20 research outputs found
A Study for Temporary Use of Urban Space Focused on Collaborative Design : The Case of Bogwang-dong, Yongsan-gu
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ νκ²½λνμ : νκ²½μ‘°κ²½νκ³Ό, 2013. 2. μ‘°κ²½μ§.λμμ λν κ΄μ μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μΌλ°©μ μΈ κ³νμ΄ μ€μ λμμ μΌμμνμ λ΄λ κ²κ³Όλ μ 리λμ΄ μλ€λ λΉνμ ν΅ν΄ μ μ°¨ λ³ννκ³ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬ν λ³νμ ννΈμμ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©(Temporary uses)μ λ€μν 주체λ€μ νλ ₯μ ν΅ν΄ μμ κ³νμ΄ κ΄λ¦¬νμ§ λͺ»νλ μκ°μ ν, νΉμ 곡κ°μ νμλ₯Ό 맀μ λκ°κ³ μλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μ΄λ¬ν νμμ λ°°κ²½μΌλ‘ λμ곡κ°μ μΌμμ νμ© λ°©μμ κ³ μ°°νλ κ²μ λͺ©μ μΌλ‘ νλ€. νΉν μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ νΉμ±μ΄ μ¬λ¬ 주체μ νλ ₯ κ³Όμ μ κΈ°μΈνλ€κ³ λ³΄κ³ νλ ₯μ λμμΈμ κ΄μ μμ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ λ°λΌλ³΄μλ€. μ΅κ·Ό μλ‘κ² λ±μ₯νκ³ μλ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ κ΅λ΄μΈ μ¬λ‘ λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ νλ ₯μ λμμΈμΌλ‘μ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ κ³ λ €μ¬νκ³Ό μμλ₯Ό λμΆνκ³ , μ΄ν κ³ λ €μ¬νμ ν΅ν΄ μ€μ λμμ§μΈ μ©μ°κ΅¬ 보κ΄λμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ λμμ κ°λ₯μ±μ λͺ¨μν΄λ³΄λ κ³Όμ μ κ±°μ³€λ€.
μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ μ°μ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μ±κ³΅μ μΈ κ΅λ΄μΈ μ¬λ‘ 8κ°λ₯Ό νλ ₯ κ³Όμ λΆμκ³Ό 곡κ°μ λΆμμ λ κ°μ§ μΈ‘λ©΄μΌλ‘ λΆμνμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λμΆν΄ λΈ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μμλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€.
첫째, μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μ΄μ©λμ§ μλ 곡κ°μ μ¬λ°κ²¬ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ λμμ νλ ₯μ μ¦μ§μν¨λ€. μ μν μ νμ§ λͺ»νλ λμ곡κ°λ€μ λνλμ΄ μ£Όλ³ μ§μμ μμ κ³Ό νλ ₯κΉμ§ μννλ€. μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μ΄λ¬ν λΉμ΄μλ 곡κ°μ μλ―Όμ νλμ λ΄λ μ₯μλ‘ λ³νμν€λ©° λμμ νλ ₯κ³Ό λ€μμ±μ κΈμ μ μΈ μν μ νλ€.
λμ§Έ, μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ νλ ₯μ ν΅ν΄ λμκ° λ³ννλ κ³Όμ μμ λΉ λ₯΄κ² λμν μ μλ μ₯μ μ΄ μλ€. λλΆλΆμ λλμλ€μ μμ κ³Ό κ°μ μ μν κ°λ°μ΄ μ΄λ €μ΄ μν©μ λμ¬ μμ§λ§ λμλ―Όλ€μ μꡬλ λμ± λΉ λ₯΄κ² λ³ννκ³ μλ€. μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μλ μλ―Όμ΄ μ€μ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μ£Όμ²΄λ‘ μ°Έμ¬ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ λμ νμ₯μ λ³νμ μλ―Όμ μꡬλ₯Ό μ½κ² νμ
ν μ μμΌλ©°, μ΄μ λμνμ¬ μ λΉμ©μΌλ‘ μλ―Όμ μ¦κ°μ μΈ λ°μμ μ΄λμ΄ λΌ μ μλ€.
μ
μ§Έ, μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ λΉκ³΅μμ μΈ λμλ¬Ένλ₯Ό μ¦μ§μμΌ λ€μν μΆμ λ°©μμ μ‘μ±νλ€. μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ©λ λ΄μ ν¬ν¨λκΈ° μ΄λ €μ΄ λμλμ
λ±μ λ€μν νμκ° μΌμ΄λ μ μλ μΆμ μ€νμ€κ³Ό κ°λ€. μ΄λ νμΌν λμ΄μλ λμμ μνμ λν λμμ μ μν΄ μ£Όλ©° μΆμ λ°©μμ λ€μνκ³ νλΆνκ² νλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λμΆλ κ³ λ €μ¬νμ λ°λΌ λμμ§μΈ μ©μ°κ΅¬ 보κ΄λ μ§μμ κ°λ₯μ±μ κ³ μ°°νμλ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ‘ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ κ²°λ‘ μ λμΆν μ μμλ€.
첫 λ²μ§Έλ‘ μΌμμ 곡κ°μ μμ μ μΈ νμ©μ μν΄μλ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ 주체λ₯Ό μ‘μ±νλ κ³Όμ μ΄ μ€μνλ€. κ° μ£Όμ²΄κ°μ νλ ₯μ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ νμμ μ΄λ©° νΉν μ±κ³΅μ μΈ μ¬λ‘μ κ²½μ° κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μ£Όμ²΄κ° μ±μ₯νκ³ νλ ₯ 체μ κ° κ°νλλ κ³Όμ μ΄ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κΈ΄λ°ν νλ ₯ 체μ κ° κ΅¬μ±λμμ κ²½μ° μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ 곡κ°μ μ΄λνκ±°λ νμ₯, μμ μ μΌλ‘ μ μ§νλ©΄μ λ λ§μ μλ―Όμ μ°Έμ¬λ₯Ό μ΄λμ΄ λΌ μ μλ€.
λμ§Έ, νμ κ³Όμ μ μμνκ² λκΈ° μν μ§μ λ°©μμ΄ μ€μνλ€. λͺ¨λ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ 곡곡μ μ§μ 체μ μμ ν¬ν¨μν¬ μλ μμ§λ§ μλ°μ μΈ μ΄μ©μ μ΄μ§νκΈ° μν λ°©μμ κ³ λ €ν΄μΌ νλ€. μλ―Όμ΄ μ§μ λμ곡κ°μ νλ°ν μ΄μ©μ μ΄λμ΄ λμ λ 곡κ°μ λ³Έλ μλ―ΈμΈ μ¬νμ μ μ΄μ΄ μ¦μ§ λ μ μμΌλ©° λ€μν νμλ₯Ό ν΅ν νλ ₯μ μ΄λμ΄ λΌ μ μλ€λ μ μ κ³ λ €νμ¬ μ΄μ λν κ°μΉλ₯Ό λ€μ μκ°ν΄μΌ νλ€.
μ
μ§Έ, κ΅λ΄μμλ λμκ° λ³ννλ κ³Όμ μμ μ λΉμ©μΌλ‘ λΉ λ₯΄κ² λμν μ μλ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μ₯μ μ νμ©ν νμκ° μλ€. 보κ΄λκ³Ό κ°μ μ¬κ°λ° μμ μ§μμ μ ν΄λ κ΅λ΄ κ°λ° λ¬Ένμ κΈ°μΈνκ³ μλ κ²μΌλ‘, μ΄λ κ°λ° κ³Όμ μ λν κ³ λ € μμ΄ λ³΄μ‘΄ νΉμ κ°λ°μ λ μΈ‘λ©΄λ§μ λκ³ κ΄μ κ²°μ μλ§ μμ‘΄νκ² λκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ§μμ΄ λμ΄λκ³ μλ κ²μ κ³ λ €νμμ λ κ°λ° κ³Όμ μ κ΄λ¦¬νλ κ²μ΄ μ μ λ μ€μν λ¬Έμ κ° λκ³ μμΌλ©° μΌμμ 곡κ°μ μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ νμ©λ μ μλ€.
μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μλ‘κ² λ±μ₯ν κ°λ
μ΄μ§λ§ μ΅κ·Ό λμμ€κ³, μ‘°κ²½λΆμΌμμ λ€λ£¨μ΄μ§λ λ§μ λ
Όμλ€κ³Ό λ§₯λ½μ ν¨κ» νλ€. μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄ λ€μν λμ μ΄μ©μλ₯Ό μν λμ곡κ°, μλ―Όμ μ£Όμ²΄λ‘ ν λμ곡κ°μ μ‘°μ± λ° μ΄μ κ΄λ¦¬, λμ μ ν΄κ³΅κ°μ μ¬μ‘°λͺ
λ±μ λ
Όμλ€μ΄ κ·Έλ¬νλ€. κ·Έλ κΈ° λλ¬Έμ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ λ°λΌ λ€μν μΈ‘λ©΄μμ λ°λΌλ³Ό μ μλ μ¬μ§κ° μλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ κ°λ
μ μλ‘κ² μ‘°λͺ
νκ³ κ΅λ΄μΈ μ¬λ‘λ₯Ό μμ§νμ¬ μ΄ν μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ λν λ€μν λ
Όμμ κΈ°μ΄μ μΈ μλ£λ₯Ό ꡬμ±νλ κ²λ νλμ μμλ‘ μΌλλ€. νΉν νμ¬μ κ°μ΄ κ°λ° μλκ° μ νλλ μν©μμ μ΄μ λ°λΌ μ΄μ©λμ§ μλ 곡κ°μ΄ λμ΄λλ νμμ΄ μμΌλ‘λ μ§μλ κ²μ΄λΌ 보μμ λ, μ΄λ₯Ό νμ©νκΈ° μν μ°½μμ μΈ λ°©λ²μ λν νμμ±μ λμ± μ¦λλ κ²μ΄λΌ μμνλ©° λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬κ° κ·Έλ₯Ό μν νλμ μμκ° λκΈΈ λ°λλ€. μ΄ν λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμ λ€λ£¨μ§ λͺ»νμκ±°λ λ―Έν‘νκ² μΈκΈλ λ€μν μΈ‘λ©΄μ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό κΈ°λνλ€.μ 1μ₯ μ λ‘
μ 1μ μ°κ΅¬μ λ°°κ²½ λ° λͺ©μ
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μ 3μ μ νμ°κ΅¬ λν₯
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μ 3μ₯ κ΅λ΄μΈ μΌμμ κ³΅κ° νμ©μ μ¬λ‘ λΆμ
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2. [μ§μ 곡λ체 νμ©] μμΈμ, μ¬μ±νκ²½μ°λ
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4. λ‘μ, λ‘μ μλ
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1. κ³΅κ° λ°κ΅΄ : 보κ΄λμ 곡곡곡κ°κ³Ό μ ν΄κ³΅κ°
2. μΈμ μμ λ°κ΅΄ : 보κ΄λ μ¬ν ꡬμ±μμ λ³ν
μ 3μ κ°λ₯μ± μ±μ₯ : 보κ΄λμ λ¬Έν주체 μ‘μ± κ³Όμ
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AbstractMaste
Effects of methyl ethyl ketone on the enhancement of Ag leaching efficiency from used X-ray film in nitric acid leaching processes
μμ λν μμκ° μ¦κ°ν¨μ λ°λΌ μ°μ
νκΈ°λ¬Όλ‘λΆν° μμ νμνκΈ° μν μ°κ΅¬κ° νμν μ€μ μ΄λ€. μ΄ μ€ μ¬μ§νκΈ°λ¬ΌμΈ ν X-rayνλ¦μ ν΄λ¦¬μμ€ν
λ₯΄ μ¬μ§μ μ§μ§μ²΄μΈ΅κ³Ό μ(Ag)μ ν¨μ νκ³ μμ΄ λ μμμ μ¬νμ©μ΄ κ°λ₯ν μ€μν 곡κΈμμ΄λ€. λν μ§μ§μ²΄μΈ΅ μμλλ‘λ νλν¬μΈ΅κ³Ό μ μ μΈ΅μ΄ μ°¨λ‘λ‘ μ ν΄μλ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ°μ§λ€. μμ νλ¦μ μ μ μΈ΅μ μ‘΄μ¬νλ©° μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ½ 1.5-2%κ° ν¨μ λμ΄ μλ€.
ν X-ray νλ¦μΌλ‘λΆν° μμ νμνκΈ° μν΄ μ£Όλ‘ μ§μ° μΉ¨μΆκ³΅μ μ΄ νν΄μ Έ μλ€. μΉ¨μΆ κ³΅μ μ 80-100βμ μ¨λ쑰건μμ λμ§μ°μ μΉ¨μΆμ λ‘ μ΄μ©νλ©° μ½ 80%μ μμ΄ μ©ν΄λκ³ μ½ 20%μ μμ μλ©μ Ό μνμ μμ¬λ‘ μ‘΄μ¬νκ² λλ€. μ΄λ‘ μΈν΄ μμ‘΄νλ μμ νμνκΈ° μν΄ μκ° λ° μ¬μΉ¨μΆμ μΆκ° 곡μ μ΄ μꡬλμ΄μ§λ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ κΈ°μ‘΄μ X-ray νλ¦μ μ¬νμ© κ³΅μ μμμ κ³ μ¨, κ³ λλ 쑰건μ μΉ¨μΆμ‘°κ±΄μ κ°μ νλ©΄μ μμ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ ν₯μμν€κ³ μ νμλ€. μμ ν¨μ νλ μ μ μΈ΅μ΄ νλ¦ μ§μ§μ²΄μΈ΅μ λΆμ°©λμ΄ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μ μ μΈ΅μ ν λ©΄λ§μ΄ μΉ¨μΆμ μ λ
ΈμΆλμ΄ μμ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ κ°μμν¬ μ°λ €κ° μλ€. λ°λΌμ νλ¦ μ§μ§μ²΄μΈ΅μΌλ‘λΆν° μ μ μΈ΅μ λΆλ¦¬ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ ν₯μμν¬ μ μλ€.
λ©νΈμνΈμΌν€(MEK)μ μ κΈ°μ©λ§€λ‘μ μΌλΆ μμ§λ₯Ό μ©ν΄μν€λ κ²μΌλ‘ λ³΄κ³ λλ° μμΌλ©°, ν΄λ¦¬μμ€ν
λ₯΄μ νλ©΄ νΉμ±μ λ°κΏ μ μλ μΈμ μ λλ ν¬μμ λ‘ μλ €μ Έ μλ€. λ°λΌμ MEKμ μ¬μ©μ νλ¦ μ§μ§μ²΄μΈ΅κ³Ό μ μ μΈ΅μ λΆλ¦¬ν κ²μΌλ‘ νλ¨λμ΄ MEKμμμ X-ray νλ¦μ λΆλ¦¬κ±°λ λ° μΉ¨μΆμ λ κ°μ§ μ€νμ ννμλ€.
λΆλ¦¬ μ€νμ μ¨λ쑰건 μ€μ¨-60β, κ΅λ°μλ 0-400rpm, νλ¦ν¬κΈ° 1Γ1cm, κ΄μ‘λλ 20-80g/Lμ 쑰건νμμ MEKλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ§νλμλ€. μ¨λκ° μ¦κ°ν μλ‘ νλ¦ν¬κΈ° λ° κ΄μ‘λλκ° κ°μλ μλ‘ X-ray νλ¦μ λΆλ¦¬ν¨μ¨μ μ¦κ°νμμΌλ©°, 50β, 400rpm, 1Γ1cm, 50g/Lμ 쑰건μμ 3λΆ μ΄λ΄μ 100%μ λΆλ¦¬ν¨μ¨μ λνλ΄μλ€.
λΆλ¦¬ κ³Όμ μ΄νμ μ μ μΈ΅κ³Ό λΆλ¦¬ κ³Όμ μ κ±°μΉμ§ μμ X-ray νλ¦μ μ¬μ©νμ¬ 1M μ§μ°, μ¨λ 50β, κ΅λ°μλ 400rpm, νλ¦ν¬κΈ° 1Γ1cm, κ΄μ‘λλ 10g/Lμ 쑰건νμμ μΉ¨μΆμ€νμ μ§ννμλ€. λΆλ¦¬ κ³Όμ μ κ±°μΉμ§ μμ X-ray νλ¦μ μ΄μ©ν κ²½μ°μλ 180λΆλμ μ½ 73.0 %μ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ λνλ΄λ λ°λ©΄, μ μ μΈ΅λ§μ μ΄μ©ν κ²½μ° μμ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ 120λΆ μ΄λ΄μ 100%κΉμ§ μ¦κ°νμλ€.
MEKλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ¬ λΆλ¦¬μ μ μ²λ¦¬ 곡μ μ΄ μνλ μΉ¨μΆμ μμ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ ν₯μμ μλΉν μν₯μ μ£ΌμμΌλ κΈ°μ‘΄ 곡μ μ μλ‘μ΄ κ³΅μ μ μΆκ°ν΄μΌνλ μ΄λ €μμ κ°μ§λ€. λ°λΌμ μ§μ° μΉ¨μΆ μ MEKλ₯Ό 첨κ°νμμ λμ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λμ λν΄ μ‘°μ¬νμλ€. μΉ¨μΆμ‘°κ±΄μ 1M μ§μ°, μ¨λ 50β, κ΅λ°μλ 400rpm, νλ¦ν¬κΈ° 1Γ1cm, κ΄μ‘λλ 10g/LμΌλ‘ μ€μ νμμΌλ©°, MEKμ 첨κ°λμ 0-10%λ‘ λ³νμμΌ°λ€. MEKλ₯Ό 첨κ°νμ§ μμ κ²½μ° 73.0%μ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ λνλ΄μμΌλ©°, 5%μ MEKλ₯Ό 첨κ°ν κ²½μ° μμ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ 120λΆ μ΄λ΄μ 95.9%λ‘ μ¦κ°λ¨μ νμΈνμλ€.
μ΄λ‘λΆν° ν X-ray νλ¦μΌλ‘λΆν° μμ νμ μ MEKλ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν κ²½μ° μμ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ΄ ν₯μλ μ§μ° μΉ¨μΆκ³΅μ μ μ΄μμ΄ κ°λ₯ν κ²μΌλ‘ νλ¨λλ€.|The increasing demand for silver has required many studies for recover of silver from industrial wastes. Used X-ray films that is one of the photographic wastes are good sources of silver and polyester, because a polyester was used as film base in the X-ray film. On the film base, adhesive layer and emulsion layer are attached in turn. Silver components exist in the emulsion layer and generally the films contain around 1.5-2% of silver.
Silver from used X-ray films was recovered mainly by nitric acid leaching in the conventional process. However, in this process, concentrated nitric acid at 80-100β dissolves about 80% of silver and 20% of silver remains in the residue. Further processes such as incineration followed by leaching must be required because remained silver have to be dissolved.
This study was aimed at improving the conventional recycling process of used X-ray film. Because the emulsion layer containing silver is attached to the base film, only one side of the emulsion layer is exposed to the leaching agents, which could reduce leaching efficiencies of silver. It was expected that the leaching efficiency of silver could be enhanced by separating the emulsion layer from polyester.
Methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) has been reported that this organic solvent could dissolve some resins. Also MEK has been famous for cleaner or thinner for polyester because MEK could change the surface property of polyester as film base in X-ray film. Thus, it was expected that addition of MEK could separate the emulsion layer from the film base. Therefore, two kinds of experiment sets were investigate; the separating behaviors of the emulsion layer in MEK solvent and the effects of using MEK on the leaching of X-ray film in nitric acid solution.
The separation process was investigated under the following conditions; reagent MEK, temperature room temp.-60β, agitation speed 0-400rpm, film size 1Γ1cm, and pulp density 20-80g/L. The separation efficiencies of the emulsion layer increasing temperature but decreasing film size and pulp density. The separation was completed successfully in MEK solution at 50β and 400rpm agitation speed with 50g/L pulp density and 1Γ1cm film size within 3min.
A comparative leaching test was carried out in 1M HNO3 at 50β and 400 rpm and 1Γ1cm with 10g/L, where two kinds of sample were prepared; one is the used X-ray film piece and the other is the emulsion layer after separating. The leaching efficiency of Ag increased to almost 100% within 120min using only emulsion layer(with separating) while the efficiency was 73.0% at 180min with the used X-ray film(without separating).
Although the separation process using MEK showed beneficial effects of Ag recovery, it is not east to add new process to the conventional process. Therefore, the feasibility of adding MEK to nitric acid leaching process was investigated under the leaching conditions; 50β, 400rpm, 1Γ1cm and 10g/L. The amount added of MEK was adjusted from 0-10%. When MEK was added 5%, the leaching efficiency of Ag increased up to 95.9% in 120min while the efficiency was 73.0% without addition of MEK.
These results indicate that the leching efficiency of Ag could be enhanced using MEK in the nitric acid process for the recover of Ag from the used X-ray film.μ 1 μ₯ μ λ‘ 1
1.1 μ°κ΅¬λ°°κ²½ 1
1.1.1 μμ νΉμ± λ° λ¦¬μΈμ΄ν΄λ§ νν© 1
1.1.2 X-ray νλ¦μ νΉμ§ 4
1.1.3 νλ¦ λ΄ μ(Ag) νμ μ°κ΅¬λν₯ 6
1.2 μ°κ΅¬ λͺ©μ 9
μ 2 μ₯ μ΄λ‘ μ λ°°κ²½ 11
2.1 X-ray νλ¦μ λΆλ¦¬ 11
2.2 μΉ¨μΆ(Leaching) 13
2.2.1 μ(Ag)μ μΉ¨μΆ 17
μ 3 μ₯ X-ray νλ¦μ λΆλ¦¬μ λΆλ¦¬κ±°λ 19
3.1 μ€ν λ°©λ² 19
3.2 μ€ν κ²°κ³Ό λ° κ³ μ°° 21
3.2.1 κ΅λ°μλμ λ°λ₯Έ μ μ μΈ΅μ λΆλ¦¬κ±°λ 21
3.2.2 μ¨λμ λ°λ₯Έ μ μ μΈ΅μ λΆλ¦¬κ±°λ 23
3.2.3 κ΄μ‘λλμ λ°λ₯Έ μ μ μΈ΅μ λΆλ¦¬κ±°λ 25
3.2.4 νλ¦ ν¬κΈ°μ λ°λ₯Έ μ μ μΈ΅μ λΆλ¦¬κ±°λ 26
3.2.5 MEK μ¬μ¬μ©μ μν₯μ λ°λ₯Έ μ μ μΈ΅μ λΆλ¦¬κ±°λ 28
μ 4 μ₯ X-ray νλ¦μΌλ‘λΆν° μμ μΉ¨μΆ 30
4.1 μλ£ νΉμ± 30
4.2 μ€ν λ°©λ² 32
4.3 μ€ν κ²°κ³Ό λ° κ³ μ°° 35
4.3.1 λΆλ¦¬ μ ν μ μ μΈ΅μ μΉ¨μΆ λΉκ΅ 35
4.3.2. λΆλ¦¬ ν μ μ μΈ΅μ μΉ¨μΆ 37
4.3.2.1 κ΅λ°μλμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 37
4.3.2.2 μ¨λμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 39
4.3.2.3 νλ¦ ν¬κΈ°μ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 40
4.3.2.4 κ΄μ‘λλμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 41
4.3.3 λΆλ¦¬ μ X-rayνλ¦μ μΉ¨μΆ 43
4.3.3.1 MEKμ μ§μ° νΌν©μ‘μμμ μΉ¨μΆ 43
4.3.3.2 κ΅λ°μλμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 45
4.3.3.3 μ¨λμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 46
4.3.3.4 νλ¦ν¬κΈ°μ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 48
4.3.3.5 κ΄μ‘λλμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 49
μ 5 μ₯ κ²° λ‘ 50
κ°μ¬μ κΈ 52
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 54Maste
Cerebral Air Embolism Following a Gastroscopy
Cerebral air embolism, the entry of air into the cerebral artery, is an iatrogenic clinical problem in most cases, which may result in seizure, severe neurologic deficits and even death. Although cerebral air embolism may result from almost all procedures that are performed in clinical specialties, occurrence following a gastroscopy is very rare. We report a patient who developed cerebral air embolism following a gastroscopy.ope
Beneficial Effect of Stroke Unit for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation
Background: Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF), either permanent or paroxysmal, is important in stroke patients because its presence requires life-long anticoagulation for prevention of recurrent stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring in the stroke unit (SU) for the detection of AF. Methods: Subjects enrolled for this study were the patients who had admitted due to acute ischemic stroke before and after operation of the SU. All patients were monitored by continuous ECG during their stay in the SU. The frequency of AF, which were documented at admission and detected during their hospitalization, was compared in them. Results: Total 937 patients had admitted to the general ward (GW) before the SU opened and 1605 patients to the GW or SU after the SU opened. Among patients admitted after the SU opened, 1074 patients (66.9%) were stayed in the SU during their hospitalization (mean 4.4 days). AF was found in 144 patients (15.4%) among those admitted before the SU opened and in 281 (17.5%) among those admitted after the SU. The frequency of AF documented at admission was not different between the groups (14.4% in the before SU, 15.1% in the after SU, <0.05). The frequency of newly detected AF (3.8%) among patients who admitted to the SU was significantly higher than those admitted to the GW before (1.1%) or after the SU opened (0.6%)(P<0.001). Conclusion: The detection rate of AF in acute ischemic stroke patients has been increased significantly by continuous ECG monitoring in the SU.ope
A computerized in-hospital alert system for thrombolysis in acute stroke
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An effective stroke code system that can expedite rapid thrombolytic treatment requires effective notification/communication and an organized team approach. We developed a stroke code program based on the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system and investigated whether implementation of this CPOE-based program is useful for reducing the time from arrival at emergency departments (ED) to evaluation steps and the initiation of thrombolytic treatment in various hospital settings.
METHODS: The CPOE-based program was implemented by 10 hospitals. Time intervals from arrival at the ED to blood tests, computed tomography scanning, and thrombolytic treatment during the 1-year period before and the 1-year period after the program implementation were compared.
RESULTS: Time intervals from ED arrival to evaluation steps were significantly reduced after implementation of the CPOE-based program. Times from ED arrival to CT scan, complete blood counts, and prothrombin time testing were reduced by 7.7 minutes, 5.6 minutes, and 26.8 minutes, respectively (P<0.001). The time from ED arrival to intravenous thrombolysis was reduced from 71.7+/-33.6 minutes to 56.6+/-26.9 minutes (P<0.001). The number of patients who were treated with thrombolysis increased from 3.4% (199/5798 patients) before the CPOE-based program to 5.8% (312/5405 patients) afterward (P<0.001). The CPOE implementation also improved the inverse relationship between onset-to-door time and door-to-needle time.
CONCLUSIONS: The CPOE-based stroke code could be successfully implemented to reduce in-hospital time delay in thrombolytic therapy in various hospital settings. CPOE may be used as an efficient tool to facilitate in-hospital notification/communication and an organized team approachope
Increasing frequency and burden of cerebral artery atherosclerosis in Korean stroke patients
PURPOSE: Koreans have been undergoing rapid lifestyle changes that may have an effect on patterns of cerebral artery atherosclerosis. This study was aimed at determining the frequency and distribution of atherosclerosis in the cerebral arteries and associated temporal changes over the past eight-year period among Korean stroke patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using stroke registry data registered between April 1999 and March 2007, we investigated the presence, severity, and location of cerebral artery atherosclerosis as determined by angiographic findings. Their annual patterns and association with vascular risk factors were investigated.
RESULTS: Of 1,955 patients, 1,517 patients (77.6%) demonstrated atherosclerosis in one or more arteries. A significantly increasing trend of atherosclerosis was observed during the past eight years, which was ascribed to an increase of combined extracranial (EC) and intracranial (IC) atherosclerosis. The number of atherosclerotic arteries increased as the number of risk factors increased. In the multivariate analysis, the year and vascular risk factors were independent predictors of the presence of atherosclerosis.
CONCLUSION: We found that the atherosclerotic burden has been increasing for the past eight years in Korean stroke patients, particularly the combined EC and IC subtype. Lifestyle changes and increase in vascular risk factors may be contributing factors.ope
Comparison of the characteristics for in-hospital and out-of-hospital ischaemic strokes
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients who are being admitted to a hospital due to diseases other than stroke may develop a stroke (in-hospital stroke; IHS).
METHODS: We enrolled 111 consecutive patients who developed IHS outside a neurology ward during a 5-year period at a single hospital. The frequency, characteristics, and outcomes for IHS patients were compared with patients who develop ischaemic stroke outside of the hospital (out-of-hospital stroke; OHS).
RESULTS: Forty-six percent of IHS occurred in the department of cardiology or cardiovascular surgery and 60% were associated with surgery or procedures. In comparison with the OHS patient group, the IHS patient group showed an increased frequency of cardiac disease, leukocytosis, and anemia. Cardioembolism, stroke of other determined etiologies, and an incomplete evaluation were more common in the IHS group, whereas large artery atherosclerosis was more frequent in the OHS group. The IHS group had up to a 10-fold higher mortality than the OHS group, with sepsis being the most common cause of death in the IHS group.
CONCLUSIONS: IHS has distinct etiologies and stroke mechanisms from OHS. The prevention and management of infection could decrease mortality in IHS patients.ope
The different infarct patterns between adulthood-onset and childhood-onset moyamoya disease
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The pattern of infarctions based on the findings of diffusion-weighted image was assessed, and it was also investigated whether there are any age-specific differences in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).
METHODS: The subjects were 66 consecutive patients with MMD who had an acute cerebral infarction. Each ischaemic lesion was categorised into one of seven patterns (gyral, atypical territorial, honeycomb, classic territorial, multiple-dot, borderzone, deep lacunar) based on diffusion-weighted image findings. The patterns were compared between adulthood-onset MMD (A-MMD, β₯20 years old, 34 patients) and childhood/adolescent-onset MMD (C-MMD, <20 years old, 32 patients) according to their ages of infarct presentation.
RESULTS: A total of 91 infarct patterns were observed from 66 patients. The gyral, atypical territorial, and honeycomb patterns, which are not usually seen in conventional stroke patients, were common in MMD (68.1%). Among all patterns, a gyral pattern was most common (40/91, 44.0%). Borderzone and deep lacunar patterns were infrequent. Gyral and borderzone patterns were more frequently seen in the C-MMD group, whereas a honeycomb pattern was not seen in young patients. Honeycomb pattern was more common at advanced vascular stages. Infarctions confined to the cortex were more common in the C-MMD group (26/32, 75.0%) than in A-MMD patients (14/34, 41.2%).
CONCLUSIONS: Moyamoya disease showed various characteristic and age-specific infarct patterns. Different infarct patterns between the A-MMD and C-MMD groups may be associated with age-specific vulnerability of the brain to ischaemia, stage of arteriopathy or changes of abnormal collateral pathways.ope