129 research outputs found

    POSTN ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ทŒ์žฅ ฮฒ-์„ธํฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์žฅ์•  ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘ ์™„ํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์ด์ •ํ‘œ.์„œ๋ก : ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ธ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘(DN)์€ ์‹ ์žฅ ์„ฌ์œ ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ periostin (POSTN)์ด ์‹ ์žฅ ์„ฌ์œ ์ฆ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘์—์„œ POSTN์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ POSTN ๋ฐ tenascin C (TNC) ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ํŽธ์ธก ์‹ ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ (UNXSTZ)์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ 50mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ)์€ 5์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ WT ๋ฐ Postn-null mice ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ์ด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน: wild-type sham (WT sham), wild-type UNXSTZ (WT STZ), Postn-null mice sham (KO sham), Postn-null mice UNXSTZ (KO STZ)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 20์ฃผ ํ›„, ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋งˆ์ปค์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ์„œ NRK 49F ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ TGF-ฮฒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์— ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , STZ์œผ๋กœ INS-1 ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•œ ๋’ค cell viability๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์ธ์ฒด ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ POSTN ๋ฐ TNC์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. WT STZ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ KO STZ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ ๋ฐฐ์„ค์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ„์งˆ ์„ฌ์œ ์ฆ์ด ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ KO STZ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์„ฌ์œ ์ฆ ๋งˆ์ปค ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ TNC์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. KO STZ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ WT STZ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ทŒ์žฅ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์™„์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์กด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” NRK-49F ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ TGF-ฮฒ์™€ rPOSTN์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ fibrosis ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ TGF-ฮฒ๋‹จ๋…์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. INS-1 ์„ธํฌ์— STZ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ ํ•ญ POSTN antibody๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ STZ ๋‹จ๋… ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ cell viability๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : POSTN์˜ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ์ทŒ์žฅ ฮฒ ์„ธํฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ์žฅ ์„ฌ์œ  ์™„ํ™”์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. POSTN ์ฐจ๋‹จ์€ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฝฉํŒฅ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, is associated with kidney fibrosis. Previous study demonstrated that periostin (POSTN) plays an important role in kidney fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of POSTN in DN. Method: POSTN and tenascin C (TNC) concentrations in urine samples from patients with DN were measured. Fifty milligrams/kilogram streptozotocin (STZ) was administered for 5 days after unilateral nephrectomy (UNXSTZ) to induce DN in both the wild-type and Postn-null mice. Four experimental groups were generated: wild-type sham (WT sham), wild-type UNXSTZ (WT STZ), Postn-null sham (KO sham), Postn-null UNXSTZ (KO STZ). After 20 weeks, the molecular expression of fibrosis markers and histological changes were evaluated. Blood glucose levels and urine albumin were periodically measured. As a cell model of DN, NRK 49F cells were cultured under TGF-ฮฒ treatment. We stimulated INS-1 cells with streptozotocin and evaluated cell viability in these cells. Results: The concentrations of POSTN and TNC increased according to the severity of DN in human samples. In contrast to the WT STZ model, the KO STZ model showed lower urine albumin excretion and less glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. The KO STZ model had lower expression of fibrosis markers and TNC. The glucose level of the KO STZ model was well regulated in comparison with that of the WT STZ model. In addition, in the KO STZ model, pancreatic islet integrity and insulin expression were significantly more preserved. In in vitro models using NRK 49F cells, the degree of fibrosis was not significantly different between groups treated with TGF-ฮฒ alone and TGF-ฮฒ and recombinant POSTN (rPOSTN) together. The anti-POSTN antibody treatment of INS-1 cells with streptozotocin resulted in a higher cell viability than treatment with streptozotocin alone. Conclusion: The absence of POSTN in DN contributes to renal fibrosis alleviation by improving pancreatic ฮฒ-cell function. Blocking POSTN could be a new treatment target for DN. Additionally, there is an association between POSTN and TNC.Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 3 Results 11 Discussion 16 Figures 20 Reference 32 Abstract in Korean 36์„

    Usefulness of transparent mask for communication in emergency room

    Get PDF
    Background: It is important to communicate accurately in the emergency department. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, a mask is mandatory to protect medical staffs and patients from infectious diseases, and the mask is known to disturb speech intelligibility. The objective of this study is to find out if a transparent mask can affect communication. Methods : We conducted a randomized pre- and post-test trial with 40 participants in a real emergency room environment. The reader puts on a mask and read aloud sentences which are frequently used between medical staffs and patients or among medical staffs. The type of mask was randomly assigned to the reader which was transparent or non-transparent. Frequently used 5 sentences between medical staffs and patients and 5 sentences among medical staffs from prepared 100 sentences were randomly selected and recited. Participants were told to write down the sentences they heard. Each sentence written down was graded 0 or 1. After writing down 10 sentences, reader puts on another type of mask and the same experiment was done. The order of transparent/non-transparent mask was randomly allocated to each participant. Results : In frequently used sentences between medical staffs and patient, average score with a transparent mask was 4.88, and with a non-transparent mask was 4.50(p=0.001). In frequently used sentences among medical staffs, average score with a transparent was 4.77, and with a non-transparent mask was 4.05(p<0.001). Conclusions: This study showed the transparent mask improves speech intelligibility when communicating in an emergency room.ope

    Differences among Three Skeletal Muscle Mass Indices in Predicting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korean Nationwide Population-Based Study

    Get PDF
    Recent studies have investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, there is no unified definition of sarcopenia. Thus, we aimed to investigate the differences among three skeletal muscle mass indices (SMI) in predicting NAFLD. This study included 8133 adults from the 2008โ€“2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. SMI was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height-square (hSMI), weight (wSMI), or body mass index (bSMI). The presence of NAFLD was defined by using the NAFLD-liver fat score. On the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the predictive power of wSMI for NAFLD was significantly higher than those of hSMI and bSMI in men (wSMI vs. hSMI, p = 0.003; wSMI vs. bSMI, p < 0.001). In women, the predictive power of hSMI was only significantly higher than that of bSMI (p = 0.023), and other predictive powers were not significantly different. In addition, hSMI was correlated with insulin resistance and NAFLD-liver fat score in the opposite direction to wSMI and bSMI in both men and women. Among the three definitions of SMI, wSMI showed the highest diagnostic performance for predicting NAFLD in men, suggesting the importance of defining sarcopenia for its association with specific diseases.ope

    Pre-Metabolic Syndrome and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: From the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

    Get PDF
    The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of premetabolic syndrome (pre-MetSyn) and its components and to longitudinally examine their association with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) or hypertension. A total of 4037 men and 4400 women aged 40 to 69 years were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, observed from 2001 to 2014. Pre-MetSyn was defined as the presence of one or two components of MetSyn (B, elevated blood pressure; G, elevated glucose; H, low HDL-cholesterol; T, elevated triglycerides; W, increased waist circumference). The prevalence of pre-MetSyn was higher than that of non-MetSyn and MetSyn in both men and women. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, G, T, G+T, W+G, B+G, B+T, W+T, B+H, and H+T in men and G, T, G+H, B+T, and H+T in women were significantly associated with new-onset T2D. B, W, B+H, B+T, W+H, and W+T in men and B, B+T, B+H, B+W, and W+H in women were significantly associated with new-onset hypertension. The prevalence of pre-MetSyn components and their associations with new-onset T2D or hypertension differed according to sex and disease. Our results suggest that specific phenotypes of pre-MetSyn may be important factors for predicting and preventing the development of T2D and hypertension.ope

    Relationship between Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Low Muscle Mass Index Among Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

    Get PDF
    Sarcopenia has attracted interest due to its impact on various health problems. Chronic inflammation is an important contributor to sarcopenia. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is a novel inflammatory marker, and muscle mass. This study included 15,579 adults from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Low skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI) was defined as body mass index-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass less than 0.789 for men and 0.512 for women. Multiple logistic regression revealed that the highest ALP tertile was significantly associated with LSMI compared with the lowest ALP tertile in both men [Odds ratio (OR): 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.91] and women (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.00-2.10) after adjusting for other confounders. On the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the predictive power was significantly higher for ALP levels than for white blood cell count in women (p < 0.001), whereas the difference was not significant in men (p = 0.515). Our findings suggest the potential use of serum ALP as an inflammatory marker and a predictor of sarcopenia.ope

    ์‹คํ–‰์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2018. 8. ์กฐํ•œํ˜.๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง€์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ด์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ณ ์‹œ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์˜จ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‹คํ–‰์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹คํ–‰์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ e-PBL์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹น์œ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์‹คํ–‰์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์‹ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹คํ–‰์‹์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 3์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ์ง€์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ์ œ์ถœํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰์‹๊ณผ ์ด์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๋“ค์„ ์—ฎ์–ด ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 โ…ก. ์‹คํ–‰์‹ 6 1. ๋ฌธ์ž์™€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ 6 2. ์‹คํ–‰์‹ 11 2.1 ์Œ“๊ธฐ๋‚˜๋ฌด 11 2.2 ์Œ“๊ธฐ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์‹คํ–‰์‹ 13 2.3 ์‹คํ–‰์‹๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ™œ์šฉ 15 โ…ข. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ™” 19 1. ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ 19 2. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ 22 2.1 ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์š”์ธ 22 2.2 ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ๊ต์œก 25 3. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ™” 30 4. ๋…ผ์˜ 31 โ…ฃ. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„ 34 1. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ 34 1.1 ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ 34 1.2 ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ™” 39 1.3 ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ 41 2. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„ 43 2.1 ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์ง• 44 2.2 PBL๊ณผ e-PBL 46 โ…ค. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์ ์šฉ 53 1. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„ 53 1.1 ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜• 53 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 56 2. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ ์šฉ 61 2.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 61 3. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ 63 3.1 ๋ถ„์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 63 3.2 1 ~ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 64 3.3 3 ~ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 68 3.4 3 ~ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ 83 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  103 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 106 ๋ถ€๋ก 114 Abstract 140Maste

    ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ๊น€๋™์šฑ.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ž„์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ(์ž์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„)๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒํŠน์„ฑ(์ ์œ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ฃผํƒ์œ ํ˜•, ์ฃผํƒ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„) ์ด 5 ๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ž„์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ž„์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณ€ ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋น„์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” Alonso์˜ ํšจ์šฉ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ์ด ๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์„œ์šธ โ†’ ์„œ์šธ, ๊ฒฝ์ธ โ†’ ์„œ์šธ, ์„œ์šธ โ†’ ๊ฒฝ์ธ, ๊ฒฝ์ธ โ†’ ๊ฒฝ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ์ง€๋ถˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜ ์—ฌ RIR(Rent to Income Ratio : ์†Œ๋“๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋น„์œจ๋ฐฉ์‹)๊ณผ ์Šˆ๋ฐ”๋ฒ ์ง€ ์ˆ˜(์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋น„์œจ๋ฐฉ์‹)์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ตญํ†  ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ใ€Œ2020๋…„๋„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌใ€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์„œ์šธ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์œ  ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํ–ฅ์ด๋™ ์‹œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์™€ LH๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์œ  ํ˜•์— ์ž…์ฃผ์ž ์ž์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ค€๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‚ฐ ์—ฐ๋™ํ˜• ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ „์„ธ์ž๊ธˆ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์ฐจ์ž…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์„œ์šธ๋กœ ์ด๋™์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํ–ฅ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ „์„ธ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „์„ธ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์„  ์‹œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ „์…‹๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋“ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์™€ ๋น„์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋“ค ์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์„œ์šธ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ญ์— ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์‹ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์•ˆ์ •์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„œ์šธ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‚ด ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์„œ์šธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผํƒ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํƒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์œ ๋… ๋†’์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”์— ์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งใƒป์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹คThe purpose of this study was to understand the influence of housing movement factors on housing instability of rental households in the metropolitan area and to investigate the moderating effect of housing movement direction in this relationship. The factors influencing housing instability were extracted as a total of five factors: financial characteristics(assets,liabilities) and housing characteristics (occupancy type, housing type, and housing satisfaction) of households that experienced housing movement. The type of occupancy was classified into whether rental households that experienced residential movement in the metropolitan area continued to be rental households or whether their own households changed to rental households. The type of housing was classified whether the current housing was an apartment - 76 - or a non-apartment. According to Alonso's utility maximization theory, the moderating variable was divided into moving from Seoul to Seoul, moving from Gyeonggi-do or Incheon to Seoul, moving from Seoul to Gyeonggi-do or Incheon, and moving from Gyeonggi-do or Incheon to Gyeonggi-do or Incheon. The dependent variable was housing instability and the RIR (Rent to Income Ratio) and Schwabe's Index(Housing Cost Ratio) were measured together by focusing on housing cost payment ability. Data from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's 2020 Housing Survey were used as analysis data. Other control variables included the number of household members, the age of the head of the household, and the educational background of the head of the household. A summary of the results of this study is as follows. First, in the case of movement from Gyeonggi-do and Incheon to Seoul, households with low assets tend to consume relatively less housing, while households with high assets tend to consume relatively more housing. However, if there are more assets than the rent to be borne, housing instability is likely to decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a way to improve housing instability while raising the housing of those who cannot afford it economically. Accordingly, it is necessary to review whether all types of public rental housing in the metropolitan area supplied by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and LH Corporation also have resident asset standards, and to introduce an asset-linked rent system. Second, it can be seen that housing instability intensifies as deposits are prepared using debts such as lease loans. In particular, the movement from Gyeonggi-do and Incheon to Seoul clearly showed polarization of housing instability. In addition, it has policy implications in that the proportion of single-person youth households๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 8 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  14 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 14 1. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 14 2. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 3. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 4. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 27 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 30 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์„ค์ • 32 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 32 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 34 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ 35 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 35 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 37 3. ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 40 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 42 1. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 42 2. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 44 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 47 1. ์‘๋‹ต๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ํŠน์„ฑ 47 2. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ RIR๊ณผ ์Šˆ๋ฐ”๋ฒ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ 53 3. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 54 4. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 55 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  67 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 67 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 68 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 71 Abstract 75์„

    FoxO3a represses lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer

    Get PDF
    ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™/์„์‚ฌLymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor and is associated with about 60% of gastric cancer. For cancer cells to metastasize to lymph nodes, lymphangiogenesis is required. FoxO3a, a tumor suppressive transcription factor, is known to be a negative regulator of angiogenesis. Despite that lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in cancer are interrelated processes, the role of Foxo3a in lymphangiogenesis remains unknown. Thus, the goal of the study is to investigate the clinical significance and the role of FoxO3a in lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer. Foxo3a expression was analyzed across a large number of gastric cancer patient tissue samples with reverse phase protein microarray (RPPA). To study the biological function, FoxO3a was knocked down with RNA interference or overexpressed with an expression vector in gastric cancer cells. Tube formation and migration assays were carried out in human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) with conditioned media of FoxO3a-silenced or overexpressed gastric cancer cells, respectively. To assess the DNA binding activity of FoxO3a, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed. RPPA analysis revealed that FoxO3a expression was inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis and high expression of phosphorylated FoxO3a was a poor prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. Silencing of FoxO3a in gastric cancer cells profoundly induced VEGF-C expression and secretion, increased tube formation, and migration of HLECs treated with the conditioned media while overexpression of FoxO3a in gastric cancer cells showed the opposite effects. EMSA with supershift assay demonstrated that FoxO3a binds to the FHRE in the promoter region of VEGF-C. Treatment of LY294002, a PI3K pathway inhibitor, reversed the phosphorylation of FoxO3a and increased the nuclear localization of FoxO3a in gastric cancer cells. Collectively, our data clearly illustrate that FoxO3a binds to VEGF-C promoter and transcriptionally represses the expression of VEGF-C thereby inhibiting tumor lymphangiogenesis.ope

    ์ผ๊ฐœ ์ „๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์กฐ์›๊ด‘.๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘์›์€ ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ ์ง€์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์กฐ์ง์ด์ž ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ด์šฉ ๊ณ„์ธต์ธ ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ , ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘์› ์ด์šฉ์€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 10% ์ด์ƒ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์„ ํƒ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฐ ์ƒํ™œ ์ค‘ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์› ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘ 16๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1:1 ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Strauss์™€ Corbin(1990; 1998)์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด 65๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ 14๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ, 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ถ• ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๊ณผ ์„ ํƒ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ œ๋„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๊ตฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธ์‹ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์› ์„ ํƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณผ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค๋ง๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์šฉ-์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ „๋žต์€ ๊ตฐ/๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์› ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ตฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ตฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ๊ตฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ, ๊ตฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The military hospital plays a pivotal role in guaranteeing the medical rights of enlisted soldiers in South Korea. In addition, it serves as a strategic resource for national security as well as a key institution for preserving the combat power of the military. Nonetheless, in recent years, the preference for military hospitals by enlisted soldiers has declined; the number of patients at military hospitals has decreased. Instead, the number of enlisted soldiers who visit private hospitals has increased by at least 10% every year. This study seeks to explore the process by which enlisted soldiers select a medical institution for professional medical treatment. Specifically, this study delves into the ways in which various personal and social factors, and their interactions, influence the selection process. For the study, I collected qualitative data by conducting in-depth interviews with 16 enlisted soldiers who had had surgical treatment for their musculoskeletal-related diseases during their service. I analyzed the data following the process that the grounded theory: I extracted 65 concepts, 14 subcategories, and 6 upper categories through open coding; also, I identified six paradigm elements and core categories through repetitive axis coding and selective coding. The major findings of this study include: First, the soldiers negative interactions with medical institutions and staff in the early diagnosis stage serve as the confirmation of their negative perceptions about military medical care that they have held. Second, after going through the negative interactions in the early diagnosis stage, the soldiers actively engage in comparing the pros and cons of military and private medical institutions, which leads to their selection of medical institutions. In this process, the military medical delivery system and the mobilizability of family support influence their selections. Based on the findings, this study offers three suggestions for the military medical policy in South Korea including establishing a reasonable and efficient military medical delivery system, improving the professional communication skills of military medical personnel, and promoting positive images of military medical care.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  3 โ…ก. ๋ณธ๋ก  4 1. ๊ตฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„ 4 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ 5 ๋‚˜. ๊ตฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 8 2. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ 11 ๊ฐ€. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 11 ๋‚˜. ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 16 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 21 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 22 ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์„ ์ • 22 ๋‚˜. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 25 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 28 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 31 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œค๋ฆฌ 31 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 32 1. ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ ๊ณผ์ • 32 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ 32 ๋‚˜. ์ถ• ์ฝ”๋”ฉ 36 ๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ 56 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ 62 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 62 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์•ˆ 66 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 69 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 71 Abstract 77์„

    Fat-to-Muscle Ratios and the Non-Achievement of LDL Cholesterol Targets: Analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

    Get PDF
    Maintaining optimal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels is necessary to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Excessive fat mass and decreased muscle mass are both associated with increased risks of developing dyslipidemia. Thus, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and the non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets. We analyzed a total of 4386 participants aged 40โ€“69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. FMR was defined as the ratio of total fat mass to total muscle mass, measured by bioelectrical impedance. The non-achievement of an LDL cholesterol target was defined as an LDL cholesterol level higher than the established target level according to individual CVD risk. The adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for the incidence of non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets for the sex-specific middle and highest tertiles vs. the referent lowest tertile of FMR were 1.56 (1.29โ€“1.90) and 1.86 (1.47โ€“2.31) in men and 1.40 (1.18โ€“1.66) and 1.31 (1.06โ€“1.62) in women after adjusting confounders. Our findings suggest that FMR, a novel indicator of the combined effects of fat and muscle mass, is useful for predicting non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets.ope
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore