Compensation Consultant Fees and CEO Pay

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 경영학과, 2012. 8. 신재용.While compensation consultants are known to play an important role in executive compensation design, research on the consultants and their incentives have been largely overlooked in the past due to data unavailability. As disputes over the efficiency and validity of compensation consulting grew rapidly, in December 2009, the SEC required firms to disclose fees paid for executive compensation consulting and other services under certain circumstances. Using 778 compensation consultant engagement and 201 executive compensation consulting fee observations from S&P 500 firms for 2009 and 2010, we examine whether fees paid to executive compensation consultants are related to more lucrative CEO compensation. Overall, we find evidence that CEO pay levels are higher when compensation consultants receive higher executive compensation consulting fees. Further analysis suggests that compensation consultants award higher CEO pay when they only receive more than expected fees for executive compensation consulting. These results support the repeat business hypothesis that compensation consultants bias their compensation advice in order to secure revenue from their clients in the future.1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. LITERATURE AND HYPOTHESIS. 6 2.1 Background. 6 2.2 SEC Disclosure Requirement . 9 2.3 Prior Literature . 11 2.4 Research Question 13 3. SAMPLE . 15 3.1 Sample 15 3.2 Measures. 16 4. RESEARCH DESIGN AND RESULTS. 19 4.1 Impact of Compensation Consultant Incentives on CEO Pay 19 4.2 Determinants of Executive Compensation Consulting Fees 22 4.3 Impact of Abnormal Compensation Consulting Fees on CEO Pay 24 5. CONCLUSIONS. 27 References 30 FIGURE 1: 2009 SEC Fee Disclosure Requirement 32 TABLE 1: Sample Selection and Descriptive Statistics 33 TABLE 2: Pearson Correlation Matrix 37 TABLE 3: Impact of Compensation Consultant Incentives on CEO Pay. 38 TABLE 4: Determinants of Executive Compensation Consulting Fee . 40 TABLE 5: Impact of Abnormal Compensation Consulting Fee on CEO Pay 42Maste

Analysis of the dentistry-related contents uploaded on YouTube Korea

Objective: Previous studies suggested the potential influence of YouTube videos regarding dentistry on the mass population. However, there was not any clear investigation for Korean population. We aimed to systemically analyze the type of the dentistry-related videos uploaded on YouTube Korea and the accounts used for uploading, and to assess their effect on the view count of the content. Methods: Classification, type of the accounts, and view count of the videos listed by the keyword ‘dentistry’ were analyzed, which were uploaded on YouTube Korea platform from September 2017 to April 2019. Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc analysis was used to assess the effect of the classification of the videos and the type of accounts on the view count. Results: 1.026 videos were enrolled to the analysis. Primary classification of the videos was information/education, advertisement, life, news, child contents, autonomous sensory meridian response, broadcast, cartoon/game, humor, and music. Secondary classification of the videos was dental experience, advertisement, role-playing, information/education., humor, cartoon/game, child contents, life, and broadcast. Type of the accounts was dentistry associates, general public, media company, and government office (sorted by frequency). Subject of the most videos (93.6%) was general public. There was statistically significance in the view count of the videos according to the primary and secondary classifications, the account used for uploading, and target subject of the videos. Conclusion: Dentists and their associates should recognize the importance of YouTube platform and try to monitor and intervene the dentistry-related contents, considering its huge impact on the general public.ope

Comparison of Communication Skills in Dental Education between Korean and United States Dental Colleges

As the social interest in medical care has increased and the awareness and autonomy of patients have increased, the importance of communication skills with patients has been increasingly emphasized in providing high quality medical services. In medical education, such education has become an important area in medical school and lifelong medical education, with studies showing that communication skills can be improved through education and training, and that this learned communication skills can be maintained after becoming a doctor. The importance of communication education and research for dental college students is growing as practical examination on communication skills will also be introduced in dental license tests from 2021. Therefore, we aimed to find out the educational goals and educational methods of United States in which these studies are conducted and applied before our country, and compare them with Korean's current educational goals and methods, so that we can explore the desirable direction of education for dental college students in the future.ope

Divisibility of class numbers of quadratic fields with discriminants in some arithmetic progressions

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :수리과학부,2004.Maste

Goodness of fit tests for parametric regression models

Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :통계학과,2004.Maste

육상 운송가능 완전피동 납-비스무스 냉각 소형모듈화 원자로 계통의 출력 최적화 방법론

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 에너지시스템공학부, 2013. 2. 황일순.no production hydrogen, no reaction with water and air, high capability of natural circulation, and negative void coefficients for small size core. On the other hand, demand of fully passive cooling SMRs is increasing worldwide because they are simpler, standardized, and safer modular design by being factory built, requiring smaller initial capital investment, and having shorter construction times. They could be small enough to be transportable used in isolated locations without advanced infrastructure and without power grid, or could be clustered in a single site to provide a multi-module, large capacity power plant. Also fully passive cooling without pump even in normal operation enhances the passive safety of nuclear power plants. Thus, the solution integrated by long burning technology with LBE coolant and fully passive SMRs could solve the current weaknesses of PWRs by burning the nuclear waste, enhancing the nuclear safety, and increasing the nuclear economy. For the reactor power size, power of SMRs should be maximized to maximize the economy of SMRs, having modularization fabricated remotely and transported to the site. Moreover, it is needed to have a specific power level matching the specific demand of towns or sites that are either off-grid or on immature local grids, being right-sized for growing economies and infrastructures of developing nations. Thus, the maximized power level of SMRs should be estimated. However, flexibility of the power is limited by land-transportable shipping size, materials endurance, long burning core neutronics, and accidents conditions. The dissertation is aiming at developing the power maximization method for LBE natural circulation cooled SMRs satisfying the constraints shipping size, materials endurance, neutronics as well as safety under beyond Design Basis Events (DBEs). To achieve the goal of dissertation, three research questions are coming up: 1) what are limiting factors to design LBE natural circulation cooled SMRs, 2) what are design tools to design LBE natural circulation cooled SMRs and how are they validated, and 3) How to develop a power optimization method. Design limitations are divided by limitations for steady state and accidents conditions. Steady state limitations including land-transportable shipping size limits, materials limits, neutronics limits are determined. The quasi-static reactivity balance equation is used to obtain the limitations of reactivity in accidents conditions for selected Beyond DBEsnuclear waste, nuclear safety, and nuclear economy. The spent nuclear fuels (SNFs) accumulated by operation of PWRs during last 50 years are over the 200,000 tons worldwide without any solution. From several nuclear accidents including Fukushima accident (March, 2011), nuclear energy is confronted with criticism about safety issues. Also, large amount of initial investment of current PWRs is chronic problem with blocking the activated investment of private companies. As a future nuclear energy solution, long-burning technology and fully passive cooling Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are emerging nuclear concepts. In order to overcome SNFs problem, long burning reactors using fast neutron spectrum could transmute high level waste into low or intermediate level waste. Also, utilization of 238U in fast reactor is more efficient than it of thermal reactor. As a coolant for fast reactors, Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) coolant has many advantagesUnprotected Transient OverPower, and Unprotected Loss Of Heat Sink. Void coefficients should be negative because steam could be penetrated into core in unprotected Steam Generator Tube Rupture. For the design tools and validations, LBE coolant experiments using HELIOS (Heavy Eutectic liquid metal Loop for Integral test of Operability and Safety of PEACER) facility are conducted. In the forced convection test, pressure losses of core, orifice, gate valve, and expansion tank are obtained. In the natural circulation test, temperature distribution and mass flow rate are obtained for specific core heat. Also, long-term stability of LBE natural circulation is confirmed by 600-hours experimental test. Predictions for hydraulic-resistance and natural circulation behavior of experimental results are conducted by MARS-LBE and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Pressure loss coefficients of measured data are good agreement with CFD results and natural circulation experimental results are good agreement with MARS-LBE predictions when MARS-LBE uses the recommended pressure loss coefficients from CFD simulations. With comparison between measured data and natural circulation governing equations, natural circulation SMRs design equation is derived and validated and could be used for the optimization method. Based on the previous answers including design limitations and design tools, power optimization method is developed with the flow chart. Using the power optimization method, natural circulation cooling capacity and neutronics maximized power could be calculated. Natural circulation cooling capacity is the capability of core power cooled by only natural circulation with fixed land-transportable shipping size limit and within the corrosion, erosion and DBTT limits. Neutronics maximized power is the capability of core power within materials Displacement Per Atoms limit, reactivity swing and excess reactivity swing limitations. From the comparison between these two power capacities, smaller power for each core height is the maximized reactor power for each core height. Then, one specific maximized reactor power that the largest value with the core height is determined. Case study for 20 years long-burning small modular reactor with LBE natural circulation using the power optimization method shows the maximized power is 206MWt.In order to take a good position in future energy spectrum, nuclear energy should be satisfied with future energy demand by overcoming the weaknesses of current Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Weakness in current PWR technology 2 1.2 New nuclear concepts for future energy 5 1.2.1 Long burning technology 5 1.2.2 Small modular reactor 6 1.2.3 Natural circulation technology 7 1.3 Objectives 8 Chapter 2 Review of the State of the Art 12 2.1 Fully passive cooled SMRs 12 2.1.1 Water natural circulation cooled SMRs 12 2.1.2 LBE natural circulation cooled SMRs 13 2.2 LBE natural circulation experiments 13 Chapter 3 Rationale and Approach 17 3.1 Problem statement 17 3.2 Goals 17 3.3 Approach 18 Chapter 4 Design Limitations 22 4.1 Steady state limitations 22 4.2 Accidents limitations 26 4.2.1 Design Basis Events 26 4.2.2 Modified reactivity requirement for safe passive shutdown 31 Chapter 5 Design Tool Development and Validations 33 5.1 LBE coolant T-H test facility: HELIOS 33 5.2 Lead Alloy Cooled Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems (LACANES) benchmarking 37 5.2.1 Introduction to LACANES benchmarking 37 5.2.2 Pressure loss coefficients as the best practice guidelines 38 5.3 Predictions for natural circulation and validations 61 5.3.1 MARS-LBE simulations for natural circulation 61 Chapter 6 Power Optimization Method 67 6.1 Natural circulation cooling capacity 68 6.2 Neutronics maximized power 69 Chapter 7 Case Study: URANUS 77 Chapter 8 Summary and Conclusion 86 Chapter 9 Future Work 89 Bibliography 90 초 록 91Docto