2 research outputs found
μμΈμ μ²λ μλΉμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ¬νκ³Όνλν μ¬ννκ³Ό,2019. 8. κΉνμ€.This study analyzes the process of social politics over the social question of the unemployment, focusing on the institutional change of Seoul Youth Allowance(SYA). Since financial crisis, unemployment in South Korea was raised as a chronic social question in the form of youth unemployment, the problem of youth whose unemployment ratio marked especially high compared to other generation group. SYA was suggested in the context of contestation between various institutions and discourses that addressed the problem of unemployed youth who was expected to, but could not, contribute to the production. The policy that transfers monthly cash of 500,000 won for six month to the unemployed youth for autonomous activity, was institutionalized through the intense political conflict that was ignited by the fact that it differs from the conventional policy approach that proposed to create jobs through which one could catch a fish oneself.
Amid this conflict, this study focuses on the discursive contestation between different political stances that regarded this money called YA in various ways, such as gift, investment, right, and share. As connotated in its title, Youth Allowance(YA), the political contestation over YA constitutes a strategic place where the norm that defines what kind of giving could be allowed to the youth. In this regard, this study raises and answers following question. How could a cash named YA be granted to the youth, who was hitherto understood to be Working Age Population? This question could be further divided into the following questions. First, how did youth come to be discussed as the object of the social policy that grants cash to Working Age Population?(Chap 2) Second, how did the policy recognize the youth and thereby constructs the meaning of money given to the youth?(Chap 3) Finally, in the process in which the idea was materialized as institution, how was the norm of giving to youth changed? (Chap 4)
Chapter 2 examines how the generational category of youth became an object of social policy that grants cash as the prehistory of the YA. Youth, between the child as the object of nurture and adult as the subject of labor, first appeared as the policy category in the government policy to address unemployment. Youth unemployment, first taken as matter of individual moral responsibility, later was constructed as the problem to be addressed in the collective level, through the social interest on the youth generation. Afterwards, social politics accompanied the cultural politics over the discursive construction of youth generation. Government focused on the policy that supports job-seeking and job-creating, under the premise that youth unemployment is temporary crisis that could be soon surmounted in near future, thereby restoring the conventional norm of youthfulness that includes challenge, passion, and opportunity. On the other hand, several youth themselves started to organize social movement that demands right to social reproduction, claiming that the promise of future employment supported by conventional policy could not be expected anymore. As movement of the youth concerned came to participate in the Seoul City policy governance, political opportunity structure that produced YA was institutionalized.
YA reconstructs the meaning of youth and the giving allowed to youth. The result of analyzing the policy, whose official title was Youth Activity Support Program, is as following. The unit of analysis is youth(construction of the problem), activity(point of policy intervention), and support(policy content), each constituting the policy. First, the conventional policy approach that addressed youth only as transitional job seeker is criticized. The critique leads to the invention of novel policy category, The Youth outside Society, instead of NEET(Not in Employment, Education, or Training), that includes youth who was marginalized due to the structural problem of labor market. The temporality of youth was transformed from the temporally transient period that prepares future employment into the semi-permanent present that generates problem during, or even after, the period of job-seeking. Second, as the temporality of youth changes, the purpose of the youth policy is readjusted as the preservation of multiple human capacity called Active Energy(Hwal-Lyuk), instead of accumulation of human capital for increasing employability. Activity, a novel policy category distinguished from the forced job-seeking or precarious labor, is the autonomous project that is supported to fulfill this goal. Third, YA was suggested as the support fund for the activity. Policy officials employed the logic of unconditional gift and conditional investment in order to construct the meaning of this money as right. This money was regarded not only as unconditional gift that guarantees maximum autonomy of the individual but also as conditional investment that demands the future change of the recipient as return. However, the meaning of this investment, that is given to the youth in term of autonomous activity, was ambiguous. The meaning of YA as gift could be changed according to how the semantic of this investment was materialized.
YA was transformed through intense political dispute right after it became known outside the Seoul City Government. Novel category of activity, which underpinned the core of the program, was not communicated, and therefore the administration and ruling party understood this policy as unconditional cash transfer policy. Consequently, YA was criticized as immoral charity to the youth as Working Age Population. In response to that, Seoul City Government started to consult the policy with the administration and changed the meaning of activity as the job-seeking activity in broad sense. Accordingly, the meaning of YA was changed into the efficient investment on the youth as human resource, who is future worker but in the present crisis.
Despite the Seoul City Governments trial to coordinate the meaning of activity with the administration based on the norm of the youth and the giving, the consultation eventually fell apart. As a result, instead of the meaning of the activity that served as ground of cash transfer, the fact that this program grants cash to the youth itself emerged as the key issue. Nevertheless, the meaning of the fish here was not the right to unconditional distribution that was hitherto tabooed by the conventional norm. In this context, the youth was represented as the industrious job-seeker equipped with ability to pioneer ones future by himself and investee who solicits the investment on oneself by proving this effort. Thereby, the meaning of YA was fixed as the support fund for job-seeking in the institutional level, and the right implicated in the money became the right to be invested for the future.
In conclusion, the political conflict over the YA yielded a certain norm that enabled the direct distribution of the cash to the youth who was understood as no more than the subject of production. This study comprehended the content of this norm as the right to be invested. The norm implicates both possibility and limitation of the logic based on which the Working Age Population could be granted cash. This norm could displace the crisis of structural unemployment that was symptomized by youth, in the sense that it demands the obligation of diligent effort for the future. On the other hand, this norm also could serve as the political ground for extension of the cash transfer for the Working Age Population today, the era in which the time of youth that requires investment is gradually prolonged.λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μμΈμ μ²λ
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Έλκ°λ₯μΈκ΅¬μΈ μ²λ
μκ² νκΈμ΄ μ§κΈλκΈ°κΉμ§μ μ¬νμ μΉ κ³Όμ μ λΆμνλ€. κΈμ΅μκΈ° μ΄ν νκ΅μ μ€μ
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λ₯ μ κΈ°λ‘νλ μ²λ
μ΄λΌλ μΈλ μ§λ¨μ λ¬Έμ , μ¦ μ²λ
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μ΄λΌλ λ§μ±μ μΈ μ¬νλ¬Έμ λ‘ μ κΈ°λμ΄μλ€. λ―Έμ·¨μ
μ²λ
λ€μκ² 6κ°μ λμ μμ¨μ μΈ νλμ μν΄ λ§€λ¬ 50λ§μμ νκΈμ μ§κΈνλ μμΈμ μ²λ
μλΉμ μ΄ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ λ€κΈ°ν μ λμ λ΄λ‘ μ΄ κ²½ν©ν΄μ€λ λ§₯λ½μμ μ μλ μ μ±
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λ€κ³Ό λ€λ₯΄λ€λ μ΄μ λ‘ κ²©λ ¬ν μ μΉμ κ°λ±μ κ±°μ³ μ λνλμλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μ΄λ¬ν κ°λ± μμμ μ²λ
μλΉμ΄λΌλ λμ μ λ§λ€ κ°κ° μ λ¬Ό, ν¬μ, κΆλ¦¬, λͺ« λ±μΌλ‘ λ°λΌλ³΄μλ μκ°λ€μ κ²½ν©μ μ£Όλͺ©νλ€. μ²λ
μλΉ(Youth Allowance)μ΄λΌλ μ λμ λͺ
μΉμμ λλ¬λλ―μ΄, μ΄ κ²½ν©μ μ²λ
μ λν΄ λλμ μΌλ‘ νλ½(allow)λ μ μλ μ¦μ¬μ λ΄μ©μ΄ 무μμΈμ§λ₯Ό κ·μ νλ κ·λ²μ΄ μ¬κ΅¬μ±λλ μ μΉμ κ³Όμ μ΄μλ€. λ°λΌμ μ²λ
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Έλν μ μλ λ
Έλκ°λ₯μΈκ΅¬μκ² νκΈμ΄ μ§κΈλ μ μμλ κ³Όμ μ κ΄μ°°νλ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ μ₯μμ΄λ€. μ΄λ¬ν λ¬Έμ μμμ μ
κ°νμ¬ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ μ§λ¬Έμ λμ§κ³ λ΅νκ³ μ νλ€. μ΄λ»κ² λ
Έλκ°λ₯μΈκ΅¬λ‘ μ¬κ²¨μ‘λ μ²λ
μκ² μ²λ
μλΉμ΄λΌλ μ΄λ¦μ νκΈμ΄ μ¦μ¬λ μ μμλκ°? μ΄ λ¬Όμμ λ€μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ λ¬Όμλ€λ‘ λλμ΄μ§ μ μλ€. 첫째, μ μ²λ
μ΄ λ
Έλκ°λ₯μΈκ΅¬μκ² νκΈμ μ§κΈνλ μ¬νμ μ±
μ λμμΌλ‘ λ
Όμλκ² λμλκ°?(β
‘μ₯) λμ§Έ, μ΄ μ μ±
μ΄ κ΅¬μλλ κ³Όμ μμ μ²λ
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’μ₯) μ
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μ λν μ¦μ¬μ κ·λ²μ μ΄λ»κ² λ³νλμλκ°?(β
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λ¨Όμ μ²λ
μλΉμ μ μ¬(εε²)λ‘μ, μ²λ
μ΄λΌλ μΈλ λ²μ£Όκ° νκΈμ μ§κΈνλ μ¬νμ μ±
μ λμμ΄ λ λ°°κ²½μ λΆμνμλ€. μμ‘μ λμμΈ μ λ
κ³Ό λ
Έλμ μ£Όμ²΄μΈ μ±λ
μ¬μ΄μ μμΉν μ²λ
μ μ λΆ μ€μ
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μμ μ΅μ΄λ‘ μ μ±
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μμΌλ‘ μ¬κ²¨μ§λ μ²λ
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μ μ²λ
μΈλμ λν κ΄μ¬μ ν΅ν΄ μ§ν©μ μΈ μμ€μμ ν΄κ²°λμ΄μΌ ν λ¬Έμ λ‘ κ΅¬μ±λμλ€. μ΄ν μ²λ
μ€μ
μ μ¬νμ μΉλ μ²λ
μΈλμ λ΄λ‘ μ ꡬμ±μ λλ¬μΌ λ¬Ένμ μΉλ₯Ό μλ°νκ² λμλ€. μ λΆλ μ²λ
μ€μ
μ΄ λ―Έλμ 극볡λ μ μλ μΌμμ μΈ μκΈ°λΌλ μ μ νμ, λμ , μ΄μ , κΈ°νμ κ°μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ²λ
μ΄ μ²΄ννκ³ μλ κ·λ²μΈ μ²λ
μ±(ιεΉ΄ζ§)μ 볡μνκΈ° μν΄ μ·¨Β·μ°½μ
μ§μμ μ±
κ³Ό κ°μ κ³ μ© μ μ±
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λΉμ¬μμ΄λμ΄ μ κ°λμλ€. μ²λ
λΉμ¬μμ΄λμ΄ μλ―Όμ΄λκ° μΆμ μμΈμμ₯μ μμΈμμ κ³Ό μ‘°μ°νκ² λλ©΄μ, μ²λ
μ λν μ μ±
κ³Ό μ΄λμ νλ¦μ μ²λ
μ μ±
κ±°λ²λμ€λ‘ μ λνλμλ€.
μμΈμμ μ²λ
μ μ±
κ±°λ²λμ€ λ΄λΆμμ λ
Όμλ μ²λ
μλΉμ΄ ꡬμλλ κ³Όμ μ μ²λ
κ³Ό μ΄λ€μκ² μ£Όμ΄μ§ μ μλ μ¦μ¬μ μλ―Έλ₯Ό μ¬κ΅¬μ±νλ κ³Όμ μ΄μλ€. μ΄ κ³Όμ μ μ²λ
μλΉμ λ³Έλ 곡μ λͺ
μΉμΈ μ²λ
νλμ§μμ¬μ
μ μ²λ
(λ¬Έμ μ ꡬμ±), νλ(κ°μ
μ μ§μ ), μ§μ(μ λμ λ΄μ©)μ΄λΌλ μλ―Έμ λ¨μλ‘ λΆμν κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€. 첫째, μ²λ
μ κ³ΌλκΈ°μ μΈ κ΅¬μ§μ 주체λ‘λ§ κ°μ£Όνλ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ μ±
λ€μ΄ ν¨κ³Όμ μ΄μ§ λͺ»νλ€λ λΉνμ κ³ μ©κ³Ό ꡬμ§μ κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ ν NEET λμ , λ
Έλμμ₯μ ꡬ쑰μ λ¬Έμ λλ¬Έμ μ£Όλ³νλ μ΄λ€μ ν¬κ΄νλ μ¬ν λ° μ²λ
μ΄λΌλ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ±
λ²μ£Όμ λ°λͺ
μΌλ‘ κ·κ²°λμλ€. μ¬κΈ°μ μ²λ
μ μκ°μ±μ λ―Έλμ κ³ μ©μ μλΉνλ μΌμμ μΈ κ΅¬μ§νλμ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ κ³ΌλκΈ°κ° μλλΌ, κ΅¬μ§ κΈ°κ° λμ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ΅¬μ§μ μ±κ³΅ν μ΄νμλ λ¬Έμ κ° λ°μνλ λ°μꡬμ μΈ νμ¬λ‘ λ³νλμλ€. λμ§Έ, μκ°μ±μ΄ λ³νν μ²λ
μ λμμΌλ‘ ν μ μ±
μ λͺ©νλ λ―Έλμ κ³ μ©κ°λ₯μ±μ μ κ³ νκΈ° μν μΈμ μλ³Έ(human capital)μ μΆμ μμ νμ¬μ λ€μ°¨μμ μΈ μλ(capability)μΈ νλ ₯(ζ΄»ε)μ 보쑴νλ κ²μΌλ‘ λ³ννμλ€. κΈ°μ‘΄μ κ³ μ©μ μ±
μ΄ μ§μνλ κ°μ λ ꡬμ§νλμ΄λ λΆμμ λ
Έλκ³Ό ꡬλΆλλ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ±
λ²μ£ΌμΈ νλ(ζ΄»ε)μ μ΄ λͺ©νλ₯Ό λ¬μ±νκΈ° μν΄ μ μ±
μ΄ κ°μΈμκ² μ§μνκ³ μ νλ μΆμ ννμ΄λ€. μ
μ§Έ, μ²λ
μλΉμ΄λΌλ λμ νλμ λν μ§μκΈμΌλ‘ μ μλμλ€. μ μ±
κ΄κ³μλ€μ μ΄ λμ μλ―Έλ₯Ό κΆλ¦¬λ‘ ꡬμ±νκΈ° μν΄ μλ‘ κΈΈννλ μ λ¬Όκ³Ό ν¬μμ λ
Όλ¦¬λ₯Ό λμ
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μ΄λΌλ μκ°)κ³Ό 쑰건(κ°μΈμ μν΄ μμ¨μ μΌλ‘ κΈ°νλλ νλ)μ΄ λͺ¨νΈν ν¬μμλ€. μ²λ
μλΉμ΄λΌλ μ¦μ¬μ μλ―Έλ μΈμ κΉμ§ μ§μλ μ§ λͺ¨λ₯΄λ μ²λ
μκ², μμ¨μ μΌλ‘ κΈ°νλ νλμ 쑰건μΌλ‘ μ§μνλ μ΄ ν¬μμ μλ―Έλ‘ μ΄ μ΄ν μ΄λ»κ² ꡬ체νλλλμ λ°λΌ λ³νν μ μμλ€.
μ²λ
μλΉμ μμΈμ μΈλΆμμ κ³΅λ‘ νλμλ§μ κ²©λ ¬ν μ μΉμ κ°λ±μ κ²ͺμΌλ©΄μ λ³νλμλ€. μ¬μ
μ μν μ¬λΆλ₯Ό κ²°μ ν κΆνμ κ°μ§κ³ μμλ μ λΆλ μ²λ
μλΉμ μ§κΈνλ κ·Όκ±°μΈ νλμ΄λΌλ μ μ±
λ²μ£Όλ₯Ό μ΄ν΄νμ§ λͺ»νκ³ , μ΄ μ μ±
μ 무쑰건μ μΈ νκΈ μ§κΈ μ μ±
μΌλ‘ κ°μ£Όνμλ€. κ³΅λ‘ μ₯μμ λ
Έλμ λ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ무λ₯Ό λ΄μ§ν 주체λ‘λ§ μΈμ λ°μλ μ²λ
μκ² μ£Όμ΄μ§λ μ΄ νκΈμ λΆλλν μμ μ΄λΌκ³ λΉλλ°μλ€. μ΄ λμΈμμ λ²μ΄λκΈ° μν΄ μμΈμλ νλμ μλ―Έλ₯Ό κ΄μμ ꡬμ§νλμΌλ‘ μ μνμκ³ , μ²λ
μλΉμ λ―Έλμ μΈμ μμμ λν ν¬μλ‘ μ λΉννλ©° μ λΆμ μ¬μ
μνμ νμνμλ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ²λ
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μλΉμ μλ‘μ΄ κ΅λ©΄μ λ§μ΄νκ² λμλ€. μ²λ
μλΉμ΄λΌλ μ¦μ¬μ μ λΉμ±μ μ’μ°νλ νλμ΄λΌλ μ μ±
λ²μ£Όκ° λ
Όμμ λμμμ μ μΈλλ©΄μ, μ΄ μ μ±
μ΄ μ²λ
μκ² μμ¨μ μΌλ‘ μ¬μ©ν μ μλ νκΈμ΄λΌλ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° μ체λ₯Ό μ§κΈν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ κ·Έλ€μ κΆλ¦¬λ₯Ό 보μ₯νλ€λ μΈ‘λ©΄μ΄ λΆκ°λ κ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ΄ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μ μλ―Έλ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ° μμ§νλ λΆλ°°λ₯Ό ν°λΆμνλ μ
μ₯μ κ±°μ€λ₯΄λ, 무쑰건μ μΈ λΆλ°°μ λν κΆλ¦¬κ° μλμλ€. μ΄ κΆλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ΄μ§νλ μ²λ
μ λ―Έλλ₯Ό μ€μ€λ‘ κ°μ²ν μ μλ ꡬμ§μ μμ§μ μ λ§μ κ°μΆ νΌν¬μμ(investee)λ‘ νμλμκ³ μ΄λ€μκ² μ¦μ¬λλ μ²λ
μλΉμ΄λΌλ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μ μλ―Έλ μΌμμ μΈ ν¬μλ‘ κ΅¬μ±λμλ€. μ΄λ‘μ¨ μ²λ
μλΉμ μ λμ μ°¨μμμλ ꡬμ§νλμ§μκΈμΌλ‘, μ΄ λμ΄ λ΄ν¬νλ κΆλ¦¬μ λ΄μ©μ λ―Έλλ₯Ό μν΄ ν¬μλ°μ κΆλ¦¬λ‘ κ³ μ λμλ€. μ΄ν μ²λ
μκ² νκΈμ μ§κΈνλ μ μ±
μ μ΄ κ·λ²μ μκ±°νμ¬ νμ°λκ³ μ΄ν΄λμλ€.
κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘ μ²λ
μλΉμ λλ¬μΌ κ°λ±μ μμ°μ 주체λ‘λ§ μ¬κ²¨μ‘λ μ²λ
μκ² μ΄μ κΉμ§ κΈκΈ°μλμλ νκΈμ μ§μ λΆλ°°νλ μ λλ₯Ό μ λΉννλ ν¬μλ°μ κΆλ¦¬λΌλ κ·λ²μ νμ±νμλ€. μ΄ κ·λ²μ λ
Έλκ°λ₯μΈκ΅¬μκ² νκΈμ΄ μ§κΈλ μ μμλ λ°°κ²½μ 곡쑴νλ κ°λ₯μ±κ³Ό νκ³λ₯Ό λμμ ν¨μΆνκ³ μλ€. μ²λ
μΌλ‘μ ν¬μλ°μ κΆλ¦¬λ ννΈμΌλ‘ κ³ μ©κ³Ό λ±μΉλ λ―Έλλ₯Ό μν κ·Όλ©΄ν λ
Έλ ₯μ μ무λ₯Ό μꡬνλ€λ μ μμ μ²λ
μ ν΅ν΄ μ§νμ μΌλ‘ λλ¬λ¬λ ꡬ쑰μ μ€μ
μ΄λΌλ μκΈ°λ₯Ό μ μΉμν¬ μλ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ λ€λ₯Έ ννΈμΌλ‘, μ€μ
μ΄ λ§μ±νλλ©΄μ ν¬μκ° νμν μ²λ
μ μκ°μ΄ μ μ°¨ μ°μ₯λκ³ μλ μ€λλ , ν¬μλΌλ κ·λ²μ λ¨μν κΆλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ μ½νλλ° κ·ΈμΉμ§ μκ³ λ
Έλκ°λ₯μΈκ΅¬μ λν νκΈ μ§κΈμ΄ νλλ μ μλ μ μΉμ κ°λ₯μ± μμ λ΄ν¬νκ³ μλ€.I. μλ‘ 1
1. λ¬Έμ μ κΈ° 1
2. μ νμ°κ΅¬ κ²ν 3
1) μ²λ
μλΉμ λν μ°κ΅¬ 3
2) μ²λ
μ λν μ°κ΅¬ 6
3. μ΄λ‘ μ λ°°κ²½ 8
1) μ¬νμ μΉ: μ¬νμ μΈ κ²μ μμ¬ννκΈ° 8
2) μ¦μ¬: μΈμ μ μ μΉν 11
4. μ°κ΅¬μ λμμΈ 13
1) μ°κ΅¬λμ 14
2) μ°κ΅¬ λ°©λ² 15
3) μ°κ΅¬ μλ£ 16
II. μ²λ
μ€μ
μ μ¬νμ μΉ: μ²λ
μλΉμ μ μ¬ 18
1. μ²λ
/μ€μ
μ λ΄λ‘ μ νμ€ 18
1) μ²λ
λ°±μμ λ±μ₯κ³Ό μ²λ
μ±μ μκΈ° 18
2) μ²λ
μ€μ
μ μΈλν: μ²λ
μ€μ
μμ μ²λ
μ€μ
μΌλ‘ 21
2. μ²λ
μ±μ μ μΉν 25
1) μ²λ
μ€μ
μ ν΅μΉ: μ²λ
μ±μ 볡μ 26
2) μ²λ
λΉμ¬μμ΄λ: μ²λ
μ±μ μ¬κ΅¬μ± 30
3) μμΈμμ μ²λ
μ μ±
κ±°λ²λμ€: μ λνλ μ²λ
μ±μ μ μΉ 33
III. μ²λ
μλΉμ ꡬμ 37
1. μ²λ
: λ°μꡬμ μΈ κ³ΌμμΈκ΅¬ 38
1) μ μ±
λ²μ£Όλ‘μ μ²λ
μ μ¬κ΅¬μ±: NEETμμ μ¬ν λ° μ²λ
μΌλ‘ 38
2) 보μ₯μ΄ νμν λ°μ§μ μ μκ°μΌλ‘μ μ²λ
κΈ° 41
2. λ
Έλμμ νλμΌλ‘: μ¬νμ§μ
μ μ¬μ μ 43
1) νλ ₯μ λ¬Έμ ν: μΈμ μλ³Έμ μΆμ μμ μΈκ°μλμ 보쑴μΌλ‘ 43
2) νλ: μ μ±
λ²μ£Όμ λ°λͺ
45
3. μ§μμ΄λΌλ μ¦μ¬: μ λ¬Ό-ν¬μ 49
1) λΆμ±λ₯Ό λ°μμν€μ§ μλ μ λ¬Ό 50
2) μ±κ³Όλ₯Ό μꡬνμ§ μλ ν¬μ 52
IV. μ²λ
μλΉμ μ λ λ³ν 58
1. μ μκ³Ό λ°λ° 60
1) λ
Έλμ μ±
κ³Ό 볡μ§μ μ±
μ¬μ΄ 60
2) λ―Έλμ λ
Έλμλ‘μμ μ²λ
63
3) λΆλλν μμ 64
2. νμμ μλ ΄ 67
1) ꡬμ§μ§μμ λμμ μλ ΄ 67
2) μκΈ°μ μ²ν μΈμ μμμΌλ‘μμ μ²λ
70
3) ν¨μ¨μ μΈ ν¬μ 73
3. μ§λκ³Ό κ³ μ 76
1) νκΈμ§κΈμ μμ ν 77
2) νΌν¬μμλ‘μμ μ²λ
79
3) ν¬μλ°μ κΆλ¦¬ 84
V. κ²°λ‘ : μ²λ
μ μκ° 89
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 97
Abstract 106Maste