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    ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ์ž์œ ์—ฐ์• ์™€ ๋ชจ๊ณ„์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜

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    ์ Š์€ ์ž…์ˆ ๋“ค์˜ ๋’ค๋ฒ”๋ฒ…, ์น ๋ ˆ์— ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€ ๋‚œ 9์›” 13์ผ์ž ใ€Š๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šคใ€‹์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ๊ฐ€? ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์„ฑ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. 14~18์„ธ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€ํ–‰ ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋œจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜์ดํŠธํด๋Ÿฝ์ด ๋‚˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์• ๋ฌดใ†ํŽ˜ํŒ…ใ†ํ‚ค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ์„ธ์•„๋ฅด(poncear)๋ผ๋Š” ์†์–ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋„ ํญ๋ฐœ์  ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ใ€Š๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šคใ€‹๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฐ์„ธ์•„๋ฅด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ‚ค์Šคํ•˜๊ณ  ์• ๋ฌดํ•˜ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํฐ์„ธ์•„๋ฅด๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋‹จ ์–ด๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค..

    ๊ณต์›๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‰ : ์„œ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต์›์ด์šฉ ๋ณ€์ฒœ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์•ž ๋‹คํˆฌ์–ด ๊ณต์› ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๏ผŒ ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๋…น์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. 2006๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ํ–‰์ •์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘ ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๋…น์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋งค์—ฐ์— ์ด์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.1) ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๋…น์ง€์˜ ์–‘์  ํ™•์ถฉ๊ณผ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต์›๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๏ผŒ ์ฒ ๋„, ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋งค๋ฆฝ์ง€, ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ ์šฉ์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ณต์›ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ๋„ ํ•˜์•ผ๋ฆฌ์•ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ๊ณต์›ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2) ํ•œํŽธ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณต๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต์›์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ž…์ฐฐ๊ณต๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒ๋ฐ•์ด์‹์˜ ๊ณต์›์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณต์›์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์ง„์ผ๋ณด๋œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์„ฑ๋‚จํŒ๊ต์ง€๊ตฌ ๋„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ๊ณต์›์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ํŒŒ์ฃผ์šด์ •์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ณต์›์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณต๋ชจ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ๊ณ , ๊น€ํฌ ์‹ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต์›์„ค๊ณ„ ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณต๋ชจ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ–‰์ •์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ค‘์•™๋…น์ง€๊ณต๊ฐ„์— 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ‰ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์•ผํ๋กœ ๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต์›์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์–‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค

    ๋‹ฌ์ฝค ์Œ‰์‹ธ๋ฆ„ํ•œ ์„คํƒ•์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด โ€• ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏผ์ธ ์˜ ใ€Ž์„คํƒ•๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅใ€ ์„œํ‰

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    1. ๊ฐœ๊ด€: ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง„๋‹ค ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์„ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏผ์ธ ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๋‹ค๋…€๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•™์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏผ์ธ ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ์ง€์—ญํ•™๊ณผ ํฌ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ ๋ฌธํ™”, ์ด์ฃผ์™€ ์ด๋ฏผ, ์ค‘์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ, ์Œ์‹์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๋†์ดŒ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™, ๋…ธ๋™ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์„ ์ด๋ง๋ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ „ํ†ต์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ด์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌธํ™”์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ด๋ž€ ์›๋ž˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งค๊น€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏผ์ธ ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ใ€Ž์„คํƒ•๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅใ€์€ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏผ์ธ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ €์„œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์„ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งค๊น€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์ธ ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ง€(ethnography)๋ฅผ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,ใ€Ž์„คํƒ•๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅใ€์„ ์ถœํŒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค

    Rethinking "Duty-free Trade": Surveillance and the Question of Moral Economy in lquique, Chile

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    ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€์—ญ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณ„ํš์ด์ž ์‹ค์ฒœ์ง€์นจ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 80๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Dicken 1988; Haggard 1990). ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ํ”ผ๋…ธ์ฒดํŠธ ์ •๊ถŒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค‘์•™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ์ตœ๋ถ๋‹จ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ตœ๋‚จ๋‹จ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— 1975๋…„๋„์— ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋ถ๋‹จ์˜ ์ด๋ผ๊ป˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€ (ZOFRI, Zona Franca de Iquique, ์ดํ•˜ ์†Œํ”„๋ฆฌ)๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์ถœํ’ˆ์„ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์—…์ง€๋Œ€(exportโ€“processing zone)๋กœ ๊ธฐํš๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณต์—…์ƒ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž…์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ž…์™„์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™€ ์ œ3๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ†ต์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผํ†ต๊ณผํ•ญ(entrepรดt) ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ง™๊ณ  ํ˜„์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ง€๋Œ€(zona franca comercial)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์†Œํ”„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚จ๋ฏธ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(BID-INTAL & AZOLCA 1992: 9). In 1975, the repressive Pinochet regime installed a commercial duty-free zone in Iquique, the capital city of Chile's northernmost region, Tarapacรก. ZOFRI(Zone Franca de Iquique) has since been known for its success, and has been commented as a desirable development engine for a once economically-depressed region. On the other hand, local sociologists have been skeptical about the trickle-down effects the zone has brought for its inhabitants. This paper explores the economic mechanism by which ZOFRI operates, and the social repercussions of such practices on the Iquiqueรฑo community. Previous research on duty-free zones have focused either on their macro socio-economic effects, or the social tension derived from class differences between wealthier traders and local employees. This study suggests a different approach that focuses on the social practices generated by the duty-free incentive. The duty-free incentive is the basis by which wealth is generated in the Free Zone, and different participants in the zone seek to appropriate this wealth. Administrators at ZOFRI S.A, the Free Zone's administrative company, the traders who conduct business within the zone(usuarios), and the local employees who work for the usuarios constantly create new transaction methods to fully take advantage of the duty-free incentive and thus create wealth from this source. On the other hand, in order to prevent the abuse of the duty-free incentive, ZOFRI S.A has created an elaborate surveillance system The co-existence of illegal means of transaction, stealing and an elaborate surveillance system has brought about fissures in Iquiqueรฑo society where wealth is increasingly associated with black money, money laundering and drug transactions. In all, such a dystopic vision of local community questions the hitherto axiom that ZOFRI has brought about socio-economic development in the region

    Peace Tourism in DMZ Borders and its Effect on Utilization of Local Resources

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ โ€˜ํ‰ํ™”๊ด€๊ด‘โ€™์€ DMZ ์ ‘๊ฒฝ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ด€๊ด‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํ‹€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” DMZ ์ ‘๊ฒฝ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฒ ์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰ํ™”๊ด€๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ด‘ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ž์› ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ‰ํ™” ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ ์›์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž์›๋“ค์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š”ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰ํ™”๊ด€๊ด‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ „๋ฐฉ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜๋งˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๊ด‘ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ฒ ์›์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜DMZ์˜ ํ‰ํ™”์ง€๋Œ€ํ™”โ€™๋Š” DMZ ์ ‘๊ฒฝ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์‚ถ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ‰ํ™”๊ด€๊ด‘์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Peace tourism in Korea has become a new framework of the local tourism in DMZ border area. This study analyzed the discourses related to the local tourism regarding DMZ, especially focusing on Cheorwon, to find out how the peace tourism affects the utilization of local resources. As a result, the discourse on โ€œpeaceโ€ not only has had the limited effects on promoting the new local resources but also has weakened the indigenous features of Cheorwon. Although there is a possibility that the image of the region as a dangerous military area can be improved at a symbolic level, the local regeneration at a more active level to meet the various tourism demand and to discover the less known local resources has not been implemented. The national agenda of โ€œTransforming the DMZ into a Peace Zoneโ€ should encompass the issue of regeneration of DMZ border area and the peopleโ€™s lives within it. Therefore, peace tourism needs to be realigned in a more local-centric way.N

    Hospital size and adequate blood cell counter : a profitability analysis

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] 1970ๅนดไปฃ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ็ถ“ๆฟŸๆˆ้•ท๊ณผ ้†ซ็™‚้œ€่ฆ์˜ ๆ€ฅๅขž์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ้†ซ็™‚ๅˆ†้‡Ž์—๋„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ่ฎŠๅŒ–๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ็—…้™ข๋“ค์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๆ“ดๅคง์‹œ์ผœ ๆ–ฝ่จญ๊ณผ ่ฃๅ‚™๋ฅผ ็พไปฃๅŒ–ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ็พไปฃๅŒ–๋œ ็—…้™ข๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ๋กœ ๆ–ฐ่จญ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์šด ่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–่ฃๅ‚™๋‚˜ ้ซ˜ๅƒน์˜ ่ฃๅ‚™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๆŠ•่ณ‡๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๋‚ด ์ „์ฒด ๆŠ•่ณ‡ไธญ ์ ์ฐจ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๆฏ”้‡์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ้ซ˜ๅƒน้†ซ็™‚่ฃๅ‚™๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ่ฟ…้€Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ๆญฃ็ขบํ•œ ่จบๆ–ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ่จบๆ–ท์˜ ่ณช์„ ๅ‘ไธŠ์‹œ์ผœ ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ้ซ˜ๅƒน์ธ๋ฐ๋‹ค ่ฟฝๅŠ ็š„์ธ ้™„ๅธถๆ–ฝ่จญ๊ณผ ้ซ˜ๅบฆ๋กœ ่จ“็ทด๋œ ไบบๅŠ›์„ ๅฟ…่ฆ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋“ค์€ ้†ซ็™‚่ฒป ไธŠๆ˜‡์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ไฝœ็”จํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ณ‘์›่ฒกๆ”ฟ์„ ํ•œ์ธต ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ่ฃๅ‚™ๆŠ•่ณ‡์˜ ๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๆ–น้‡์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„์ง ๋งŽ์€ ็—…้™ข๋“ค์€ ้ซ˜ๅบฆๆŠ€่ก“์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ้ซ˜ๅƒน่ฃๅ‚™์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๆŠ•่ณ‡๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ้‡ๅคงํ•œ ๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎš์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๅ…ท้ซ”็š„์ธ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š”, ๆ•ธ็จฎ์˜ ่‡ชๅ‹•่ก€็ƒ่จˆ็ฎ—ๆฉŸ๋ฅผ ้ธๅฎšํ•ด์„œ ็—…้™ข่ฃๅ‚™ๆŠ•่ณ‡ๆ™‚ ๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎš์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑ๋ฅผ ๅ‹Ÿ้›†ๅˆ†ๆžํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” 250๋ณ‘์ƒ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ž๋™ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ(SP2 ๋ชจ๋ธ)๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๆ”ถ็›Šๆ€ง๊ณผ ๆ็›Šๅˆ†ๅฒ้ปž์„ ็ฎ—ๅ‡บํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๆœƒ่จˆๅนดๅบฆๅ…ง SP2๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์šด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ็™ผ็”Ÿ๋œ ๆ”ถ็›Š๊ณผ ่ฒป็”จ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 55,402,872์›๊ณผ 60,046,071์›์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 4,673,199์›์˜ ๆๅคฑ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๆ็›Šๅˆ†ๅฒ้ปž์€ 60,060,031์›์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 500๋ณ‘์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹ ์ถ•๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ็งป่ฝ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ๆ็›Šๅˆ†ๅฒ้ปž์€ 79,941,147์›์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, 28.2%์˜ ็ด”๏ง็›Š๏ง›๊ณผ 31,281,567์›์˜ ๅˆฉ็›Š์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” 100๋ณ‘์ƒ, 200๋ณ‘์ƒ, 400๋ณ‘์ƒ, 600๋ณ‘์ƒ, 800๋ณ‘์ƒ, 1,200๋ณ‘์ƒ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ 6ๅ€‹ ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ๋ฏธํ™” 12,500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ Z๋ชจ๋ธ, 22,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ S5๋ชจ๋ธ, 50,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ SST๋ชจ๋ธ, 90,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ SP2๋ชจ๋ธ, 105,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ SP4๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ 5์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž๋™ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•ด ์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ไบคๅ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ็ต„ๅˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๅ„ ็ต„ๅˆ์˜ ๆ”ถ็›Šๆ€ง์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 20%์ด์ƒ์˜ ็ด”๏ง็›Š์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„์„ ์ •์—์„œ 100-200 ๋ณ‘์ƒ์— Z๋ชจ๋ธ, 200-400๋ณ‘์ƒ์— S5๋‚˜ SST๋ชจ๋ธ, 600-800๋ณ‘์ƒ์— SP2 ๋ชจ๋ธ, 800๋ณ‘์ƒ์ด์ƒ์— SP4๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ้ฉๆญฃํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ •ๆ™‚ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ๆ”ถ็›Šๆ€ง ์™ธ์—๋„ ่จบ็™‚, ๆ•Ž่‚ฒ, ็ก็ฉถ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๆฉŸ่ƒฝ็š„ ๅด้ข๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. Hospital Size and Adequate Blood Cell Counter -A Profitability Analysis- Kyung-Jin Cho Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health, Science and Management Yonsei University (Directed by Prof. Il Soon Kim, M.D.) Since the 1970 the hospital industry in Korea has been expanding rapidly along with the rapid economic growth and the increasing medical care demend. Many of the existing hospitals have expanded their sizes and modernized their facilities and equipments, and many new modern hospitals have been constructed. New automated, sophisticated and costly equipments have occupied the large portion of the investment Put into the hospital industry. Nobody denies that such costly equipment improves the quality of medical care through fast and accurate diagnosis. The sophisticated equipment, however, is very costly and requires additional facilities and highly trained manpower and has become one of the most important cost-pushing factors leading to financial difficulties of many hospitals. It is strongly felt that some guidelines should be developed to make a decision for the investment. The hospitals, however, do not have enough information to make an important decision on the investment of new, costly and sophisticated equipments. This study was conducted to provide a set of information derived from profitability analysis and break-even analysis for the decision of the investment of hospital to those equipments. The automatic blood cell counter of various types were selected and the study was performed by two-step analysis. On the first step, a 250-bed hospital and SP 2 blood cell counter model was selected for the analysis and then profitability and break- even point of the cell counter were calculated. The revenue and cast occured by the operation of SP 2 model were ๏ฟฆ55,402,872 and ๏ฟฆ60,046,071 respectively. with loss of ๏ฟฆ4,643.199 during the year. The break-even point was ๏ฟฆ60,060.031. For the 500-bed hospital under the same circumstance, the break-even paint shifts to ๏ฟฆ79,941.147 with net profit of ๏ฟฆ31,281,567 as 28.2% net profit ratio. On the second step, six hospitals of different sizes (100-bed, 200-bed, 400-bed, 600-bed, 800-bed, and 1,200-bed) and five different types of cell counters of different prices (Z model: US12.500.S5model:US12.500. S5 model:US22.000, SST model:US50,000,SP2model:US50,000, SP2 model:US90,000, SP4 model:US105,000)werechosenasanalyticalmodels.Theprofitabilitiesofthecrossโˆ’matchedcombinationamonghospitalsandcellcounterswerealsocalculated.Theadequatemodelsfordifferenthospitalsinsizewhichshowthenetprofitratiomorethan20600โˆ’800beds:SP2model,800bedsupward:SP4model.However,tomakeafinaldecision,thefunctionalobjectivesofthehospitalsuchasqualityofmedicalcare,educationandresearchcomponentsotherthanprofitabilityshouldfullybeconsidered.[์˜๋ฌธ]Sincethe1970thehospitalindustryinKoreahasbeenexpandingrapidlyalongwiththerapideconomicgrowthandtheincreasingmedicalcaredemend.Manyoftheexistinghospitalshaveexpandedtheirsizesandmodernizedtheirfacilitiesandequipments,andmanynewmodernhospitalshavebeenconstructed.Newautomated,sophisticatedandcostlyequipmentshaveoccupiedthelargeportionoftheinvestmentPutintothehospitalindustry.Nobodydeniesthatsuchcostlyequipmentimprovesthequalityofmedicalcarethroughfastandaccuratediagnosis.Thesophisticatedequipment,however,isverycostlyandrequiresadditionalfacilitiesandhighlytrainedmanpowerandhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantcostโˆ’pushingfactorsleadingtofinancialdifficultiesofmanyhospitals.Itisstronglyfeltthatsomeguidelinesshouldbedevelopedtomakeadecisionfortheinvestment.Thehospitals,however,donothaveenoughinformationtomakeanimportantdecisionontheinvestmentofnew,costlyandsophisticatedequipments.Thisstudywasconductedtoprovideasetofinformationderivedfromprofitabilityanalysisandbreakโˆ’evenanalysisforthedecisionoftheinvestmentofhospitaltothoseequipments.Theautomaticbloodcellcounterofvarioustypeswereselectedandthestudywasperformedbytwoโˆ’stepanalysis.Onthefirststep,a250โˆ’bedhospitalandSP2bloodcellcountermodelwasselectedfortheanalysisandthenprofitabilityandbreakโˆ’evenpointofthecellcounterwerecalculated.TherevenueandcastoccuredbytheoperationofSP2modelwere๏ฟฆ55,402,872and๏ฟฆ60,046,071respectively.withlossof๏ฟฆ4,643.199duringtheyear.Thebreakโˆ’evenpointwas๏ฟฆ60,060.031.Forthe500โˆ’bedhospitalunderthesamecircumstance,thebreakโˆ’evenpaintshiftsto๏ฟฆ79,941.147withnetprofitof๏ฟฆ31,281,567as28.2Onthesecondstep,sixhospitalsofdifferentsizes(100โˆ’bed,200โˆ’bed,400โˆ’bed,600โˆ’bed,800โˆ’bed,and1,200โˆ’bed)andfivedifferenttypesofcellcountersofdifferentprices(Zmodel:US105,000) were chosen as analytical models. The profitabilities of the cross-matched combination among hospitals and cell counters were also calculated. The adequate models for different hospitals in size which show the net profit ratio more than 20% were 100-200 beds:Z model, 200-400 beds:S5 or SST models, 600-800 beds: SP2 model, 800 beds upward: SP4 model. However, to make a final decision, the functional objectives of the hospital such as quality of medical care, education and research components other than profitability should fully be considered. [์˜๋ฌธ] Since the 1970 the hospital industry in Korea has been expanding rapidly along with the rapid economic growth and the increasing medical care demend. Many of the existing hospitals have expanded their sizes and modernized their facilities and equipments, and many new modern hospitals have been constructed. New automated, sophisticated and costly equipments have occupied the large portion of the investment Put into the hospital industry. Nobody denies that such costly equipment improves the quality of medical care through fast and accurate diagnosis. The sophisticated equipment, however, is very costly and requires additional facilities and highly trained manpower and has become one of the most important cost-pushing factors leading to financial difficulties of many hospitals. It is strongly felt that some guidelines should be developed to make a decision for the investment. The hospitals, however, do not have enough information to make an important decision on the investment of new, costly and sophisticated equipments. This study was conducted to provide a set of information derived from profitability analysis and break-even analysis for the decision of the investment of hospital to those equipments. The automatic blood cell counter of various types were selected and the study was performed by two-step analysis. On the first step, a 250-bed hospital and SP 2 blood cell counter model was selected for the analysis and then profitability and break- even point of the cell counter were calculated. The revenue and cast occured by the operation of SP 2 model were ๏ฟฆ55,402,872 and ๏ฟฆ60,046,071 respectively. with loss of ๏ฟฆ4,643.199 during the year. The break-even point was ๏ฟฆ60,060.031. For the 500-bed hospital under the same circumstance, the break-even paint shifts to ๏ฟฆ79,941.147 with net profit of ๏ฟฆ31,281,567 as 28.2% net profit ratio. On the second step, six hospitals of different sizes (100-bed, 200-bed, 400-bed, 600-bed, 800-bed, and 1,200-bed) and five different types of cell counters of different prices (Z model: US12.500. S5 model:US22.000,SSTmodel:US22.000, SST model:US50,000, SP2 model:US90,000,SP4model:US90,000, SP4 model:US105,000) were chosen as analytical models. The profitabilities of the cross-matched combination among hospitals and cell counters were also calculated. The adequate models for different hospitals in size which show the net profit ratio more than 20% were 100-200 beds:Z model, 200-400 beds:S5 or SST models, 600-800 beds: SP2 model, 800 beds upward: SP4 model. However, to make a final decision, the functional objectives of the hospital such as quality of medical care, education and research components other than profitability should fully be considered.restrictio

    ๋„์‹œยทํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ „๋žต๊ณผ์ • ํ† ๋ก ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ œ3์ฃผ์ œ โ€“ ๋„์‹œ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๊ฐœ

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    2016๋…„ 10์›” 6์ผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฐœํ‘œ : ์ตœ๋ช…์ฒ  (๋‹จ์šฐ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋Œ€ํ‘œ) ์ดˆ์ฒญํ† ๋ก  : ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ง„ ๊ต์ˆ˜(์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜) ์ง„ ํ–‰ : ์ „์ƒ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜(์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜

    Underlying mechanisms for the transition of Listeria monocytogenes from pathogenesis to commensalism

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    DoctorThe gastrointestinal tract harbors a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as commensal microbiota that is a key factor for the maintenance of gut homeostasis and health. Among gut microbiota, specific species have pathogenic potential to induce apparent damage to the host and intestinal inflammation under environmental or host pressure. In addition, environmental pathogens can adapt to occupy the host niches in the gut by inducing transient and limited pathogenesis during the co-evolution of host-microbe interactions. However, the specific underlying mechanism about how host immune factors permit commensalism of pathobionts or pathogens under steady-state conditions is not clearly understood. In this study, I aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms for the transition of Listeria monocytogenes from pathogenesis to commensalism and to identify the immunological factors involved in the commensalism of L. monocytogenes. In the first part of this study, I demonstrated that a food-borne pathogen L. monocytogenes can establish commensalism in germ-free (GF) mice. Although enteric L. monocytogenes infection generated adequate systemic and intestinal tissue-resident CD8+ memory T cells in both GF and SPF mice to resolve the infection, GF mice were unable to eliminate L. monocytogenes in the lumen, which failed to infiltrate through intestinal epithelium and to induce chronic infection. In the second part, I revealed the underlying mechanisms by which immunological factors mediate the commensalism of L. monocytogenes. I found that innate immunity such as an antimicrobial peptide, especially Reg3, did not establish the commensalism of L. monocytogenes, whereas Reg3 gamma provided protective function against L. monocytogenes. On the other hand, L. monocytogenes-specific CD8+ T cells were sufficient to protective function against L. monocytogenes infection as well as promote the commensalism of L. monocytogenes in GF mice through the reversible down-regulation of virulence gene expression. In conclusion, these results suggest one of the possible mechanism how host immune factors permit the commensalism of pathogens. These results provide important insights into the host-microbe interaction and have implications for developing therapeutics against immune disorders induced by intestinal pathogens or pathobionts

    ๋„์‹œยทํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ „๋žต๊ณผ์ • ํ† ๋ก ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ œ13์ฃผ์ œ โ€“ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ด€

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    2016๋…„ 3์›” 24์ผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฐœํ‘œ : ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ง„ (์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜), ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค ์„ฑ์ข…์ƒ (์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜), ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธํ•™, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œํ’๊ฒฝ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ† ๋ก  : ์ด์„์ • (์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜) ์ง„ ํ–‰ : ๊น€์„ธํ›ˆ (์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜)๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์˜ ์ง„ํ™”: ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—์„œ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› 1.0์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ํ•˜์ด๋“œํŒŒํฌ, ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์„ผํŠธ๋ŸดํŒŒํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณต์›์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ—ˆํŒŒ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต์›์„ ๋„์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› 2.0์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๋…น์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ์›จ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€์ง€์— ์กฐ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ณต์›์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์›์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ด ๋•Œ์˜€๋‹ค. 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› 3.0์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต์›์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ณต์›์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณต์›์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๊ต์œก, ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค
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