10 research outputs found

    ๅ‰่ท ๅคฑๆฅญ่€…์˜ ๏คฏๅ‹•่ฝ‰ๆ›์— ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ่ฆๅ› ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ,1999.Maste

    Topographic anatomy of the depressor anguli oris muscle and mental foramen

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์ž…์ˆ ์•„๋ž˜ํ„ฑ์ฃผ๋ฆ„ (labiomandibular fold)์€ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ํ„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…์ˆ ์•„๋ž˜ํ„ฑ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์€ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์ด ๊นŠ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ์— BTX-A๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์„ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ๊ณผ ํ„ฑ๋๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๋ณ€์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ๊ณผ ํ„ฑ๋๊ตฌ๋ฉ, ํ„ฑ๋์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตญ์†Œํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , BTX-A๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์„ฑ์ธ ์‹œ์‹  34์ชฝ (๋‚จ์ž 8๊ตฌ, ์—ฌ์ž 9๊ตฌ, ํ‰๊ท ๋‚˜์ด 71์„ธ)์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ด์„  (intercheilion horizontal line)๊ณผ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ ์–‘์ชฝ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ ์•ˆ์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํญ์€ ํ‰๊ท  59.9ยฑ4.6 mm (์ตœ๋Œ€ 70.0 mm, ์ตœ์†Œ 51.2 mm)์˜€๋‹ค (๋‚จ์ž: 61.0ยฑ5.8 mm, ์—ฌ์ž: 58.7ยฑ2.7 mm). ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ ์•ˆ์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์œก์„ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํญ์€ ํ‰๊ท  29.7ยฑ4.8 mm (์ตœ๋Œ€: 39.5 mm, ์ตœ์†Œ: 22.7 mm)๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (๋‚จ์ž: 30.8ยฑ4.6 mm, ์—ฌ์ž: 28.4ยฑ5.2 mm). ๋˜ํ•œ ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก๋ถ€์ฐฉ ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ํญ์€ ์™ผ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 36.7ยฑ3.1 mm, 36.0ยฑ4.1 mm ์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„, ์•„๋ž˜๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ณผ ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‡๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง์„ ์„ ์‚ผ๋“ฑ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ 1/3์— ํ„ฑ๋๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 28์˜ˆ (90.3%), ์ค‘๊ฐ„ 1/3๊ณผ ์•„๋ž˜ 1/3 ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 2์˜ˆ (6.5%), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜ 1/3๋ถ€์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 1์˜ˆ (3.2%)๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž๋’ค๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ„ฑ๋๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ์œก์— ๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 21์˜ˆ (67.7%), ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 3์˜ˆ (9.7%), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ์— ๋ฎ์—ฌ ํ„ฑ๋๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 7์˜ˆ (22.6%)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตญ์†Œํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ํ„ฑ๋๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ์•ž-๋’ค ์œ„์น˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ„ฑ๋๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 3์˜ˆ (9.7%), ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ณผ ๋ณผ๊ตด๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 13์˜ˆ (41.9%), ๋ณผ๊ตด๋Œ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 10์˜ˆ (32.3%), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณผ๊ตด๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 5์˜ˆ (16.1%)๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ ๊ฐ€์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๊ตด์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์–ผ๊ตด์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋ณผ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆผ๊ทผ ๊ฐ€์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ 1/3 ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ, ์–ผ๊ตด์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํ„ฑ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž˜ 1/3 ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊นŠ์€์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 17์˜ˆ (60.7%)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋ณผ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก ๊ฐ€์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์ชฝ 1/3 ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ„ฑ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ 1/3 ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 7์˜ˆ (25%)์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์–ผ๊ตด์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋ณผ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์œก ๊ฐ€์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์ชฝ 1/3 ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ , ํ„ฑ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์œก ๊ฐ€์ชฝ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ 1/3 ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 4์˜ˆ (14.3%)์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The labiomandibular fold is the area of the face that extends from the corner of the mouth above to the mandible below and that tends to become more prominent with age. The labiomandibular fold is formed by the medial and lateral borders of the depressor anguli oris muscle (DAO) and when this fold become deepened, it can be reduced by injection of the BTX-A. However, the anatomic knowledges are insufficient in the clinical aspects. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the topographic anatomy of the DAO, mental foramen and mental nerve, thereby providing the critical information for the safe and efficient BTX-A injection site. We performed a careful dissection on 34 hemi-faces from Korean adult cadavers (male 8, female 9, average age 71). The maximum distance of the between the medial borders of the bilateral DAO, paralleled to the intercheilion horizontal line, was average 59.9ยฑ4.6 mm (maximum 39.5 mm, minimum 22.7 mm). And the distance of the DAO from the mandible margin to the cheilion was 36.7ยฑ3.1 mm on the left side, and 36.0ยฑ4.1 mm on the right side. In the superoinferior direction, the mental foramen was located in the middle third from the cheilion to the margin of the mandible in 28 cases (90.3%), the border between the middle and lower third in 2 cases (6.5%), and the lower third in 1 case (3.2%). In the anteroposterior direction, the mental foramen was located medially to the medial border of the DAO and not covered by the DAO in 21 cases (67.7%). The mental foramen was located in the medial border of the DAO in 3 cases (9.7%), and within the DAO in 7 cases (22.6%). In the detailed anteroposterior topographic relationship between the mental foramen and DAO, the mental foramen was located below the cheilion in 3 cases (9.7%), between the cheilion and mental foramen in 13 cases (41.9%), below the modiolus in 10 cases (32.3%), and lateral to the modiolus in 5 cases (16.1%). We classified the results of height of the facial nerve passing the posterior border of the DAO. The buccal branch of the facial nerve passed the middle third of the posterior border of the DAO and marginal mandibular branch passed the lower third in 17 cases (60.7%), which type was the most observed in our study. And of the 7 cases (25%) the buccal branch passed the upper third and marginal mandibular branch passed the lower third. On the other hand, the buccal branch passed the upper third and marginal mandibular branch passed the middle third in 4 cases (14.3%).ope

    Study of Physical Education as a Separated Subject in Elementary School Lower Grades

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