76 research outputs found
μ΄μνλΌμ μ λ΅μ μ νμ λ°λ₯Έ μΌλ³Έμ μ νμ νμ±κ³Ό λΆλΉ
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ κ΅μ λνμ κ΅μ νκ³Ό, 2017. 8. λ°μ² ν¬.μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μΌλ³Έμ μ νμ λΆλΉμ λν μ°κ΅¬μ΄λ€. μΌλ³Έμ μ νλ μ°μ΅ μ λΉμΌλ‘μλ μΌλ³Έμμ μ²μμΌλ‘ μλΉν μν₯λ ₯μ κ°μ‘λ μ λΉμ΄λ€. μ΄λ¬ν μΌλ³Έμ μ νμ λΆλΉμ κ·Έ μμ²΄λ‘ ν₯λ―Έλ‘μ΄ μ¬κ±΄μ΄μ§λ§, λ
Όλ¬Έ μ£Όμ λ‘μλ ν₯λ―Έλ‘μ΄ μ°κ΅¬ μ§λ¬Έμ μμλΈλ€. μΌλ§λͺ¨ν μΌνλ‘μ μ λΉμ΄λ λͺ¨λΈμ λ°λ₯΄λ©΄ κ΅ν νκΈ° μ€μλ μλ‘μ΄ μ λΉμ΄ μκΈ°μ§ μμ κ²μ΄λΌκ³ κ°μ νλ€. κ΅ν νκΈ° μ€μ μΌμ΄λλ μ λΉμ΄λμ μ μ±
μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉκΈ° μν μ΄λμ΄κΈ° λλ¬Έμ, λ€μνλ₯Ό νμ±ν μ μλ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ λΉμΌλ‘ μ΄λν κ²μ΄λΌκ³ κ°μ νλ€. νμ§λ§, μ΄μνλΌλ κ΅ν νκΈ° μ€μ μΌλ³Έμ μ νλ₯Ό λΆλΉ μν€κ³ μλ‘μ΄ μ λΉμ λ§λ€μλ€. μΌλ§λͺ¨ν μ λͺ¨λΈμ ν©λ¦¬μ μ ν μ λμ£Όμ μ΄λ‘ μ κΈ°λ°μ λ λͺ¨λΈμ΄λ€. μ λκ° νΉμ μ μΉμ νλμ μ΄μ§μν€μ§λ§ νμ€ μ μΉ μΈκ³μμ ν©λ¦¬μ μΈ μ μΉμ νμμλ€μ μ λμ μΈμΌν°λΈμλ§ λ°μνλ κ²μ΄ μλλΌ, μ μΉμ κ²½μμμμ μνΈμμ©νλ λ§₯λ½μμ ν©λ¦¬μ μΈ μ νμ νκ² λλ€. μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μν© κ΅¬μμ ν©λ¦¬μ± κ°λ
μ λΆμνλ‘ μ¬μ©νμ¬ μ΄μνλΌκ° μ κ΅ν νκΈ° μ€μ μ μ νλΉμ λΆλΉμν€κ³ μλ‘μ΄ λΉμ λ§λ€μλμ§ μ€λͺ
νλ€. λ°λΌμ, μ΄μνλΌκ° μΌλ³Έμ μ νλΉμ 곡λ λνμλ νμλͺ¨ν μ μνΈμμ©νλ©΄μ λΆλΉκΉμ§ μ΄λ₯΄κ² λ κ³Όμ μ κ²ν νλ€. μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μ΄μνλΌκ° ν©λ¦¬μ μΌλ‘ μμ μ λͺ©νλ₯Ό μΆκ΅¬νλ€κ³ μ£Όμ₯νλ€. λ€μμΌλ‘λ μΌλ³Έμ μ νμ λΆλΉμ΄ κ²°μ λ νμ μ μ ν μμ κ΅νμμλ€μ μ νμ λΆμνλ€. μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μ λΉμ΄λ μ°κ΅¬μ κΈ°μ¬νλ€.CAHPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
CAHPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH 5
2.1. Political Parties 5
2.2. Party System 6
2.3. Party Switching 10
2.4. Yamamotos Electoral Cycle Model 11
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH DESIGN 15
3.1. Puzzle 15
3.2. Methodology 16
3.3. Theoretical Framework 16
CHAPTER 4. ISHIHARAS STRATEGIC CHOICE OF JOINING AND DIVIDING THE JAPAN RESTORATION PARTY 18
4.1 Background of JRPs Formation 18
4.2 Phase 1: January 2012 β December 2012 20
4.3 Phase 2: December 2012 β July 2013 26
4.4 Phase 3: July 2013 β May 2014 33
4.5 Ishiharas Strategic Choice and Situated Rationality 41
4.7 Critical Review of Yamamotos Model 46
CAHPTER 5. JAPAN RESTORATION PARTY MEMBERS CHOICES 49
5.1 Political and Administrative Reform and Decentralization Support Group 56
5.1.1 Electoral Incentive 52
5.1.2 Party Posts 54
5.2 Sunrise Group 57
5.3 Kinki Group 60
CAHPTER 6. CONCLUSION 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY 67
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘ 78Maste
κΈ°νμ¬ μ£Όλν λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μμ μ μ λ¬Έν νμ°μ λν μν κ³ μ°°
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : λ―Έμ λν νλκ³Όμ λ―Έμ κ²½μ, 2019. 2. μ μλͺ©.λ§λν μλ³Έ ν¬μλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λ§λ€μ΄μ§κ³ λκ·λͺ¨ κ΄λκ°μ΄ μ μ
νλ μ μλ€, μ΄λ₯Έλ° λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μλ€μ΄ κ΅λ΄ λ―Έμ κ΄ λ° μ μ 곡κ°μμ μ§μμ μΌλ‘ κΈ°νΒ·μ€νλκ³ μλ€. λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μλ κ΅λ΄μμ λΉκ΅μ 짧μ κΈ°κ° λμ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ ννλ‘ μ리 μ‘μΌλ©΄μ μ΄μ λν μ₯Β·λ¨μ μ΄ λ
Όμλκ³ λ μμΌλ, λ€μν λ΄λ‘ μ μμ°νμ§λ λͺ»νκ³ λ체μ μΌλ‘ λ κ°μ§μ κΈ°μ‘°, μ μμ λμ€νμ λν κΈμ μ μ
μ₯ νΉμ μ§λμΉ μμ
νμ νμΌμ±μ λν λΆμ μ μ
μ₯μΌλ‘ λλμ΄ κ³΅λ°©μ νΌμΉλ μμμ΄λ€. λμ±μ΄ μ΄ λ
Όμλ€μ κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μμ λν μ 체μ μΈ μ‘°λ§μ΄ μλ λ¨νΈμ μΈ μ¬λ‘ μ°κ΅¬λ μλ‘ μ μ μΈμ κ·ΈμΉκ³ μλ μ λμ΄κ³ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μμ μ’
ν©μ μν₯μ΄λ μν μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ λΆμ¬νλ€.
μ΄μ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μκ° μ§μμ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ¦¬κ³ μλ μμΈκ³Ό λ°°κ²½μ λν΄, λ κ·Έ μ±κ²©μ΄λ μ νμ΄ μ΄κΈ°μ μ μλ€κ³Ό λΉκ΅νμ¬ μ΄λ»κ² λ³ννκ³ μλμ§μ λν΄ μ΄μ²΄μ μΌλ‘ μ‘°λͺ
νμ¬ κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μμ νν©κ³Ό λ³ν λ° νΉμ±μ μ 체μ νλ¦ μμμ λΆμνμλ€. λλΆμ΄ κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μκ° λ―Έμ κ΄κ³Ό κ΄λκ° λͺ¨λμκ² μ΄λ ν μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉκ³ μ΄λ ν μν μ ν΄μλμ§μ λν΄μλ κ°κ΄μ ν΅κ³ μλ£λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λΆμνμκ³ νΉν λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μμ κ΄λκ°μ λν μ§μ μΈ μν₯μ μ°κ΅¬νκΈ° μν΄μ μ΄λ₯Ό νκ°ν μ€κ±°λ₯Ό λμΆνμλ€.
μ°κ΅¬ κ³ μ°°κ³Ό λΆμ κ²°κ³Ό, κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μλ μκ°μ νλ¦μ λ°λΌ μ νκ³Ό ννκ° λ³ννμμΌλ©°, κ·Έ νΉμ§μ ν¬κ² μΈ κ°μ μ νμΌλ‘ λΆλ₯ν μ μμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ μμ λ³νμ λ°λΌ μλμ κ΄λμμλ κ΄λκ°μ μλκ³Ό λ₯λμ΄ κ³΅μ‘΄νλ μ κ·Ήμ μ°Έμ¬μλ₯Ό κ±°μ³, μμ
λ―Έλμ΄(Social Media)λ₯Ό ν΅ν ꡬμ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λ§λ€μ΄λ΄λ μΈν루μΈμ(Influencer)λ‘, μ μ λ§μΌν°(Marketer)λ‘μμ κ΄λκ°μ΄ λμλ€. κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μλ λ―Έμ κ΄ κ΄μ μμ μ μμ λ€μν λ° μ¬μ λ, κ΄λκ° κ°λ°μ΄λΌλ λ¬Έμ λ€μ λμμ ν΄κ²°ν΄ μ£Όλ κ²½μ λ§μΌν
λ°©λ²μΌλ‘μ ν° κΈ°λ₯μ ν΄μ€κ³ μμκ³ , κ΄λκ° κ΄μ μμλ λ§μ λμ€λ€μ΄ λ―Έμ μ μλ₯Ό λΉκ΅μ μ½κ², λ λ§μ΄ μ ν μ μλ κΈ°νλ₯Ό μ 곡νμ¬ μ μ κ΄λμ μ¦κ°λ₯Ό κ°μ Έμλ€. μ΄μ κ°μ΄ κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μλ λ―Έμ κ΄κ³Ό κ΄λκ° λ μΈ‘λ©΄ λͺ¨λμ μνΈ μμ©νμ¬ μμΌλ©° κ²°κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μ μ λ¬Ένκ° νμ°λλ λ°μ μ€μ¬ μν μ ν΄μλ€.Blockbuster Exhibitions', which are created through massive capital investment and attracted by large audiences, are constantly being planned and executed in domestic museums and exhibition spaces in Korea. Although the Blockbuster Exhibitions have been discussed in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of the new exhibition form in Korea, it has not produced various discourses, but it has been generally divided into two keynotes, the positive attitude toward the popularization of exhibitions, or the negative attitudes toward the excessive commercialization and uniformity.
Β Β Β Β Therefore, this study analyzed the current status and overall changes of the Blockbuster Exhibitions in Korea, explaining the causes and backgrounds of the them, and how their characteristics and types are changing compared to the early exhibitions. In addition, I analyze how visitors are reacting and how they are affected by the changes of the Blockbuster Exhibition patterns, including qualitative influences. In conclusion, Blockbuster Exhibitions in Korea have increased the number of visitors to the museums by providing them with an opportunity to access arts relatively easily. Visitors who were passive spectators became active influencers and marketers as well, creating word-of-mouth effects through social media. Also, Blockbuster Exhibitions have been playing a big role for the audience development and solutions of financial difficulties as marketing tools in museums. Thus, the Blockbuster Exhibitions have played a central role in spreading the exhibition culture through interaction between museums and visitors in Korea.μ 1 μ₯ μλ‘ 1
μ 1 μ μ°κ΅¬ λ°°κ²½ 1
μ 2 μ μ°κ΅¬ νμμ±κ³Ό λͺ©μ 3
μ 3 μ μ°κ΅¬ λ°©λ²κ³Ό κ΅¬μ± 6
μ 2 μ₯ μ΄λ‘ μ κ³ μ°° 9
μ 1 μ μ μ 9
1. κ°λ
9
2. μ ν λ° νΉμ± 15
μ 2 μ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μ 21
1. κ°λ
21
2. μμ± λ°°κ²½ 25
3. μ νκ³Ό κ΅¬μ± μμ 34
μ 3 μ κ΄λκ° λ° κ΄λ κ²½ν 39
μ 3 μ₯ κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μ 45
μ 1 μ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μ νν© 45
1. μ μ νμ 45
2. μ μ μ₯μ 48
μ 2 μ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μ λΆμ 51
1. μ μ μ§μκ³Ό μκΈ° 51
2. μ μ μ£Όμ 58
3. μ μ μμ 72
μ 4 μ₯ κ΅λ΄ λΈλ‘λ²μ€ν° μ μμ μν λ° μν₯ 79
μ 1 μ λ―Έμ κ΄ μΈ‘λ©΄ 79
1. κ΄λκ° κ°λ° 79
2. μ μμ λ€μν 86
μ 2 μ κ΄λκ° μΈ‘λ©΄ 89
1. μ μ κ΄λ μ¦κ° (μμ μν₯) 89
2. λ―Έμ μ°κ³ νλ (μ§μ μν₯) 93
μ 3 μ μκ²°: μ μ λ¬Ένμ νμ° 105
μ 5 μ₯ κ²°λ‘ 107
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 111
λΆλ‘ 119
Abstract 143Docto
λ€κΈ°κ΄ μ°κ΅¬, 2006β2010
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μνκ³Ό μμκ³Όν μ 곡, 2013. 2. μ΅μν.Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of invasive bacterial infections in children. Serotype distribution of pneumococcus is different according to the study period and region, and it is also influenced by type of vaccine used. The purpose of this study is to investigate serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumococcal isolates from invasive infections in children by a multicenter study, between 2006 and 2010, when 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) had been widely used and 10 (PCV10) or 13-valent (PCV13) vaccine has just been introduced in Korea.
Methods: From January 2006 to December 2010, 140 pneumococcal isolates from invasive infections in children younger than 18 years collected in 8 centers in Korea were included in this study. Serotype was determined by Quellung reaction or multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by E-test and interpreted according to the 2003 CLSI guideline for epidemiological comparison. Medical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively.
Results: The most common serotypes among 140 isolates were 19A (n=32, 22.9%), 19F (n=17, 12.1%), 6B (n=12, 8.6%), and 23F (n=11, 7.9%). Overall, the proportions of PCV7 serotypes were 45.0%, additional 3 serotypes in PCV10 were 2.9%, and 3 PCV13-specific serotypes were 29.3%. In a trend analysis of yearly serotype proportion between 2006 and 2010, PCV7 serotype had decreased from 62.5% to 21.4% (P=0.002), whereas additional 6 serotypes in PCV13 had increased from 21.9% to 46.4% (P=0.031). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done for 123 isolates, nonsusceptibility rates of penicillin, cefotaxime, and erythromycin were 88.6%, 23.6%, and 87.0%, respectively. Penicillin nonsusceptibility rates of PCV7 serotypes, additional 3 serotypes in PCV10, 3 PCV13-specific serotypes, and nonvaccine serotypes were 91.2%, 0.0%, 94.4%, and 85.2%cefotaxime nonsusceptibility rates were 17.5%, 0.0%, 47.2%, and 7.4%and erythromycin nonsusceptibility rates were 94.7%, 33.3%, 91.7%, and 70.4%, respectively.
Conclusions: In this study of pneumococcal isolates from pediatric invasive infection between 2006 and 2010, the proportion of PCV7 serotypes decreased, while additional serotypes in PCV13 increased over time. Antimicrobial resistance rates were higher in PCV7 serotypes and additional serotypes in PCV13. These findings can be the basis of pneumococcal vaccine policy and treatment strategy of pneumococcal infections in children in Korea.Abstract ................................................. i
Contents ............................................... iv
List of tables and figures ......................... v
List of abbreviations ............................... vii
Introduction ............................................ 1
Material and Methods .............................. 6
Results ................................................. 12
1. Patients and pneumococcal isolates .... 12
2. Serotype distribution ........................... 14
3. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility ........... 29
4. Outcome ........................................... 39
Discussion ............................................ 41
References ........................................... 48
Abstract in Korean .................................. 53Maste
An Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism in the Ξ±2B-Adrenoceptor Gene is not a Genetic Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease in the Korean Population
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex multigenic disorder, with significant inheritable elements having important roles relating to environmental factors. Recently, the alpha 2 adrenoceptor (alpha(2)-AR) gene has been reported to be involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between an insertion/deletion (I/D) in alpha(2B)-AR and CAD in Korean subjects.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The alpha(2B)-AR I/D polymorphism, which was located in the third intracellular loop of the receptor polypeptide, was examined in 292 patients (M:F=219:73) with CAD and 151 healthy control subjects (M:F=70:81) who visited the Cardiovascular Genome Center in Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital.
RESULTS: In the patient group, 77 men (35.1%) and 26 women (35.6%) had the I/I genotype; 105 men (47.9%) and 39 women (53.4%) a heterozygous genotype and 37 (17.0%) and 8 (11.0%) the D/D genotype. In the controls, 23 men (32.8%) and 29 women (35.8%) had the I/I genotype; 38 (54.3%) and 39 (48.1%) the I/D genotype and 9 (12.9%) and 13 (16.1%) the D/D genotype. There were no differences in the genotype frequencies between the patient and control groups, either in men or women. From a logistical regression analysis, the alpha(2B)-AR genotype was not significantly associated with CAD in our study group.
CONCLUSION: The alpha(2B)-AR I/D polymorphism is not a risk factor for CAD in the Korean population.ope
The Effects of the Ξ²2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphism on theRisk of Essential Hypertension
Background and ObjectivesοΌConsidering the physiological importance of the Ξ²2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene, "functional" molecular variations of the gene might cause attenuated vasodilatation, leading to increased total peripheral resistance and; hence, ultimately result in hypertension. Significant evidence has been provided for the pathophysiological involvement of the Ξ²2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) in hypertension. The genetic variation of the ADRB2 gene, to see if there might be any relationship to essential hypertension, was investigated.
Subjects and MethodsοΌOne ADRB2 gene polymorphism, Arg16Gly (ArgβGly variant), was investigated in this study. The genotypes of Arg16Gly in 318 hypertensive patients and 309 normotensive subjects were analyzed.
ResultsοΌNo significant differences were found in the allele and genotype frequencies between patients with hypertension and normotensive subjects. There was no association of the ADRB2 polymorphism (Arg16Gly) with hypertension or the other phenotypes measured in our study populations.
ConclusionοΌOur data suggest that ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphisms are unlikely to confer the genetic susceptibility for hypertension in the Korean population. However, further investigation is warranted to clarify the relevance of ADRB2 polymorphisms in blood pressure regulation.ope
The Impact of Apolipoprotein A-I Polymorphisms on the Lipid Profiles in Middle Aged Healthy Men and Women
Background and ObjectivesοΌApolipoprotein A-I is the major lipoprotein constituent of high density lipoprotein in plasma. In this study, the role of two polymorphisms in the apo A-I gene was investigated on the serum lipid profiles and apo A-I levels in healthy men and women.
Subjects and MethodsοΌBlood samples were obtained from 417 subjects (MοΌF=169οΌ248, mean age 47.2 years). The apo A-I genotypes were determined by SNP-IT assays using the SNPstream 25KTM system.
ResultsοΌThe frequencies of the A allele at the XmnI restriction site and position -75 bp were 0.25/0.23 and 0.19/0.17 in men and women, respectively. A strong positive linkage disequilibrium (Dβ=0.990) between two polymorphisms was detected. In men, the A allele at the XmnI restriction site was associated with significantly lower levels of triglyceride (p=0.028) compared to the G/G subjects, but no significant associations were detected between the G-75A polymorphism and any of the lipid traits examined. In women, each A allele for the XmnI restriction site and -75 bp polymorphisms were significantly associated with higher levels of apo A-I (p=0.032 and p=0.012). In the multiple regression analysis, the HDL, being a current drinker and the A allele of the XmnI restriction site polymorphism were major determinants of the serum apo A-I levels in women (R2=0.272, p<0.05).
ConclusionοΌOur study showed that the A allele at XmnI restriction site in the apo A-I gene was associated with decreased triglyceride levels in men. Each A allele of two polymorphisms was associated with an elevated apo A-I level in women.ope
Effects of family relationship on burden of family caregivers of older adult with dementia
κ°νΈνκ³Ό/μμ¬[νκΈ]λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈκ³Ό κ°μ‘±μμ νΉμ±, κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³, κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ° μ λλ₯Ό νμ
νκ³ , μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ λ보λ κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ°μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ νμ
νμ¬ μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈ κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ°μ κ°μμν€κΈ° μν ν¨μ¨μ μΈ κ°νΈμ€μ¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨ κ°λ°μ μν κΈ°μ΄μλ£λ₯Ό μ 곡νκ³ μ μλλ μμ μ μ‘°μ¬ μ°κ΅¬μ΄λ€.μλ£ μμ§μ 2009λ
9μ 15μΌλΆν° 2009λ
12μ 04μΌκΉμ§, μ¬κ° μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ κ°μ‘±μ 151λͺ
μ λμμΌλ‘ ꡬ쑰νλ μ€λ¬Έμ§λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ‘μΌλ©°, μ°κ΅¬λꡬλ μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ μΌμμν μνλ₯λ ₯μΈ Activities of Daily Living(Katz, 1963), κΈ°μ΅ λ° λ¬Έμ νλ νκ°(μ΄νμ, 2004), Family Environment Scale(Moos, 1986)μ κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³ μμ, Zarit λ±(1980)μ΄ κ°λ°ν Burden Interview(BI)λ₯Ό κΆμ€λ(1996)μ΄ μμ , 보μ νμ¬ νκ΅ν κ°μ‘± λΆλ΄κ° λκ΅¬λ‘ κ°λ°ν κ²μ μ¬μ©νμλ€.μμ§λ μλ£μ λΆμμ SPSS/Win version 17.0μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ€μμ λ°±λΆμ¨, νκ· κ³Ό νμ€νΈμ°¨, t-test, ANOVA(Scheffe μ¬νκ²μ¦), νΌμ΄μ¨ μκ΄κ΄κ³ λΆμ(Pearson's correlation coefficient), λ€μ€ νκ·λΆμ(multiple regression analysis)μ μ΄μ©νμλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€.1. κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ° μ λλ 3.1μ (5μ μ²λ)μ΄μκ³ , νμ μμλ³ μ μλ‘λ λ
ΈμΈ-κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³μ λΆμ μ λ³νμ 건κ°μμ λΆλ΄ 3.4μ , μ¬ννλ μ ν 3.2μ , μ¬μ λ° κ²½μ νλ μμ λΆλ΄ 3.1μ , κ°μ‘± κ° κ΄κ³μ λΆμ μ λ³ν 3.0μ , μ¬λ¦¬μ λΆλ΄ 2.5μ μ΄μλ€. κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³ μ λλ 27μ λ§μ μ 18μ μ΄μκ³ , μΈλΆ μμλ³ μ μλ κ°κ° 9μ λ§μ μ, μμ§ 6.1μ , νν 5.2, κ°λ± 6.7μ μ΄μλ€. μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ κΈ°μ΅ λ° λ¬Έμ νλ μ¦μ λΉλλ νκ· 1.7μ (0-4λ²μ)μ΄μκ³ , μ΄μ λ°λ₯Έ κ°μ‘±μ κ³ ν΅μ λλ νκ· 1.5μ (0-4λ²μ)μ΄μλ€. κ°μ‘±μ΄ μΈμ§ν μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ μΌμμν μνλ₯λ ₯μ νκ· 1.7μ (6μ λ§μ )μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€.2. κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ°μ μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ μΌλ°μ νΉμ± μ€ κ°μ‘±μμ΄ μΈμ§ν μΌμμν μνλ₯λ ₯μ λ°λΌ μ μν μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό λνλ΄μμΌλ©°, νμ μμλ³λ‘λ νμ₯μ€ κ°κΈ°(t=2.675, p=.009), μ΄λνκΈ°(t=2.171, p=.032), λμλ³ κ°λ¦¬κΈ°(t=2.641, p=.009), μμ¬νκΈ°(t=2.037, p=.044)κ° ν΅κ³μ μΌλ‘ μ μν μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보μλ€. λν κ°μ‘±μ μΌλ°μ νΉμ±μμλ κ°μ‘±μμ μ°λ Ή(F=2.880, p=.039), μ§μ
μ 무(t=-2.212, p=.029), μ£Ό λλ΄ κ°μ‘±μ(F=3.771, p=.013), ν루 νκ· λλ΄ μκ°(F=5.835, p=.001), λλ΄ κ΅λκ°μ‘± μ(F=3.976, p=.022), 건κ°μν(F=7.796, p=.001)μ λ°λΌ μ μν μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό λνλ΄μλ€.3. κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ°μ μ¦μλΉλ(r=.42, p<.000), κ°μ‘±λμ΄(r=.20, p=.041), κ°μ‘± ν루 νκ· λλ΄ μκ°(r=.24, p<.015)κ³Ό μ μν μμ μκ΄κ΄κ³κ° μμκ³ , κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³(r=-.47, p<.000), μμ§(r=-.45, p<.000), νν(r=-.42, p<.000), κ°λ±(r=-.31, p=.001), μΌμμν μνλ₯λ ₯(r=-.24, p=.008), κ΅λκ°μ‘± μ(r=-.23, p=.012)μλ μ μν μμ μκ΄κ΄κ³κ° μμλ€.4. κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ°μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ κ΄λ ¨μμΈμ κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³, κ°μ‘±μ΄ μΈμ§ν μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ μΌμμν μνλ₯λ ₯, ν루 νκ· μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈ λλ΄ μκ°, κ°μ‘±μμ 건κ°μνλ‘ μ 체 μ€λͺ
λ ₯μ 40.7%λ₯Ό λνλ΄μλ€. μ΄ μ€ κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ°μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ κ°μ₯ μ€μν κ΄λ ¨μμΈμ κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³λ‘ 22.1%μ μ€λͺ
λ ₯μ λνλ΄μλ€.μ΄μμ μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όλ κ°μ‘±μμ λΆλ΄κ°μ κ°μμν€κΈ° μν μ€μ¬λ°©λ²μ κ³ λ €ν΄μΌν μ¬ν μ€ κ°μ‘±μ μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ κ°μ‘± μνΈκ΄κ³μ 건κ°μνλ₯Ό μ¦μ§μν€κ³ ν루 νκ· μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈμ λ보λ μκ°μ κ°μμμΌ μ€ μ μλ λ°©μμ, μΉλ§€λ
ΈμΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ μΌμμν μνλ₯λ ₯μ μ¦μ§ λλ μ μ§μν¬ μ μλ λ°©μ λ§λ ¨μ΄ νμν¨μ μμ¬νλ€.
[μλ¬Έ]prohibitio
μ¬λ¬΄κΈμ΅ μμ₯μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κ²½μνκ³Ό, 2017. 2. κΉμ°μ§.This thesis analyzes key issues in the financial markets such as IPO, stock issuance, and insider trading. In the first chapter, I examine the impact of expected skewness on IPO underpricing using a sample of 17,051 IPOs from 23 countries. The findings show that IPOs with high expected skewness have significantly higher first-day returns globally. Regardless of the difference in the estimation method or portfolio formation, the results show strong evidence of the skewness preference in the IPO market. Furthermore, I show that overpaying for IPOs with high expected skewness is more pronounced in countries with relatively high gambling propensity, a large number of non-religious populations, and individualism tendencies. Our results support the implications of recent theoretical and empirical models of the preference for skewness in international financial markets.
In the second chapter, I investigate the link between market reactions to free-bonus issues and trading restrictions in unique issuance procedures. In Korea, free-bonus seekers spend approximately 33 trading days in line to get newly issued bonus shares. Therefore, investors who are motivated to buy or sell that are scheduled to issue a bonus will face trade restrictions for more than a month and a half. I show that the positive abnormal stock returns on the announcement and the ex-dates of free-bonus issues are associated with the degree of trading restrictions. The characteristic adjusted returns of announcement date (or ex-date) at the highest trading restriction stocks are 6.11% (5.50%) compared with 1.76%(1.46%) at the lowest trading restriction stocks. On the other hand, there is a statistically significant negative difference in returns between the stocks with the highest trading restrictions and those with the lowest trading restrictions around the pay-date where the trading restrictions are eliminated. These market responses are not fully explained by existing signal and liquidity hypotheses. I conclude that trading restrictions hypothesis is a driver that solves a puzzle that is not explained by the previous studies.
In the last chapter, I analyze that predictability of insider trading on future stock price crash varies according to the types of insiders and the timing of the sale. Using insider trading data from Korea between 2005 and 2014, I find that largest shareholders tend to sell far before a stock price crash, while other types of insiders, including other large shareholders and executives, are more likely to sell immediately prior to a crash. Such pattern is more pronounced in firms with low CSR scores and low R-squares, but not observed among firms with high CSR scores or high R-squares. We also find that our results are stronger amongst firms with higher litigation risk. These findings suggest that largest shareholders may be well aware of the potential legal or reputational risk associated with insider trading while the remaining insiders may be less concerned.Essayβ
: Skewness Preference and IPO Underpricing in International Markets 1
1. Introduction 2
2. Data 7
2.1. IPO sample selection 7
2.2. Country- and world-level data 8
2.3. Variable description 9
2.3.1. Skewness 9
2.3.2. Variables 11
2.4. Summary statistics 12
3. Results 13
3.1. Portfolio analyses 13
3.2. Multivariate analysis 16
4. Additional evidence 20
4.1. Cultural dimensions 20
4.2. Additional tests 24
4.3. Long-term performance 26
5. Conclusion 29
References 31
Essayβ
‘: Trading restrictions of free-bonus issues in an emerging market 63
1. Introduction 64
2. Free bonus issues and trading restrictions 70
2.1. The Singularity of Koreas free bonus issue 70
2.2 Related literatures 72
2.3. Data and methodology 74
3. Empirical results 77
3.1. Summary statistics 77
3.2. Trading pattern and returns around Free-bonus issues events 78
3.3. Event returns and proxies for the degree of trading restrictions 80
3.4. Long-term performance and the investors long-term profits 83
4. Additional test 86
4.1. Market conditions 86
4.2. Freshness and staleness of the news of free-bonus issues 89
4.3. Factors driving FBI returns 91
5. Conclusion 93
References 96
Essayβ
’: When Does Insider Sales Predict a Crash 125
1. Introduction 126
2. Background and hypothesis development 132
2.1. Hypothesis development 132
2.2. Estimation model 137
3. Data and descriptive statistics . 138
3.1. Sample 138
3.2. Measures of Crash risk 141
4. Results 143
4.1. Main Results 143
4.2. Robustness test: Earnings announcement 144
4.3. Additional Evidence 147
4.3.1. Corporate social responsibility 147
4.3.2. Expected litigation risk 148
4.4. Price informativeness 149
4.5. Duration analysis 151
5. Conclusion 153
References 155
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘ 181Docto
Split Masculinity and the Failure of Growth Narrative in Pierre
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μμ΄μλ¬Ένκ³Ό, 2017. 2. κ°μ°μ±.γνΌμλ₯΄γλ 19μΈκΈ° μ€μ½ λΆλ―Έ μ¬νμ νμΌμ μΈ μ λ μ΄λΆλ²κ³Ό μ±μ₯ λ΄λ‘ μ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ κΈ°νλ€. μλ
μ μ¬μ±μ 곡κ°μΈ κ°μ μ νμΆν΄ λ¨μ±λ€μ μ§λ¨μμ κ²½μνκ³ μ°λνλ©° μμ μ΄ μ¬μ±μ΄ μλμ μ¦λͺ
ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ±μΈ λ¨μ±μΌλ‘ μ±μ₯νλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ γνΌμλ₯΄γμ λΉμ νμ μ¬μ±μΈλ¬Όλ€μ μ£ΌμΈκ³΅ νΌμλ₯΄κ° μμ μ μΈ λ¨μ± μ£Όμ²΄λ‘ μ±μ₯νλ κ²μ λ°©ν΄νλ€. νΌμλ₯΄μ μ΄λ¨Έλ λ©λ¦¬μ, μμ μ΄ κ·Έμ μ΄λ³΅λμ΄λΌκ³ μ£Όμ₯νλ μ΄μ벨μ νΌμλ₯΄μ κ·ΌμΉμκ°μ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό λ§ΊμΌλ©° κ΄μ΅μ μΈ μ΄μ±μ μ§μλ₯Ό κ΅λνλ€. λ©λ¦¬λ κ°μ 곡κ°μμ νμ λ μμ μ μλ¨μ λΆμ¬λ°λ μΌλ°μ μΈ μ¬μ±κ³Ό λ¬λ¦¬ λ³ΈμΈμ΄ λ¨μ±μ μμΉλ₯Ό μ μ νκ³ νΌμλ₯΄λ₯Ό μ¬μ±ννλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κ·Έλ
μ μ§λ°°λ λ¨μ± 주체/μ¬μ± κ°μ²΄μ μ΄λΆνλ 체μ λ΄μμ μ μ§λλ μ μ μ μΈ κ²μ΄λ©° λ°λΌμ λ¨μ± μ€μ¬μ μΈ μ λ μ§νμ μ 볡νμ§λ λͺ»νλ€. μ΄μ벨과μ κ·ΌμΉμκ°μ κ·λ²μ μ΄μ±μ μ§μμ λ¨μ± 주체/μ¬μ± κ°μ²΄ μ΄λΆλ²μ΄ μν΄λ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μκ³ νλ€. νΌμλ₯΄λ μ΄μ벨μκ² λ리면μλ λλ €μμ λλλ€. νΌμλ₯΄μ λ¨μ±μ±μ 주체μ ν΄μ²΄λ₯Ό ν₯ν μΆ©λκ³Ό μ΄λ‘ μΈν λΆμ μ¬μ΄μμ λΆμ΄λμ΄ μλ€. νΌμλ₯΄λ κΈ°μ‘΄μ λ¨μ±μ±μ ν΄μ²΄ν μ΄μ벨κΉμ§λ ν¬μν μ μλ λμ± κ°λ ₯ν μ λμ μΈ λ¨μ± μ£Όμ²΄κ° λ¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ΄ λΆμ΄μ λ΄ν©νκ³ μ νλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ νΌμλ₯΄λ μ΄μ벨μ μ΄μΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨μ±μ κΈμ°κΈ°λ‘ μ μ νμ¬ μ¬ννκ³ μ νμ§λ§ μ€ν¨νλ€. λ©λΉμ νΌμλ₯΄μ μ€ν¨λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λΉλ λ―Έκ΅ μ¬νμ λΏλ¦¬λ΄λ¦° μ λ μ΄λΆλ²κ³Ό μ΄μ λ°νν λ¨μ±μ±μ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ κΈ°νλ€. λ©λΉμκ² μ§μ ν μ±μ₯μ΄ μλ€λ©΄, νμνμ κ²½κ³ νμ±μΌλ‘ μ μ§λλ λ¨μ±μ±μ΄ μλλΌ μ λ μ΄λΆλ²μ ν΄μ²΄νλ κ²μ΄λ€.μλ‘ 1
λ³Έλ‘ 12
β
. μλ€ λ©λμ°μ¦μ μ±κ·λ²κ³Ό μ΄λ¨Έλμ κ΅λ 12
β
‘. μ±λ³μ΄μμ μ ν΄μ²΄μ νΌμλ₯΄μ λΆμ΄ 33
β
’. κΈμ°κΈ°μ μλ‘μ΄ λ¨μ±μ±μ μ€ν¨ 49
κ²°λ‘ 68
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 69
Abstract 74Maste
- β¦