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    μ„œμšΈμ‹œ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ μ‚¬νšŒν•™κ³Ό,2019. 8. 김홍쀑.This study analyzes the process of social politics over the social question of the unemployment, focusing on the institutional change of Seoul Youth Allowance(SYA). Since financial crisis, unemployment in South Korea was raised as a chronic social question in the form of youth unemployment, the problem of youth whose unemployment ratio marked especially high compared to other generation group. SYA was suggested in the context of contestation between various institutions and discourses that addressed the problem of unemployed youth who was expected to, but could not, contribute to the production. The policy that transfers monthly cash of 500,000 won for six month to the unemployed youth for autonomous activity, was institutionalized through the intense political conflict that was ignited by the fact that it differs from the conventional policy approach that proposed to create jobs through which one could catch a fish oneself. Amid this conflict, this study focuses on the discursive contestation between different political stances that regarded this money called YA in various ways, such as gift, investment, right, and share. As connotated in its title, Youth Allowance(YA), the political contestation over YA constitutes a strategic place where the norm that defines what kind of giving could be allowed to the youth. In this regard, this study raises and answers following question. How could a cash named YA be granted to the youth, who was hitherto understood to be Working Age Population? This question could be further divided into the following questions. First, how did youth come to be discussed as the object of the social policy that grants cash to Working Age Population?(Chap 2) Second, how did the policy recognize the youth and thereby constructs the meaning of money given to the youth?(Chap 3) Finally, in the process in which the idea was materialized as institution, how was the norm of giving to youth changed? (Chap 4) Chapter 2 examines how the generational category of youth became an object of social policy that grants cash as the prehistory of the YA. Youth, between the child as the object of nurture and adult as the subject of labor, first appeared as the policy category in the government policy to address unemployment. Youth unemployment, first taken as matter of individual moral responsibility, later was constructed as the problem to be addressed in the collective level, through the social interest on the youth generation. Afterwards, social politics accompanied the cultural politics over the discursive construction of youth generation. Government focused on the policy that supports job-seeking and job-creating, under the premise that youth unemployment is temporary crisis that could be soon surmounted in near future, thereby restoring the conventional norm of youthfulness that includes challenge, passion, and opportunity. On the other hand, several youth themselves started to organize social movement that demands right to social reproduction, claiming that the promise of future employment supported by conventional policy could not be expected anymore. As movement of the youth concerned came to participate in the Seoul City policy governance, political opportunity structure that produced YA was institutionalized. YA reconstructs the meaning of youth and the giving allowed to youth. The result of analyzing the policy, whose official title was Youth Activity Support Program, is as following. The unit of analysis is youth(construction of the problem), activity(point of policy intervention), and support(policy content), each constituting the policy. First, the conventional policy approach that addressed youth only as transitional job seeker is criticized. The critique leads to the invention of novel policy category, The Youth outside Society, instead of NEET(Not in Employment, Education, or Training), that includes youth who was marginalized due to the structural problem of labor market. The temporality of youth was transformed from the temporally transient period that prepares future employment into the semi-permanent present that generates problem during, or even after, the period of job-seeking. Second, as the temporality of youth changes, the purpose of the youth policy is readjusted as the preservation of multiple human capacity called Active Energy(Hwal-Lyuk), instead of accumulation of human capital for increasing employability. Activity, a novel policy category distinguished from the forced job-seeking or precarious labor, is the autonomous project that is supported to fulfill this goal. Third, YA was suggested as the support fund for the activity. Policy officials employed the logic of unconditional gift and conditional investment in order to construct the meaning of this money as right. This money was regarded not only as unconditional gift that guarantees maximum autonomy of the individual but also as conditional investment that demands the future change of the recipient as return. However, the meaning of this investment, that is given to the youth in term of autonomous activity, was ambiguous. The meaning of YA as gift could be changed according to how the semantic of this investment was materialized. YA was transformed through intense political dispute right after it became known outside the Seoul City Government. Novel category of activity, which underpinned the core of the program, was not communicated, and therefore the administration and ruling party understood this policy as unconditional cash transfer policy. Consequently, YA was criticized as immoral charity to the youth as Working Age Population. In response to that, Seoul City Government started to consult the policy with the administration and changed the meaning of activity as the job-seeking activity in broad sense. Accordingly, the meaning of YA was changed into the efficient investment on the youth as human resource, who is future worker but in the present crisis. Despite the Seoul City Governments trial to coordinate the meaning of activity with the administration based on the norm of the youth and the giving, the consultation eventually fell apart. As a result, instead of the meaning of the activity that served as ground of cash transfer, the fact that this program grants cash to the youth itself emerged as the key issue. Nevertheless, the meaning of the fish here was not the right to unconditional distribution that was hitherto tabooed by the conventional norm. In this context, the youth was represented as the industrious job-seeker equipped with ability to pioneer ones future by himself and investee who solicits the investment on oneself by proving this effort. Thereby, the meaning of YA was fixed as the support fund for job-seeking in the institutional level, and the right implicated in the money became the right to be invested for the future. In conclusion, the political conflict over the YA yielded a certain norm that enabled the direct distribution of the cash to the youth who was understood as no more than the subject of production. This study comprehended the content of this norm as the right to be invested. The norm implicates both possibility and limitation of the logic based on which the Working Age Population could be granted cash. This norm could displace the crisis of structural unemployment that was symptomized by youth, in the sense that it demands the obligation of diligent effort for the future. On the other hand, this norm also could serve as the political ground for extension of the cash transfer for the Working Age Population today, the era in which the time of youth that requires investment is gradually prolonged.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ μ œλ„ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ, 노동가λŠ₯인ꡬ인 μ²­λ…„μ—κ²Œ ν˜„κΈˆμ΄ μ§€κΈ‰λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ •μΉ˜ 과정을 λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. κΈˆμœ΅μœ„κΈ° 이후 ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 싀업은 μœ λ‹¬λ¦¬ 높은 μ‹€μ—…λ₯ μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν–ˆλ˜ μ²­λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” μ„ΈλŒ€ μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ 문제, 즉 μ²­λ…„μ‹€μ—…μ΄λΌλŠ” λ§Œμ„±μ μΈ μ‚¬νšŒλ¬Έμ œλ‘œ μ œκΈ°λ˜μ–΄μ™”λ‹€. λ―Έμ·¨μ—… μ²­λ…„λ“€μ—κ²Œ 6κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ 자율적인 ν™œλ™μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 맀달 50λ§Œμ›μ˜ ν˜„κΈˆμ„ μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ€ 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€κΈ°ν•œ μ œλ„μ™€ 담둠이 κ²½ν•©ν•΄μ˜€λ˜ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆλœ 정책이닀. 이 정책은 슀슀둜 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μž‘μ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” 일자리λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν–ˆλ˜ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ •μ±…λ“€κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” 이유둜 κ²©λ ¬ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ  κ°ˆλ“±μ„ 거쳐 μ œλ„ν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°ˆλ“± μ†μ—μ„œ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” λˆμ„ μ €λ§ˆλ‹€ 각각 μ„ λ¬Ό, 투자, ꢌ리, λͺ« λ“±μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λΌλ³΄μ•˜λ˜ μ‹œκ°λ“€μ˜ 경합에 μ£Όλͺ©ν•œλ‹€. μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ή(Youth Allowance)μ΄λΌλŠ” μ œλ„μ˜ λͺ…μΉ­μ—μ„œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λ“―μ΄, 이 경합은 청년에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ„λ•μ μœΌλ‘œ ν—ˆλ½(allow)될 수 μžˆλŠ” μ¦μ—¬μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ΄ 무엇인지λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•˜λŠ” κ·œλ²”μ΄ μž¬κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ˜ κ³Όμ •μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ μ œλ„ λ³€ν™” 과정은 노동할 수 μ—†λŠ” 노동가λŠ₯μΈκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ ν˜„κΈˆμ΄ 지급될 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 과정을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λŠ” 효과적인 μž₯μ†Œμ΄λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹μ— μž…κ°ν•˜μ—¬ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ§€κ³  λ‹΅ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 노동가λŠ₯인ꡬ둜 μ—¬κ²¨μ‘Œλ˜ μ²­λ…„μ—κ²Œ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” μ΄λ¦„μ˜ ν˜„κΈˆμ΄ 증여될 수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”κ°€? 이 λ¬ΌμŒμ€ λ‹€μ‹œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ¬ΌμŒλ“€λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 첫째, μ™œ 청년이 노동가λŠ₯μΈκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ ν˜„κΈˆμ„ μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ •μ±…μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ…Όμ˜λ˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€?(β…‘μž₯) λ‘˜μ§Έ, 이 정책이 κ΅¬μƒλ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 청년은 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 쑴재둜 μΈμ •λ°›μ•˜μœΌλ©°, μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ¦μ—¬λ˜λŠ” 돈의 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€?(β…’μž₯) μ…‹μ§Έ, 이 ꡬ상이 ν˜„μ‹€ν™”λ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 청년에 λŒ€ν•œ μ¦μ—¬μ˜ κ·œλ²”μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν˜•λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€?(β…£μž₯) λ¨Όμ € μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ 전사(前史)λ‘œμ„œ, μ²­λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” μ„ΈλŒ€ λ²”μ£Όκ°€ ν˜„κΈˆμ„ μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ •μ±…μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ΄ 된 배경을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ–‘μœ‘μ˜ λŒ€μƒμΈ μœ λ…„κ³Ό λ…Έλ™μ˜ 주체인 μ„±λ…„ 사이에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 청년은 μ •λΆ€ μ‹€μ—…λŒ€μ±…μ—μ„œ 졜초둜 μ •μ±…μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ“±μž₯ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ 이후에도 개인의 도덕적 μ±…μž„μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ§€λ˜ 청년싀업은 μ²­λ…„μ„ΈλŒ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심을 톡해 집합적인 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ ν•΄κ²°λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  문제둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이후 μ²­λ…„μ‹€μ—…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ •μΉ˜λŠ” μ²­λ…„μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ 담둠적 ꡬ성을 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό λ¬Έν™”μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ°˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ •λΆ€λŠ” 청년싀업이 λ―Έλž˜μ— 극볡될 수 μžˆλŠ” μΌμ‹œμ μΈ μœ„κΈ°λΌλŠ” μ „μ œ ν•˜μ—, 도전, μ—΄μ •, κΈ°νšŒμ™€ 같은 기쑴의 청년이 μ²΄ν˜„ν•˜κ³  있던 κ·œλ²”μΈ μ²­λ…„μ„±(靑年性)을 λ³΅μ›ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ·¨Β·μ°½μ—… 지원정책과 같은 고용 정책에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμ—μ„œλŠ” λ„λž˜κ°€ λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•΄μ§„ 미래의 고용이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμž¬μƒμ‚°μ„ 보μž₯받을 ꢌ리λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ²­λ…„λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžμš΄λ™μ΄ μ „κ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ²­λ…„λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžμš΄λ™μ΄ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™κ°€ μΆœμ‹  μ„œμšΈμ‹œμž₯의 μ„œμšΈμ‹œμ •κ³Ό μ‘°μš°ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œ, 청년에 λŒ€ν•œ μ •μ±…κ³Ό μš΄λ™μ˜ 흐름은 μ²­λ…„μ •μ±…κ±°λ²„λ„ŒμŠ€λ‘œ μ œλ„ν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ„œμšΈμ‹œμ˜ μ²­λ…„μ •μ±…κ±°λ²„λ„ŒμŠ€ λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜λœ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄ κ΅¬μƒλ˜λŠ” 과정은 μ²­λ…„κ³Ό μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ¦μ—¬μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 과정을 μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ 본래 곡식 λͺ…칭인 μ²­λ…„ν™œλ™μ§€μ›μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ μ²­λ…„(문제의 ꡬ성), ν™œλ™(κ°œμž…μ˜ 지점), 지원(μ œλ„μ˜ λ‚΄μš©)μ΄λΌλŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ†Œ λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, 청년을 과도기적인 ꡬ직의 주체둜만 κ°„μ£Όν–ˆλ˜ 기쑴의 정책듀이 νš¨κ³Όμ μ΄μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” λΉ„νŒμ€ 고용과 ꡬ직을 κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ NEET λŒ€μ‹ , λ…Έλ™μ‹œμž₯의 ꡬ쑰적 문제 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ£Όλ³€ν™”λœ 이듀을 ν¬κ΄„ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ λ°– μ²­λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ •μ±… λ²”μ£Όμ˜ 발λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ κ·€κ²°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ²­λ…„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„±μ€ 미래의 κ³ μš©μ„ μ˜ˆλΉ„ν•˜λŠ” μΌμ‹œμ μΈ κ΅¬μ§ν™œλ™μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 과도기가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, ꡬ직 κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ, 그리고 ꡬ직에 μ„±κ³΅ν•œ 이후에도 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 반영ꡬ적인 ν˜„μž¬λ‘œ λ³€ν˜•λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ‹œκ°„μ„±μ΄ λ³€ν™”ν•œ 청년을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μ •μ±…μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 미래의 κ³ μš©κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ œκ³ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 인적자본(human capital)의 μΆ•μ μ—μ„œ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 닀차원적인 μ—­λŸ‰(capability)인 ν™œλ ₯(ζ΄»εŠ›)을 λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 기쑴의 κ³ μš©μ •μ±…μ΄ μ§€μ›ν–ˆλ˜ κ°•μ œλœ κ΅¬μ§ν™œλ™μ΄λ‚˜ λΆˆμ•ˆμ • 노동과 κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ •μ±… 범주인 ν™œλ™(ζ΄»ε‹•)은 이 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 정책이 κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œ μ§€μ›ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” μ‚Άμ˜ ν˜•νƒœμ΄λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” λˆμ€ ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§€μ›κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ μ œμ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ •μ±…κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ€ 이 돈의 의미λ₯Ό ꢌ리둜 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„œλ‘œ κΈΈν•­ν•˜λŠ” μ„ λ¬Όκ³Ό 투자의 논리λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ 이 λˆμ€ κ°œμΈμ— μ˜ν•΄ 자율적으둜 κΈ°νšλ˜λŠ” ν™œλ™μ„ μ§€μ›ν•˜λŠ” 무쑰건적인 μ„ λ¬Όλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ 이 λˆμ€ 수증자의 미래 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ„±κ³Ό(return)둜 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 쑰건뢀 투자둜 κ·œμ •λ¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, 무쑰건적인 선물이 일방적인 μ‹œν˜œλ‘œ 전락할 μœ„ν—˜μ—μ„œ μžμœ λ‘œμ›Œμ‘Œλ‹€. 이 νˆ¬μžλŠ” 기쑴의 μ‚¬νšŒνˆ¬μžμ™€ 달리 투자의 κΈ°κ°„(μ²­λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‹œκ°„)κ³Ό 쑰건(κ°œμΈμ— μ˜ν•΄ 자율적으둜 κΈ°νšλ˜λŠ” ν™œλ™)이 λͺ¨ν˜Έν•œ νˆ¬μžμ˜€λ‹€. μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” μ¦μ—¬μ˜ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ–Έμ œκΉŒμ§€ 지속될지 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μ²­λ…„μ—κ²Œ, 자율적으둜 기획된 ν™œλ™μ„ 쑰건으둜 μ§€μ›ν•˜λŠ” 이 투자의 의미둠이 이후 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”λ˜λŠλƒμ— 따라 λ³€ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ€ μ„œμšΈμ‹œ μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ κ³΅λ‘ ν™”λ˜μžλ§ˆμž κ²©λ ¬ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ  κ°ˆλ“±μ„ κ²ͺμœΌλ©΄μ„œ λ³€ν˜•λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ μ‹œν–‰ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•  κΆŒν•œμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ„ μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 근거인 ν™œλ™μ΄λΌλŠ” μ •μ±… λ²”μ£Όλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκ³ , 이 정책을 무쑰건적인 ν˜„κΈˆ 지급 μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 곡둠μž₯μ—μ„œ λ…Έλ™μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό 의무λ₯Ό λ‹΄μ§€ν•œ 주체둜만 μΈμ •λ°›μ•˜λ˜ μ²­λ…„μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ–΄μ§€λŠ” 이 ν˜„κΈˆμ€ λΆ€λ„λ•ν•œ μžμ„ μ΄λΌκ³  λΉ„λ‚œλ°›μ•˜λ‹€. 이 λ‚™μΈμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„œμšΈμ‹œλŠ” ν™œλ™μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό κ΄‘μ˜μ˜ κ΅¬μ§ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ„ 미래의 인적 μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•œ 투자둜 μ •λ‹Ήν™”ν•˜λ©° 정뢀와 사업 μ‹œν–‰μ„ ν˜‘μ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ κ΅¬μ§ν™œλ™μ„ ν­λ„“κ²Œ μ§€μ›ν•˜λŠ” 투자둜 고정될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ–‘μž κ°„ ν™œλ™μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έκ³  ν˜‘μ˜κ°€ κ²°λ ¬λ˜λ©΄μ„œ μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡭ면을 λ§žμ΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” μ¦μ—¬μ˜ 정당성을 μ’Œμš°ν–ˆλ˜ ν™œλ™μ΄λΌλŠ” μ •μ±… λ²”μ£Όκ°€ λ…Όμ˜μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ—μ„œ μ œμ™Έλ˜λ©΄μ„œ, 이 정책이 μ²­λ…„μ—κ²Œ 자율적으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν˜„κΈˆμ΄λΌλŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° 자체λ₯Ό μ§€κΈ‰ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ꢌ리λ₯Ό 보μž₯ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 츑면이 λΆ€κ°λœ 것이닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 물고기의 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μƒμ§•ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„λ°°λ₯Ό ν„°λΆ€μ‹œν–ˆλ˜ μž…μž₯을 거슀λ₯΄λŠ”, 무쑰건적인 뢄배에 λŒ€ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이 ꢌ리λ₯Ό λ‹΄μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 청년은 미래λ₯Ό 슀슀둜 κ°œμ²™ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ꡬ직의 μ˜μ§€μ™€ 전망을 κ°–μΆ˜ ν”Όνˆ¬μžμž(investee)둜 ν‘œμƒλ˜μ—ˆκ³  μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ¦μ—¬λ˜λŠ” μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” 물고기의 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μΌμ‹œμ μΈ 투자둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이둜써 μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ€ μ œλ„μ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅¬μ§ν™œλ™μ§€μ›κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ, 이 돈이 λ‚΄ν¬ν•˜λŠ” ꢌ리의 λ‚΄μš©μ€ 미래λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ νˆ¬μžλ°›μ„ ꢌ리둜 κ³ μ •λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이후 μ²­λ…„μ—κ²Œ ν˜„κΈˆμ„ μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 정책은 이 κ·œλ²”μ— μ˜κ±°ν•˜μ—¬ ν™•μ‚°λ˜κ³  μ΄ν•΄λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 결둠적으둜 μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό κ°ˆλ“±μ€ μƒμ‚°μ˜ 주체둜만 μ—¬κ²¨μ‘Œλ˜ μ²­λ…„μ—κ²Œ μ΄μ „κΉŒμ§€ κΈˆκΈ°μ‹œλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ ν˜„κΈˆμ„ 직접 λΆ„λ°°ν•˜λŠ” μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ •λ‹Ήν™”ν•˜λŠ” νˆ¬μžλ°›μ„ κΆŒλ¦¬λΌλŠ” κ·œλ²”μ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 κ·œλ²”μ€ 노동가λŠ₯μΈκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ ν˜„κΈˆμ΄ 지급될 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 배경에 κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ™μ‹œμ— ν•¨μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ²­λ…„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ νˆ¬μžλ°›μ„ κΆŒλ¦¬λŠ” ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ 고용과 λ“±μΉ˜λœ 미래λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ·Όλ©΄ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯의 의무λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 청년을 톡해 μ§•ν›„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ˜ ꡬ쑰적 μ‹€μ—…μ΄λΌλŠ” μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ „μΉ˜μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ, 싀업이 λ§Œμ„±ν™”λ˜λ©΄μ„œ νˆ¬μžκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ²­λ…„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 점차 μ—°μž₯되고 μžˆλŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , νˆ¬μžλΌλŠ” κ·œλ²”μ€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μ œμ•½ν•˜λŠ”λ° κ·ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  노동가λŠ₯인ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•œ ν˜„κΈˆ 지급이 ν™•λŒ€λ  수 μžˆλŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ  κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ—­μ‹œ λ‚΄ν¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.I. μ„œλ‘  1 1. 문제제기 1 2. 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  3 1) μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ 3 2) 청년에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ 6 3. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 8 1) μ‚¬νšŒμ •μΉ˜: μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ 것을 μ—­μ‚¬ν™”ν•˜κΈ° 8 2) 증여: μΈμ •μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ν•™ 11 4. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ””μžμΈ 13 1) μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒ 14 2) 연ꡬ 방법 15 3) 연ꡬ 자료 16 II. μ²­λ…„μ‹€μ—…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ •μΉ˜: μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ 전사 18 1. μ²­λ…„/μ‹€μ—…μ˜ 담둠적 ν˜„μ‹€ 18 1) μ²­λ…„λ°±μˆ˜μ˜ λ“±μž₯κ³Ό μ²­λ…„μ„±μ˜ μœ„κΈ° 18 2) μ²­λ…„μ‹€μ—…μ˜ μ„ΈλŒ€ν™”: μ²­λ…„μ‹€μ—…μ—μ„œ μ²­λ…„μ‹€μ—…μœΌλ‘œ 21 2. μ²­λ…„μ„±μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ν•™ 25 1) μ²­λ…„μ‹€μ—…μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜: μ²­λ…„μ„±μ˜ 볡원 26 2) μ²­λ…„λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžμš΄λ™: μ²­λ…„μ„±μ˜ μž¬κ΅¬μ„± 30 3) μ„œμšΈμ‹œμ˜ μ²­λ…„μ •μ±…κ±°λ²„λ„ŒμŠ€: μ œλ„ν™”λœ μ²­λ…„μ„±μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ 33 III. μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ ꡬ상 37 1. μ²­λ…„: 반영ꡬ적인 κ³Όμž‰μΈκ΅¬ 38 1) μ •μ±… λ²”μ£Όλ‘œμ„œ μ²­λ…„μ˜ μž¬κ΅¬μ„±: NEETμ—μ„œ μ‚¬νšŒ λ°– μ²­λ…„μœΌλ‘œ 38 2) 보μž₯이 ν•„μš”ν•œ λ°˜μ§μ„ μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ²­λ…„κΈ° 41 2. λ…Έλ™μ—μ„œ ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ: μ‚¬νšŒμ§„μž…μ˜ μž¬μ •μ˜ 43 1) ν™œλ ₯의 λ¬Έμ œν™”: 인적자본의 μΆ•μ μ—μ„œ μΈκ°„μ—­λŸ‰μ˜ 보쑴으둜 43 2) ν™œλ™: μ •μ±… λ²”μ£Όμ˜ 발λͺ… 45 3. μ§€μ›μ΄λΌλŠ” 증여: μ„ λ¬Ό-투자 49 1) 뢀채λ₯Ό λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ„ λ¬Ό 50 2) μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 투자 52 IV. μ²­λ…„μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ˜ μ œλ„ λ³€ν™” 58 1. μ œμ•ˆκ³Ό 반발 60 1) 노동정책과 볡지정책 사이 60 2) 미래의 λ…Έλ™μžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ²­λ…„ 63 3) λΆ€λ„λ•ν•œ μžμ„  64 2. ν˜‘μ˜μ™€ 수렴 67 1) κ΅¬μ§μ§€μ›μ œλ„μ™€μ˜ 수렴 67 2) μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•œ μΈμ μžμ›μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ²­λ…„ 70 3) 효율적인 투자 73 3. 진동과 κ³ μ • 76 1) ν˜„κΈˆμ§€κΈ‰μ˜ μŸμ ν™” 77 2) ν”Όνˆ¬μžμžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ²­λ…„ 79 3) νˆ¬μžλ°›μ„ ꢌ리 84 V. κ²°λ‘ : μ²­λ…„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„ 89 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 97 Abstract 106Maste
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