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    A Study for Temporary Use of Urban Space Focused on Collaborative Design : The Case of Bogwang-dong, Yongsan-gu

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν™˜κ²½λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν™˜κ²½μ‘°κ²½ν•™κ³Ό, 2013. 2. 쑰경진.λ„μ‹œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 관점은 기쑴의 일방적인 κ³„νšμ΄ μ‹€μ œ λ„μ‹œμ˜ μΌμƒμƒν™œμ„ λ‹΄λŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” μœ λ¦¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λΉ„νŒμ„ 톡해 점차 λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ³€ν™”μ˜ ν•œνŽΈμ—μ„œ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©(Temporary uses)은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ£Όμ²΄λ“€μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯을 톡해 μƒμœ„ κ³„νšμ΄ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ˜ ν‹ˆ, ν˜Ήμ€ κ³΅κ°„μ˜ ν‹ˆμƒˆλ₯Ό λ§€μ›Œ λ‚˜κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ„ 배경으둜 λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ μΌμ‹œμ  ν™œμš© λ°©μ•ˆμ„ κ³ μ°°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. 특히 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ 주체의 ν˜‘λ ₯ 과정에 κΈ°μΈν•œλ‹€κ³  보고 ν˜‘λ ₯적 λ””μžμΈμ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ„ λ°”λΌλ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 졜근 μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ“±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έ 사둀 뢄석을 톡해 ν˜‘λ ₯적 λ””μžμΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ 고렀사항과 의의λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜κ³ , 이후 고렀사항을 톡해 μ‹€μ œ λŒ€μƒμ§€μΈ μš©μ‚°κ΅¬ 보광동을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ  κ°€λŠ₯성을 λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•΄λ³΄λŠ” 과정을 κ±°μ³€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μš°μ„  μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ 성곡적인 κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έ 사둀 8개λ₯Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ κ³Όμ • 뢄석과 곡간적 λΆ„μ„μ˜ 두 가지 츑면으둜 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 λ„μΆœν•΄ λ‚Έ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ μ˜μ˜λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ€ μ΄μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 곡간을 μž¬λ°œκ²¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ„μ‹œμ˜ ν™œλ ₯을 μ¦μ§„μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€. 제 역할을 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„λ“€μ€ λ‚™ν›„λ˜μ–΄ μ£Όλ³€ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ•ˆμ „κ³Ό ν™œλ ₯κΉŒμ§€ μœ„ν˜‘ν•œλ‹€. μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΉ„μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 곡간을 μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ ν™œλ™μ„ λ‹΄λŠ” μž₯μ†Œλ‘œ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ©° λ„μ‹œμ˜ ν™œλ ₯κ³Ό 닀양성에 긍정적인 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ€ ν˜‘λ ₯을 톡해 λ„μ‹œκ°€ λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μž₯점이 μžˆλ‹€. λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λŒ€λ„μ‹œλ“€μ€ μ˜ˆμ „κ³Ό 같은 μ‹ μ†ν•œ 개발이 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 상황에 놓여 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ λ„μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ μš•κ΅¬λŠ” λ”μš± λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ—λŠ” μ‹œλ―Όμ΄ μ‹€μ œ 곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ 주체둜 μ°Έμ—¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ„μ‹œ ν˜„μž₯의 변화와 μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ μš”κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ‰½κ²Œ νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 있으며, 이에 λŒ€μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ μ €λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 즉각적인 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ€ 비곡식적인 λŒ€μ•ˆλ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό μ¦μ§„μ‹œμΌœ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‚Άμ˜ 방식을 μœ‘μ„±ν•œλ‹€. μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ€ 기쑴의 μš©λ„ 내에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—… λ“±μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν–‰μœ„κ°€ 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚Άμ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€κ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” νšμΌν™” λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ” λ„μ‹œμ˜ μƒν™œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•΄ μ£Όλ©° μ‚Άμ˜ 방식을 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³  ν’λΆ€ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ„μΆœλœ 고렀사항에 따라 λŒ€μƒμ§€μΈ μš©μ‚°κ΅¬ 보광동 μ§€μ—­μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ³ μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ 결과둜 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 결둠을 λ„μΆœν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 첫 번째둜 μΌμ‹œμ  κ³΅κ°„μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ ν™œμš©μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ 주체λ₯Ό μœ‘μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 과정이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 각 μ£Όμ²΄κ°„μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯은 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ— ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ©° 특히 성곡적인 μ‚¬λ‘€μ˜ 경우 곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ 주체가 μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  ν˜‘λ ₯ μ²΄μ œκ°€ κ°•ν™”λ˜λŠ” 과정이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ΄λ°€ν•œ ν˜‘λ ₯ μ²΄μ œκ°€ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμ„ 경우 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ€ 곡간을 μ΄λ™ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν™•μž₯, μ•ˆμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, ν˜‘μ˜ 과정을 μˆ˜μ›”ν•˜κ²Œ 돕기 μœ„ν•œ 지원 λ°©μ•ˆμ΄ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ„ 곡곡의 지원 체제 μ•ˆμ— ν¬ν•¨μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ 자발적인 μ΄μš©μ„ μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ‹œλ―Όμ΄ 직접 λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ ν™œλ°œν•œ μ΄μš©μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄ λƒˆμ„ λ•Œ κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 본래 의미인 μ‚¬νšŒμ  접촉이 증진 될 수 있으며 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ ν™œλ ₯을 μ΄λŒμ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 생각해야 ν•œλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ„ λ„μ‹œκ°€ λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ €λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ μž₯점을 ν™œμš©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 보광동과 같은 재개발 μ˜ˆμ •μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ‡ ν‡΄λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄ 개발 문화에 κΈ°μΈν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, μ΄λŠ” 개발 과정에 λŒ€ν•œ κ³ λ € 없이 보쑴 ν˜Ήμ€ 개발의 두 μΈ‘λ©΄λ§Œμ„ 놓고 κ΄€μ˜ κ²°μ •μ—λ§Œ μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ²Œ 되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 지역이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ 개발 과정을 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 점점 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 되고 있으며 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간은 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€. μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ€ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ“±μž₯ν•œ κ°œλ…μ΄μ§€λ§Œ 졜근 λ„μ‹œμ„€κ³„, μ‘°κ²½λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ…Όμ˜λ“€κ³Ό λ§₯락을 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•œλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ„μ‹œ 이용자λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„, μ‹œλ―Όμ„ 주체둜 ν•œ λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ μ‘°μ„± 및 운영 관리, λ„μ‹œ μœ νœ΄κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 재쑰λͺ… λ“±μ˜ λ…Όμ˜λ“€μ΄ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•˜λ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ— 따라 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 바라볼 수 μžˆλŠ” 여지가 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ μ‘°λͺ…ν•˜κ³  κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έ 사둀λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ 이후 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ…Όμ˜μ˜ 기초적인 자료λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 것도 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 의의둜 μ‚ΌλŠ”λ‹€. 특히 ν˜„μž¬μ™€ 같이 개발 속도가 μ €ν•˜λ˜λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 이에 따라 μ΄μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 곡간이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 지속될 것이라 λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ, 이λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 창의적인 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•„μš”μ„±μ€ λ”μš± μ¦λŒ€λ  것이라 μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λ©° λ³Έ 연ꡬ가 κ·Έλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ˜ˆμ‹œκ°€ 되길 λ°”λž€λ‹€. 이후 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 닀루지 λͺ»ν•˜μ˜€κ±°λ‚˜ λ―Έν‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ–ΈκΈ‰λœ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 츑면의 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.제1μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  제1절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  제2절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법 및 λ‚΄μš© 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ²”μœ„μ™€ 방법 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό 흐름 제3절 선행연ꡬ 동ν–₯ 제2μž₯ ν˜„λŒ€ λ„μ‹œ ν™˜κ²½μ˜ 변화와 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© 제1절 λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” κ΄€μ μ˜ λ³€ν™” 1. λ„μ‹œμž¬μƒ κ°œλ…μ˜ 뢀각 2. λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 주체의 참여와 κ³„νš κ³Όμ •μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„± 제2절 λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯적 λ””μžμΈ 1. λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ ‘κ·Ό 2. ν˜‘λ ₯적 λ””μžμΈμ˜ μ—­ν•  제3절 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ 이해 1. μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό λ²”μœ„ 2. ν˜„λŒ€ λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ μΌμ‹œμ  ν™œμš©κ³Ό νŠΉμ§• 제3μž₯ κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ 사둀 뢄석 제1절 μ‚¬λ‘€λΆ„μ„μ˜ ν‹€ 1. 사둀 λŒ€μƒ μ„ μ • 2. 사둀뢄석 κΈ°μ€€ μ„€μ • 제2절 μžμƒμ μΈ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© 1. [지역 곡동체 ν™œμš©] μˆ˜μ›μ‹œ, λŒ€μ•ˆκ³΅κ°„ 눈 2. [지역 곡동체 ν™œμš©] μ„œμšΈμ‹œ, μ—¬μ„±ν™˜κ²½μ—°λŒ€ 3. [μ°½μž‘ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ 상업화 λŒ€μ‘] μ„œμšΈμ‹œ, μžλ¦½μŒμ•…μƒμ‚°μ‘°ν•© 4. [λ¬΄λŒ€λ‘œμ„œμ˜ λ„μ‹œ] μƒŒν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€μ½”, 리바(Rebar) 5. μ†Œκ²° 제3절 κ³„νšμ  μ ‘κ·Όμ˜ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© 1. 런던, λ±…ν¬μ‚¬μ΄λ“œ μ–΄λ°˜ 포레슀트 (Bankside Urban Forest) 2. νƒ€μ΄νŽ˜μ΄, νƒ€μ΄νŽ˜μ΄ λ·°ν‹°ν’€ ν”Œλžœ(Taipei BeautifulPlan) 3. 런던, 메이킹 슀페이슀 인 λ‹¬μŠ€ν†€(Making Space in Dalston) 4. λ‘œμž”, λ‘œμž” μžλŽ… 2009(Lausanne Jadins 2009) 5. μ†Œκ²° 제4절 μ†Œκ²°: ν˜‘λ ₯적 λ””μžμΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš©μ˜ κ³Όμ •κ³Ό 고렀사항 1. κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ°ΎκΈ° 2. κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ„±μž₯ 3. μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© ꡬ체화 제4μž₯ ν˜‘λ ₯적 λ””μžμΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μš©μ‚°κ΅¬ λ³΄κ΄‘λ™μ˜ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© 제1절 λŒ€μƒμ§€ 이해 1. μ΄νƒœμ› λ¬Έν™”κΆŒμ˜ 이해 2. 보광동 λŒ€μƒμ§€μ˜ 이해 제2절 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ°ΎκΈ°: μ΄νƒœμ› λ¬Έν™”κΆŒμ—­ ν™•λŒ€μ™€ λ³΄κ΄‘λ™μ˜ λ³€ν™” 1. 곡간 발꡴ : λ³΄κ΄‘λ™μ˜ 곡곡곡간과 μœ νœ΄κ³΅κ°„ 2. 인적 μžμ› 발꡴ : 보광동 μ‚¬νšŒ κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ˜ λ³€ν™” 제3절 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ„±μž₯ : λ³΄κ΄‘λ™μ˜ 문화주체 μœ‘μ„± κ³Όμ • 1. 지역과 관계 λ§ΊκΈ° κ³Όμ • 2. 지속적인 관계 λ§ΊκΈ° 방법 제4절 μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© ꡬ체화 : λ³΄κ΄‘λ™μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 1. λ³΄κ΄‘λ™μ˜ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 2. μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 제5절 μ’…ν•© : λ³΄κ΄‘λ™μ˜ μΌμ‹œμ  곡간 ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λͺ¨μƒ‰ 제5μž₯ κ²°λ‘  및 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„ μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 뢀둝 AbstractMaste

    Effects of methyl ethyl ketone on the enhancement of Ag leaching efficiency from used X-ray film in nitric acid leaching processes

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    은에 λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜μš”κ°€ 증가함에 따라 μ‚°μ—… νκΈ°λ¬Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 은을 νšŒμˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•œ 싀정이닀. 이 쀑 사진폐기물인 폐 X-ray필름은 ν΄λ¦¬μ—μŠ€ν…Œλ₯΄ 재질의 지지체측과 은(Ag)을 ν•¨μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ 두 μžμ›μ„ μž¬ν™œμš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 곡급원이닀. λ˜ν•œ 지지체측 μœ„μ•„λž˜λ‘œλŠ” ν•˜λ„ν¬μΈ΅κ³Ό 유제측이 μ°¨λ‘€λ‘œ μ ‘ν•΄μžˆλŠ” ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 가진닀. 은은 ν•„λ¦„μ˜ μœ μ œμΈ΅μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ©° 일반적으둜 μ•½ 1.5-2%κ°€ ν•¨μœ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. 폐 X-ray ν•„λ¦„μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 은을 νšŒμˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 주둜 μ§ˆμ‚° μΉ¨μΆœκ³΅μ •μ΄ ν–‰ν•΄μ Έ μ™”λ‹€. 침좜 곡정은 80-100β„ƒμ˜ μ˜¨λ„μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ λ†μ§ˆμ‚°μ„ 침좜제둜 μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©° μ•½ 80%의 은이 μš©ν•΄λ˜κ³  μ•½ 20%의 은은 에멀젼 μƒνƒœμ˜ μž”μ‚¬λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. 이둜 인해 μž”μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 은을 νšŒμˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ†Œκ° 및 재침좜의 μΆ”κ°€ 곡정이 μš”κ΅¬λ˜μ–΄μ§„λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 기쑴의 X-ray ν•„λ¦„μ˜ μž¬ν™œμš© κ³΅μ •μ—μ„œμ˜ 고온, 고농도 쑰건의 μΉ¨μΆœμ‘°κ±΄μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ€μ˜ 침좜λ₯ μ„ ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 은을 ν•¨μœ ν•˜λŠ” 유제측이 필름 지지체측에 λΆ€μ°©λ˜μ–΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 유제측의 ν•œ 면만이 μΉ¨μΆœμ œμ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄ μ€μ˜ 침좜λ₯ μ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¬ μš°λ €κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 필름 μ§€μ§€μ²΄μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μœ μ œμΈ΅μ„ λΆ„λ¦¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 침좜λ₯ μ„ ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 메틸에틸케톀(MEK)은 μœ κΈ°μš©λ§€λ‘œμ„œ 일뢀 μˆ˜μ§€λ₯Ό μš©ν•΄μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄κ³ λœλ°” 있으며, ν΄λ¦¬μ—μŠ€ν…Œλ₯΄μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄ νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ„Έμ •μ œ λ˜λŠ” ν¬μ„μ œλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ MEK의 μ‚¬μš©μ€ 필름 지지체측과 μœ μ œμΈ΅μ„ 뢄리할 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λ˜μ–΄ MEKμ—μ„œμ˜ X-ray ν•„λ¦„μ˜ 뢄리거동 및 침좜의 두 가지 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄리 μ‹€ν—˜μ€ μ˜¨λ„μ‘°κ±΄ μ‹€μ˜¨-60℃, κ΅λ°˜μ†λ„ 0-400rpm, 필름크기 1Γ—1cm, 광앑농도 20-80g/L의 μ‘°κ±΄ν•˜μ—μ„œ MEKλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ˜¨λ„κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 필름크기 및 광앑농도가 κ°μ†Œλ μˆ˜λ‘ X-ray ν•„λ¦„μ˜ λΆ„λ¦¬νš¨μœ¨μ€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 50℃, 400rpm, 1Γ—1cm, 50g/L의 μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ 3λΆ„ 이내에 100%의 λΆ„λ¦¬νš¨μœ¨μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 뢄리 κ³Όμ • μ΄ν›„μ˜ 유제측과 뢄리 과정을 κ±°μΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ X-ray 필름을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 1M μ§ˆμ‚°, μ˜¨λ„ 50℃, κ΅λ°˜μ†λ„ 400rpm, 필름크기 1Γ—1cm, 광앑농도 10g/L의 μ‘°κ±΄ν•˜μ—μ„œ μΉ¨μΆœμ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄리 과정을 κ±°μΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ X-ray 필름을 μ΄μš©ν•  κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 180λΆ„λŒ€μ— μ•½ 73.0 %의 침좜λ₯ μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 반면, μœ μ œμΈ΅λ§Œμ„ μ΄μš©ν•  경우 μ€μ˜ 침좜λ₯ μ€ 120λΆ„ 이내에 100%κΉŒμ§€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. MEKλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„λ¦¬μ˜ μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 곡정이 μˆ˜ν–‰λœ μΉ¨μΆœμ€ μ€μ˜ 침좜λ₯  ν–₯상에 μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ κΈ°μ‘΄ 곡정에 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 곡정을 μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” 어렀움을 가진닀. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ§ˆμ‚° 침좜 μ‹œ MEKλ₯Ό μ²¨κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œμ˜ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μΉ¨μΆœμ‘°κ±΄μ€ 1M μ§ˆμ‚°, μ˜¨λ„ 50℃, κ΅λ°˜μ†λ„ 400rpm, 필름크기 1Γ—1cm, 광앑농도 10g/L으둜 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, MEK의 μ²¨κ°€λŸ‰μ€ 0-10%둜 λ³€ν™”μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€. MEKλ₯Ό μ²¨κ°€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 경우 73.0%의 침좜λ₯ μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 5%의 MEKλ₯Ό 첨가할 경우 μ€μ˜ 침좜λ₯ μ€ 120λΆ„ 이내에 95.9%둜 증가됨을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 폐 X-ray ν•„λ¦„μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ€μ˜ 회수 μ‹œ MEKλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  경우 μ€μ˜ 침좜λ₯ μ΄ ν–₯μƒλœ μ§ˆμ‚° μΉ¨μΆœκ³΅μ •μ˜ 운영이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€.|The increasing demand for silver has required many studies for recover of silver from industrial wastes. Used X-ray films that is one of the photographic wastes are good sources of silver and polyester, because a polyester was used as film base in the X-ray film. On the film base, adhesive layer and emulsion layer are attached in turn. Silver components exist in the emulsion layer and generally the films contain around 1.5-2% of silver. Silver from used X-ray films was recovered mainly by nitric acid leaching in the conventional process. However, in this process, concentrated nitric acid at 80-100℃ dissolves about 80% of silver and 20% of silver remains in the residue. Further processes such as incineration followed by leaching must be required because remained silver have to be dissolved. This study was aimed at improving the conventional recycling process of used X-ray film. Because the emulsion layer containing silver is attached to the base film, only one side of the emulsion layer is exposed to the leaching agents, which could reduce leaching efficiencies of silver. It was expected that the leaching efficiency of silver could be enhanced by separating the emulsion layer from polyester. Methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) has been reported that this organic solvent could dissolve some resins. Also MEK has been famous for cleaner or thinner for polyester because MEK could change the surface property of polyester as film base in X-ray film. Thus, it was expected that addition of MEK could separate the emulsion layer from the film base. Therefore, two kinds of experiment sets were investigate; the separating behaviors of the emulsion layer in MEK solvent and the effects of using MEK on the leaching of X-ray film in nitric acid solution. The separation process was investigated under the following conditions; reagent MEK, temperature room temp.-60℃, agitation speed 0-400rpm, film size 1Γ—1cm, and pulp density 20-80g/L. The separation efficiencies of the emulsion layer increasing temperature but decreasing film size and pulp density. The separation was completed successfully in MEK solution at 50℃ and 400rpm agitation speed with 50g/L pulp density and 1Γ—1cm film size within 3min. A comparative leaching test was carried out in 1M HNO3 at 50℃ and 400 rpm and 1Γ—1cm with 10g/L, where two kinds of sample were prepared; one is the used X-ray film piece and the other is the emulsion layer after separating. The leaching efficiency of Ag increased to almost 100% within 120min using only emulsion layer(with separating) while the efficiency was 73.0% at 180min with the used X-ray film(without separating). Although the separation process using MEK showed beneficial effects of Ag recovery, it is not east to add new process to the conventional process. Therefore, the feasibility of adding MEK to nitric acid leaching process was investigated under the leaching conditions; 50℃, 400rpm, 1Γ—1cm and 10g/L. The amount added of MEK was adjusted from 0-10%. When MEK was added 5%, the leaching efficiency of Ag increased up to 95.9% in 120min while the efficiency was 73.0% without addition of MEK. These results indicate that the leching efficiency of Ag could be enhanced using MEK in the nitric acid process for the recover of Ag from the used X-ray film.제 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1 1.1 연ꡬ배경 1 1.1.1 μ€μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 및 리싸이클링 ν˜„ν™© 1 1.1.2 X-ray ν•„λ¦„μ˜ νŠΉμ§• 4 1.1.3 필름 λ‚΄ 은(Ag) 회수 연ꡬ동ν–₯ 6 1.2 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  9 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 11 2.1 X-ray ν•„λ¦„μ˜ 뢄리 11 2.2 침좜(Leaching) 13 2.2.1 은(Ag)의 침좜 17 제 3 μž₯ X-ray ν•„λ¦„μ˜ λΆ„λ¦¬μ˜ 뢄리거동 19 3.1 μ‹€ν—˜ 방법 19 3.2 μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° 21 3.2.1 κ΅λ°˜μ†λ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 유제측의 뢄리거동 21 3.2.2 μ˜¨λ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 유제측의 뢄리거동 23 3.2.3 광앑농도에 λ”°λ₯Έ 유제측의 뢄리거동 25 3.2.4 필름 크기에 λ”°λ₯Έ 유제측의 뢄리거동 26 3.2.5 MEK μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 영ν–₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ 유제측의 뢄리거동 28 제 4 μž₯ X-ray ν•„λ¦„μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ€μ˜ 침좜 30 4.1 μ‹œλ£Œ νŠΉμ„± 30 4.2 μ‹€ν—˜ 방법 32 4.3 μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° 35 4.3.1 뢄리 μ „ν›„ 유제측의 침좜 비ꡐ 35 4.3.2. 뢄리 ν›„ 유제측의 침좜 37 4.3.2.1 κ΅λ°˜μ†λ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 37 4.3.2.2 μ˜¨λ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 39 4.3.2.3 필름 크기에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 40 4.3.2.4 광앑농도에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 41 4.3.3 뢄리 μ „ X-rayν•„λ¦„μ˜ 침좜 43 4.3.3.1 MEK와 μ§ˆμ‚° ν˜Όν•©μ•‘μ—μ„œμ˜ 침좜 43 4.3.3.2 κ΅λ°˜μ†λ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 45 4.3.3.3 μ˜¨λ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 46 4.3.3.4 필름크기에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 48 4.3.3.5 광앑농도에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ€μ˜ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 49 제 5 μž₯ κ²° λ‘  50 κ°μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ€ 52 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 54Maste

    Cerebral Air Embolism Following a Gastroscopy

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    Cerebral air embolism, the entry of air into the cerebral artery, is an iatrogenic clinical problem in most cases, which may result in seizure, severe neurologic deficits and even death. Although cerebral air embolism may result from almost all procedures that are performed in clinical specialties, occurrence following a gastroscopy is very rare. We report a patient who developed cerebral air embolism following a gastroscopy.ope

    Beneficial Effect of Stroke Unit for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation

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    Background: Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF), either permanent or paroxysmal, is important in stroke patients because its presence requires life-long anticoagulation for prevention of recurrent stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring in the stroke unit (SU) for the detection of AF. Methods: Subjects enrolled for this study were the patients who had admitted due to acute ischemic stroke before and after operation of the SU. All patients were monitored by continuous ECG during their stay in the SU. The frequency of AF, which were documented at admission and detected during their hospitalization, was compared in them. Results: Total 937 patients had admitted to the general ward (GW) before the SU opened and 1605 patients to the GW or SU after the SU opened. Among patients admitted after the SU opened, 1074 patients (66.9%) were stayed in the SU during their hospitalization (mean 4.4 days). AF was found in 144 patients (15.4%) among those admitted before the SU opened and in 281 (17.5%) among those admitted after the SU. The frequency of AF documented at admission was not different between the groups (14.4% in the before SU, 15.1% in the after SU, <0.05). The frequency of newly detected AF (3.8%) among patients who admitted to the SU was significantly higher than those admitted to the GW before (1.1%) or after the SU opened (0.6%)(P<0.001). Conclusion: The detection rate of AF in acute ischemic stroke patients has been increased significantly by continuous ECG monitoring in the SU.ope

    A computerized in-hospital alert system for thrombolysis in acute stroke

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    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An effective stroke code system that can expedite rapid thrombolytic treatment requires effective notification/communication and an organized team approach. We developed a stroke code program based on the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system and investigated whether implementation of this CPOE-based program is useful for reducing the time from arrival at emergency departments (ED) to evaluation steps and the initiation of thrombolytic treatment in various hospital settings. METHODS: The CPOE-based program was implemented by 10 hospitals. Time intervals from arrival at the ED to blood tests, computed tomography scanning, and thrombolytic treatment during the 1-year period before and the 1-year period after the program implementation were compared. RESULTS: Time intervals from ED arrival to evaluation steps were significantly reduced after implementation of the CPOE-based program. Times from ED arrival to CT scan, complete blood counts, and prothrombin time testing were reduced by 7.7 minutes, 5.6 minutes, and 26.8 minutes, respectively (P<0.001). The time from ED arrival to intravenous thrombolysis was reduced from 71.7+/-33.6 minutes to 56.6+/-26.9 minutes (P<0.001). The number of patients who were treated with thrombolysis increased from 3.4% (199/5798 patients) before the CPOE-based program to 5.8% (312/5405 patients) afterward (P<0.001). The CPOE implementation also improved the inverse relationship between onset-to-door time and door-to-needle time. CONCLUSIONS: The CPOE-based stroke code could be successfully implemented to reduce in-hospital time delay in thrombolytic therapy in various hospital settings. CPOE may be used as an efficient tool to facilitate in-hospital notification/communication and an organized team approachope

    Increasing frequency and burden of cerebral artery atherosclerosis in Korean stroke patients

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    PURPOSE: Koreans have been undergoing rapid lifestyle changes that may have an effect on patterns of cerebral artery atherosclerosis. This study was aimed at determining the frequency and distribution of atherosclerosis in the cerebral arteries and associated temporal changes over the past eight-year period among Korean stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using stroke registry data registered between April 1999 and March 2007, we investigated the presence, severity, and location of cerebral artery atherosclerosis as determined by angiographic findings. Their annual patterns and association with vascular risk factors were investigated. RESULTS: Of 1,955 patients, 1,517 patients (77.6%) demonstrated atherosclerosis in one or more arteries. A significantly increasing trend of atherosclerosis was observed during the past eight years, which was ascribed to an increase of combined extracranial (EC) and intracranial (IC) atherosclerosis. The number of atherosclerotic arteries increased as the number of risk factors increased. In the multivariate analysis, the year and vascular risk factors were independent predictors of the presence of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: We found that the atherosclerotic burden has been increasing for the past eight years in Korean stroke patients, particularly the combined EC and IC subtype. Lifestyle changes and increase in vascular risk factors may be contributing factors.ope

    Carotid-subclavian steal phenomenon

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    Comparison of the characteristics for in-hospital and out-of-hospital ischaemic strokes

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    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients who are being admitted to a hospital due to diseases other than stroke may develop a stroke (in-hospital stroke; IHS). METHODS: We enrolled 111 consecutive patients who developed IHS outside a neurology ward during a 5-year period at a single hospital. The frequency, characteristics, and outcomes for IHS patients were compared with patients who develop ischaemic stroke outside of the hospital (out-of-hospital stroke; OHS). RESULTS: Forty-six percent of IHS occurred in the department of cardiology or cardiovascular surgery and 60% were associated with surgery or procedures. In comparison with the OHS patient group, the IHS patient group showed an increased frequency of cardiac disease, leukocytosis, and anemia. Cardioembolism, stroke of other determined etiologies, and an incomplete evaluation were more common in the IHS group, whereas large artery atherosclerosis was more frequent in the OHS group. The IHS group had up to a 10-fold higher mortality than the OHS group, with sepsis being the most common cause of death in the IHS group. CONCLUSIONS: IHS has distinct etiologies and stroke mechanisms from OHS. The prevention and management of infection could decrease mortality in IHS patients.ope

    The different infarct patterns between adulthood-onset and childhood-onset moyamoya disease

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    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The pattern of infarctions based on the findings of diffusion-weighted image was assessed, and it was also investigated whether there are any age-specific differences in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). METHODS: The subjects were 66 consecutive patients with MMD who had an acute cerebral infarction. Each ischaemic lesion was categorised into one of seven patterns (gyral, atypical territorial, honeycomb, classic territorial, multiple-dot, borderzone, deep lacunar) based on diffusion-weighted image findings. The patterns were compared between adulthood-onset MMD (A-MMD, β‰₯20 years old, 34 patients) and childhood/adolescent-onset MMD (C-MMD, <20 years old, 32 patients) according to their ages of infarct presentation. RESULTS: A total of 91 infarct patterns were observed from 66 patients. The gyral, atypical territorial, and honeycomb patterns, which are not usually seen in conventional stroke patients, were common in MMD (68.1%). Among all patterns, a gyral pattern was most common (40/91, 44.0%). Borderzone and deep lacunar patterns were infrequent. Gyral and borderzone patterns were more frequently seen in the C-MMD group, whereas a honeycomb pattern was not seen in young patients. Honeycomb pattern was more common at advanced vascular stages. Infarctions confined to the cortex were more common in the C-MMD group (26/32, 75.0%) than in A-MMD patients (14/34, 41.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Moyamoya disease showed various characteristic and age-specific infarct patterns. Different infarct patterns between the A-MMD and C-MMD groups may be associated with age-specific vulnerability of the brain to ischaemia, stage of arteriopathy or changes of abnormal collateral pathways.ope
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