17 research outputs found

    The alteration of cytokine mRNA expression and mucosal goblet cell responses by cyclospori

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    ์˜์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]ํ˜ธ๋ฅดํ…์Šค๊ทน๊ตฌํก์ถฉ ํ”ผ๋‚ญ์œ ์ถฉ์„ C3H/HeN ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ฉด์—ญ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ cyclosporin-A(CsA)์™€ ํ•ญํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์ œ์ธ cimetidine๊ณผ hydroxyzine์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋‚ญ์œ ์ถฉ๋งŒ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚จ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„์žฅ์˜ cytokine์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์†Œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ถฉ์ฒด ํšŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์žฅ์ ๋ง‰๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ mucin์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. Cytokine์€ TNF-ฮฑ, IL-1ฮฒ, IL-4 ๋ฐ IL-5์˜ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด RT-PCR์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ mucin์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด PSA์™€ lectin histochemistry๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด CsA ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ถฉ์ฒด ํšŒ์ˆ˜์œจ(p<0.01)๊ณผ Th1 type cytokine mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(TNF-ฮฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ ํ›„ 3์ฃผ ์ œ์™ธ), ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜์™€ mucin์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(p<0.05).Cimetidine ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ฒด ํšŒ์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.05), IL-1ฮฒ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ cytokine๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜์™€ mucin ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  hydroxyzine ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ฒด ํšŒ์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.01), IL-4์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , IL-5๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ณด์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ mucin์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด CsA๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— Th1 type cytokine๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์–ต์ œ๋กœ, ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ mucin ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์–ด ์ถฉ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Th2 type cytokine์ธ IL-4๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์–ด ์ถฉ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ hydroxyzine๊ณผ ๋šœ๋ ท์ด ์–ต์ œ๋œ cytokine์ด ์—†๋Š” cimetidine์€ ์•ฝ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ์žฅ ๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ์™€ mucin ๋ถ„๋น„ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค histamineH1๊ณผ H2 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ์ƒ์˜ histamine ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์–ด ํ˜ธ๋ฅดํ…์Šค๊ทน๊ตฌํก์ถฉ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•ฝ์ œ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถฉ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋‚˜ CsA ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ญํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ญํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์ œ ์ค‘ hydroxyzine ๋ณด๋‹ค cimetidine์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The responses of intestinal mucosal goblet cells(GCs) and the GC mucin were followed during the course of laboratory infection of C3H/HeN mice with Echinostoma hortense. In this study, the alteration of cytokine mRNA(TNF-ฮฑ, IL-1ฮฒ, IL-4 and IL-5) expression, intestinal worm recovery rate(WWR) and mucosal goblet cell responses were measured on every weeks from 0 to 5 post-infection(PI) in control and drug treated group, cyclosporin-A(CsA), hydroxyzine and cimetidine. Compared with the control group, T helper type 1(Th1) cytokine(TNF-ฮฑ, IL-ฮฒ) mRNA expression was down-regulated in CsA treated group, but equally expressed cytokines in cimetidine treated group, except IL-1ฮฒ alone can act as a proinflammatory cytokine. IL-4 mRNA expression was down-regulated in hydroxyzine treated group. WWR was significantly increased in drug treated groups(CsA and hydroxyzine:p<0.01, cimetidine:p<0.05). Mucosal GCs and GC mucin responses were significantly decreased in CsA treated group(p<0.01), but significantly increased in cimetidine(p<0.05) or hydroxyzine treated group(p<0.01). These data suggest that CsA inhibits production of Th1 type immune cells necessary for the worm expulsion, histamine receptor antagonists that binding of histamine to its receptors on intestinal smooth muscles is more important than intestinal GCs and GC mucin activation for worm expulsion period of E. hortense from C3H/HeN mice.ope

    Fracture and Impact toughness of Metastable High Entropy Alloys at Cryogenic Temperature

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    Doctor6.1 FCC to BCC transformation-induced plasticity based on thermodynamic phase stability in novel V10Cr10Fe45CoxNi35-x medium-entropy alloys V10Cr10Fe45CoxNi(35-x) system was designed by utilizing thermodynamic calculations in consideration of phase stability between BCC and FCC. The increase of Co content and decrease of temperature activated FCC to BCC martensitic transformation. Transformation sequence at cryogenic temperature is FCC to BCC martensitic transformation via intermediate HCP martensite. The sigmoidal curve consisted of an easy deformation stage at low strain followed by a rapid strain hardening stage at higher strains. In the former stage, the strain hardening rate gradually decreased with the HCP martensite formation. Then, the strain softening disappeared as the amount of BCC martensite increases. The tensile strength increase as the transformation rate increases. Thus, FCC to BCC transformation can be an effective mechanism for improving cryogenic strength and ductility. 6.2 Analysis of cryogenic fracture toughness of TRIP-assisted VCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy Tensile and fracture toughness tests were conducted on a metastable V10Cr10Fe45Co30Ni5 HEA, and the results were compared with those of the V10Cr10Fe45Co20Ni15, CoCrFeMnNi and CrCoNi alloys. As the test temperature decreases, the present alloy shows an increase by 60โ€“70% in yield and tensile strength and elongation as well as high strain-hardening rate. The KJIc fracture toughness values were 230 and 237 MPaยทm1/2 at 298 and 77K, respectively. The superior fracture toughness of the present alloy was attributed to the FCC to BCC TRIP at 77K. It shows comparable failure characteristics of TWIP MPEA making clear that BCC martensite can be exploited in MPEA research field for cryogenic application. We further employed the Ab-initio calculations to compare the SFEs and the differences of phase stability of the V10Cr10Fe45Co20Ni15 alloy as well as V10Cr10Fe45Co20Ni15, CrMnFeCoNi, CrCoNi and Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 alloys. The V10Cr10Fe45Co30Ni5 alloy show the lowest G(BCC)-G(FCC) value despite its high SFE. Therefore, the driving force for FCC to BCC transformation is the largest among the aforementioned MPEAs, and this is the reason of the FCC to BCC transformation. KAM analysis confirms that the plastic deformation sufficiently occurs at BCC in spite of general brittle characteristics at cryogenic temperature. According to this study, thus, the activated BCC-TRIP with decreasing temperature acted as a key parameter contributing to the relief of detrimental cryogenic-temperature effects. 6.3 Effects of deformationโ€“induced BCC martensitic transformation and twinning on impact toughness and dynamic tensile response in metastable VCrFeCoNi highโ€“entropy alloy Quasiโ€“static and dynamic tensile properties of a metastable V10Cr10Fe45Co30Ni5 HEA were investigated at room and cryogenic temperatures, and they were systematically correlated with the Charpy impact toughness. Under the quasiโ€“static tensile loading, the TWIP mechanism occurred at 289 K, while the TRIP mechanism occurred at 77 K. Under the dynamic loading, more deformation twins were formed at 298 K, and the amount of martensite reduced at 77 K. These variations of twinning and martensitic transformation were elucidated by the raised flow stress and by the adiabatic heating effect, respectively. They were confirmed by combining with abโ€“initio calculations, leading to the strong dependency of the energetic stability of BCC and HCP phases relative to the FCC phase. Charpy impact toughness maintained almost constant, although the test temperature decreased from 298 to 77 K. Charpy impact deformation behavior was closer to the dynamic tensile behavior than quasi-static one. The dynamic grainโ€“refinement effect due to complex network structure inside BCC martensite plays a key role in preventing the ductile-to-brittle transition phenomenon.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒคํ”ผ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ธ์„ฑ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์Œ์ •์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ์งˆ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ์šฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ์งˆ, ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒคํ”ผ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ด์—ญํ•™ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค€์•ˆ์ • ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทน์ €์˜จ์šฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ„ฐํ”„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์˜จ ๋ฐ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ์—์„œ ์ƒคํ”ผ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์  ์ธ์žฅ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ๊ทน์ €์˜จ์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. 1. ์—ด์—ญํ•™์  ์ƒ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” V10Cr10Fe45CoxNi35-x ์ค‘์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ด์—ญํ•™ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด FCC ์ƒ๊ณผ BCC ์ƒ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” V10Cr10Fe45CoxNi35-x ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Coํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ…์‹œํ‹ฑ ๋ณ€ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋œ๋‹ค. FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ…์‹œํ‹ฑ ๋ณ€ํƒœ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์ธ HCP ์ƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ์ธ์žฅ์‹œ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ HCP์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์—ฐํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ BCC์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ฒฝํ™”์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ S์ž ์ปค๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ…์‹œํ‹ฑ ๋ณ€ํƒœ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” VCrFeCoNi ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ์ค€์•ˆ์ • ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” V10Cr10Fe45Co30Ni5 ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค€์ •์  ์ธ์žฅ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ CoCrFeMnNi์™€ CrCoNi ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ฒฝํ™”๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ๋ณต ๋ฐ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด 60โ€“70% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. KJIc ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์€ 298 ๋ฐ 77 K์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 230 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  237 MPaยทm1/2๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” TWIP ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ V10Cr10Fe45Co20Ni15, V10Cr10Fe45Co20Ni15, CrMnFeCoNi, CrCoNi ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ Ab-initio ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด SFE ๋ฐ ์ƒ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. V10Cr10Fe45Co30Ni5 ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ SFE๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ G(BCC)-G(FCC)๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ„ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํƒœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด BCC ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ…์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ํŒŒ๊ดด ์ธ์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„ ํŒŒ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ EBSD ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ KAM ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ BCC ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ BCC ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. 3. VCrFeCoNi ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์Œ์ •์ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์ธ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋™์  ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ค€์•ˆ์ • ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” V10Cr10Fe45Co30Ni5 ๊ณ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค€์ •์  ๋ฐ ๋™์  ์ธ์žฅ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒคํ”ผ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์–ด ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค€์ •์  ์ธ์žฅํ•˜์—์„œ 298 K์—์„œ๋Š” TWIP๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ 77 K์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์  ์ธ์žฅํ•˜์—์„œ ์œ ๋™ ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‹จ์—ด์Šน์˜จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด TWIP์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. Ab-initio ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ FCC์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ BCC ์ƒ๊ณผ HCP์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด FCC ์ƒ์—์„œ HCP ์ƒ ๋ฐ BCC์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒคํ”ผ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์ธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋™์  ์ธ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ BCC ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ…์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋™์  ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” BCC์žฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ฑ ์ทจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
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