏ผŸ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, K3๏ผŸ๋Š” N15, N30, H5N15๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(P<0.05).์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ Hero642๏ผŸ์™€ K3๏ผŸ๋ชจ๋‘ N15, N30 ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋‚ ์ด ๋ถ€์‹์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์ผ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋œ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋น—์‚ด๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, N15๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด N30๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Hero642๏ผŸ๋ณด๋‹ค K3๏ผŸ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์‹๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. H5๊ตฐ๊ณผ H10๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” K3๏ผŸํŒŒ์ผ์€ ๋‚  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด๋””์–ด์ง„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , Hero642๏ผŸ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ H10๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋น—์‚ด๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด๋””์–ด์ง„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. H5N15๊ตฐ๊ณผ H10N30๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ K3๏ผŸํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์†Œ๋… ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์•„์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์šฉ์•ก๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์••์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฉธ๊ท ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถ”์ฒœ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ์•„์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์šฉ์•ก ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ์ถœ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ๋ถ€์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ํ”ผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ ˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]โ… . Objectives : Sodium hypochlorite and steam autoclaves are used to sterilize nickel-titanium rotary endodontic files. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite and steam autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium endodontic files.โ…ก. Materials and MethodsTwo types of files with a .06 taper and #30 were used in this study, K3๏ผŸ(SybronEndo, Glendora, California, USA) and Hero642๏ผŸ(Micro-Mega, Besan&ccedil;on, France).The files were divided into the following 6 experimental groups containing 10 files each group.Group N15 : soaking in 6% sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes.Group N30 : soaking in 6% sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes.Group H5 : 5 cycles of steam autoclave at 121โ„ƒ, 0.12MPa for 15 minutes.Group H10 : 10 cycles of steam autoclave at 121โ„ƒ, 0.12MPa for 30 minutes.Group H5N15 : 5 cycles of steam autoclave followed by 15 minutes in a sodium hypochlorite solution.Group H10N30 : 10 cycles in steam autoclave followed by 30 minutes in a sodium hypochlorite solution.After sterilization, a cyclic fatigue test was performed on each file, and the fracture time was recorded in seconds. The control group underwent the cyclic fatigue test only.After the test, the surface characteristics of the files were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).โ…ข. ResultsAll groups containing the Hero 642๏ผŸfiles showed a similar cyclic fatigue fracture time. However, the cyclic fatigue fracture time with the K3๏ผŸ files was significantly shorter in the N15, N30 and H5N15 groups than in the control group(P<0.05). SEM revealed both Hero642๏ผŸ and K3๏ผŸ files to have significant corrosion on the file surface in the N15 and N30 groups, compared with the sharp and regular blades of the control group. The N30 group showed a much more destructive pattern than the N15 group, and the K3๏ผŸ files showed more corrosion than the Hero642๏ผŸ files. Bluntness of the blades of the K3๏ผŸ file was observed in the H5 and H10 groups . Although there was no obvious destruction on the surface of the H10 group in Hero642๏ผŸ files, slight bluntness was observed. There was no significant morphological difference between the H5N15 and H10N30 groups.โ…ฃ. ConclusionSterilizing with a steam autoclave is much less destructive to K3๏ผŸ files than sodium hypochlorite. Therefore, when using sodium hypochlorite solution, the exposure time should be as short as possible in order to prevent corrosion and increase the cyclic fatigue fracture time.ope

    Characteristics and industrial linkages of science parks : a case study of the United Kingdom

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ,1999.Docto

    ํ—ฅ์‚ฌ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ชจ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ๋„๋ฐ์นธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋งค์ฒด(๋Œ€๊ธฐ, ํ‘œ์ธตํ† , ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€, ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ, ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ) ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋งค์ฒดํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด ๋น„์œจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    MasterHexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) contamination and its diastereomeric profile were investigated in a multi-media environment along a river at the local scale in air, soil, sludge, sediment, and fish samples. The spatial distribution of HBCD in each matrix showed a different result. The highest concentrations of HBCD in air and soil were detected near a general industrial complex; in the sediment and sludge samples, they were detected in the down-stream region (i.e., urban area). Each matrix showed the specific distribution patterns of HBCD diastereomers, suggesting continuous inputs of contaminants, different physicochemical properties, or isomerizations. The particle phases in air, sludge, and fish matrices were dominated by ฮฑ-HBCD, owing to HBCDโ€™s various isomerization processes and different degradation rate in the environment, and metabolic capabilities of the fish; in contrast, the sediment and soil matrices were dominated by ฮณ-HBCD because of the major composition of the technical mixtures and the strong adsorption onto solid particles. Based on these results, the prevalent and matrix-specific distribution of HBCD diastereomers suggested that more careful consideration should be given to the characteristics of the matrices and their effects on the potential influence of HBCD at the diastereomeric level
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