66 research outputs found

    ์„ธํฌ์™ธ HMGB1์ด ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์— alarmin ๋˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๋ฐ•์ •๊ทœ.Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disorder of the endocrine system due to the loss of pancreatic beta cells by autoimmune attacks. T1D patients require lifetime treatment of exogenous insulin and are destined to suffer from many diabetic complications. Despite technological and medical advancements, T1D still remains incurable. However, since the success of the Edmonton Protocol in 2000, islet transplantation has been considered as one of the best options for the treatment of T1D, especially in patients with hypoglycemic unawareness and glycemic lability. Besides the allo-immune responses against the donor islets, the oxidative injury to the graft has been another big hurdle for the researchers and clinicians to overcome for successful transplantation. The injury to the islet graft generates what is known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which can elicit innate immune responses and can further destroy the graft. Among the DAMPs are high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a well-known, evolutionarily-conserved protein known for its close association with the islet graft damage. Many literatures to date point to the fact that HMGB1 is a highly destructive molecule especially to the islet and beta cells. Notably, there have also been reports of HMGB1s protective actions in various tissues. Thus, more in-depth studies on the influences of HMGB1 on islet beta cells under various conditions are warranted. Methods: For this study, sandwich ELISA was developed and optimized for murine HMGB1 detection in culture supernatant and murine serum. After the development, the assay was validated on cell culture supernatants and murine serum. Additionally, the assay was tested with human rHMGB1. Along the way, the FBSs consistent interference with ELISA signals and its implications were further investigated. Pre-existing HMGB1 from the FBS was removed by immunoprecipitation and its subsequent effects on the beta cell viability and function were assessed via modified MTT assay plus flow cytometry and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay, respectively. Also, rHMGB1 was re-added to the culture media and the cultured cells were tested for viability and function with the same methods. The effects of HMGB1 as alarmin on pancreatic beta cells were inspected using a small molecule inhibitor of HMGB1, inflachromene (ICM). Murine primary islets were isolated and incubated with or without ICM treatment and then checked for HMGB1 secretion and viability via ELISA and modified MTT assay, respectively. In vivo, ICM was treated on STZ-induced diabetic mice and diabetic, syngeneic islet recipients. The impacts of systemic HMGB1 blockade were analyzed in the serum by ELISA and in the graft by immunohistochemistry. The survival of the pancreatic islet and the islet graft was monitored by the blood glucose level. Results: Sandwich ELISA was developed with a matching pair of anti-HMGB1 antibodies. The ELISA was able to detect murine HMGB1 in cell culture supernatants and serum, but it was discovered that FBS had been influencing the assays specificity and sensitivity. When primary islets and MIN6 cells were incubated with pre-existing HMGB1-depleted FBS, significant decreases in both the viability and function were observed. The re-addition of rHMGB1 reversed the effect. Nonetheless, an excessive amount of rHMGB1 or the treatment of rHMGB1 by itself could not rescue the viability of MIN6 cells. Treatment of MIN6 cells and murine primary islets with ICM significantly reduced the level of intracellular and extracellular HMGB1 in vitro, and the viability of murine islets also increased. In vivo, ICM treatment significantly reduced the serum and peri-graft level of HMGB1, and the islet graft at 6 hours post-transplantation showed increased viability. Systemic ICM injection prolonged the survival of syngeneic islet grafts in diabetic mice. Moreover, ICM treatment delayed the experimental induction of hyperglycemia. Conclusions: Previous studies on HMGB1 regarding type 1 diabetes and pancreatic islet transplantation have established the consensus that HMGB1 is undoubtedly harmful to the pancreatic beta cells and its blockade would naturally result in improvements in the survival of beta cells and islet grafts. In this study, I have also shown that a small molecule inhibitor of HMGB1 could provide the islet graft with a mass-sparing effect, presumably by reducing the HMGB1's function as an alarmin. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has indicated that the seemingly destructive HMGB1 could sometimes be beneficial to cells and tissues, and it was demonstrated in this study that a certain level of HMGB1 in the cell culture is required for optimal beta cell growth in vitro, even though the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Since HMGB1 could demonstrate highly diverse functions depending on its redox state, cellular location, relative amount to other proteins, and etc., we must not assume that the effect of HMGB1 on pancreatic beta cells will be absolutely harmful, and I have indeed witnessed the beta cell-protective side of HMGB1 in this study. In the meantime, the function of cytosolic HMGB1 should be scrutinized to fully understand the role of HMGB1 on pancreatic beta cells. *The Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 of this thesis were published in Islets (Chung H, Hong SJ, Choi SW, Park CG. The effect of pre-existing HMGB1 within fetal bovine serum on murine pancreatic beta cell biology. 2020 Jan 14:1-8.) and Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications (Chung H, Hong SJ, Choi SW, Koo JY, Kim M, Kim HJ, Park SB, Park CG. High mobility group box 1 secretion blockade results in the reduction of early pancreatic islet graft loss. 2019 Jul 5;514(4):1081-1086), respectively.์„œ๋ก : 1ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์€ ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. 1ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์™ธ์ธ์„ฑ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ‰์ƒ ๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  1ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์˜ ์™„์น˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ 2000๋…„ ์—๋“œ๋จผํ„ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹์€ ์ €ํ˜ˆ๋‹น๋ฌด๊ฐ์ž‘์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ด์‹ ์‹œ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋™์ข…์ด์‹๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ, ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ์†์ƒ์€ ์„ ์ฒœ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์†์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๋ถ„์ž ํŒจํ„ด(damage-associated molecular pattern, DAMP)์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ DAMP ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด๋œ high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๋กœ HMGB1์ด ์ทŒ๋„์™€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž์ž„์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฌํƒ€ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” HMGB1์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ HMGB1์ด ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช… ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ELISA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฐ์–‘์•ก๊ณผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์—์„œ HMGB1์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ƒ์ธต์•ก๊ณผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ELISA ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„ HMGB1์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ELISA ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์†Œํƒœ์•„ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ด ELISA ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ž€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฐ์–‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œํƒœ์•„ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” HMGB1์„ ๋ฉด์—ญ์นจ๊ฐ•๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , CCK8๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ HMGB1์„ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์— ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์— HMGB1์ด alarmin์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, ์ €๋ถ„์ž HMGB1 ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ inflachromene (ICM)์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ทŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์— ICM์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  HMGB1์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Ÿ‰์€ ELISA๋กœ, ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ์€ CCK8 ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์œ„์  ๋‹น๋‡จ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ICM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‡จ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ๋™๊ณ„ ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์— ICM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ELISA์™€ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ HMGB1์˜ ์–ต์ œ์™€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ•ญ HMGB1ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ sandwich ELISA๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ELISA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ƒ์ฒญ์•ก๊ณผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์—์„œ HMGB1์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์†Œํƒœ์•„ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ด ๋ณธ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์˜ ํŠน์ด๋„์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํƒœ์•„ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” HMGB1์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ทŒ๋„์™€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์ฃผ(MIN6)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ HMGB1์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ HMGB1์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ(10 ng/ml) ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ HMGB1์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(100 ng/ml), ํ˜น์€ HMGB1๋งŒ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” MIN6 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒด์™ธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์ทŒ๋„์™€ MIN6 ์„ธํฌ์— HMGB1 ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ ICM์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ดโ€ข์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ HMGB1 ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ทŒ๋„์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š”, ICM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™๊ณ„ ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ๊ณผ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์—์„œ HMGB1 ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๊ณ„ ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋œ ๋‹น๋‡จ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ICM์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด, HMGB1 ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•จ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ streptozotocin๊ณผ ICM์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•˜๋จ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : HMGB1์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 1ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, HMGB1์€ ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ HMGB1์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ํŽธ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ €๋ถ„์ž HMGB1 ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ HMGB1์ด alarmin์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์‹ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ทŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์œ ํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ HMGB1์ด ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์— ์ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„, ๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘์•ก ๋‚ด์— ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์˜ HMGB1์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. HMGB1์€ ์‚ฐํ™”โ€ขํ™˜์›์ƒํƒœ, ์œ„์น˜, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์—๊ฒŒ HMGB1์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” HMGB1์ด ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ๋ฉด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, HMGB1์ด ์ทŒ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋‚ด HMGB1์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. *๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ 2์žฅ๊ณผ 3์žฅ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ Islets (Chung H, Hong SJ, Choi SW, Park CG. The effect of pre-existing HMGB1 within fetal bovine serum on murine pancreatic beta cell biology. 2020 Jan 14:1-8.)์™€ Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications (Chung H, Hong SJ, Choi SW, Koo JY, Kim M, Kim HJ, Park SB, Park CG. High mobility group box 1 secretion blockade results in the reduction of early pancreatic islet graft loss. 2019 Jul 5;514(4):1081-1086)์— ์ถœํŒ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.General Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Development of a sandwich ELISA system for the optimal detection of murine HMGB1 in culture supernatants and sera 5 Introduction 6 Materials and Methods 7 Results 17 Discussion 30 Chapter 2. The effect of pre-existing HMGB1 within FBS on murine pancreatic beta cell biology 34 Introduction 35 Materials and Methods 36 Results 43 Discussion 63 Chapter 3. HMGB1 secretion blockade results in the reduction of graft loss in the early period of islet transplantation 69 Introduction 70 Materials and Methods 71 Results 77 Discussion 93 General discussion 98 References 101 Abstract in Korean 107Docto

    (The) Effects of PE Teachers Indirect Teaching Behaviors

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ,2010.2.Maste

    ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด PPARฮฑฮณ ์ด์ค‘ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    No full text
    Thesis(doctors) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€,2009.8.Docto

    Activities of daily living and related factors in elderly pulmonary disease patients preparing for discharge

    No full text
    This study aimed to investigate the level of ADL (activities of daily living) of elderly pulmonary disease patients preparing for discharge and the factors affecting it. The data were collected from November 28, 2018 to March 15, 2019 using a structured questionnaire and individual semi-structured interviews with elderly patients aged over 65 years who were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, and infectious disease in mycobacterium (pulmonary tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria) at an acute care hospital in Seoul. A total of 104 responses were used in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 24.0. The following are the result of this study. 1. The average age of the subjects was 75.02 ยฑ 6.59 years and 62.5% (65 of them) were male. Moreover, 81 (77.9%) were married, 33 (31.7%) were high school graduates, and 85 (81.7%) were unemployed (including housewives). 2. The average score of respiratory symptom experience was 14.75 ยฑ 9.93 out of 72, and that of social support was 5.28 ยฑ 1.17 points out of 6. The anxiety and depression scores were 7.04 ยฑ 4.60 and 9.19 ยฑ 4.61, respectively, and the average score of ADL was 1.56 ยฑ 1.81. 3. The level of ADL had a statistically significant difference according to the main caregiver (F=3.147, p=0.028) and ADL levels were lower with more underlying disease(F=3.735, p=0.027), those with a history of neurological or psychiatric disease had lower levels of ADL than those without it(t=3.218, p=.002). 4. The higher the level of social support, the higher was the level of ADL(r=-.212, p=030). Further, the higher the anxiety (r=.303, p=.002) and depression (r=467, p<.001), the lower was the level of ADL. 5. In the enter method multiple linear regression analysis, the model explained 38.1% of the ADL(F=4.259, p<.001). The higher the depression of the elderly pulmonary disease patients, the lower was their level of ADL (ฮฒ=.425, p<.001), and the elderly patients without a history of neurological or psychiatric disease had higher levels of ADL than the elderly patients with it (ฮฒ=-.224, p=.024). These findings suggest that intervention based on depression and history of neurological or psychiatric disease should be involved in promoting ADL of elderly pulmonary disease patients preparing for discharge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of ADL in elderly pulmonary disease patients preparing for discharge and provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting ADL. In addition, the results of this study can be used as a fundamental information to assess the readiness for hospital discharge of the elderly pulmonary disease patients and improve the health - related quality of life by promoting ADL of the elderly.open์„

    Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature and Time on Sound Absorption Coefficient of Larix kaempferi Wood

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 8. ์—ฌํ™˜๋ช….๋ชฉ์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์–‘์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํƒ€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ๋น„๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์— ๊ณ ์˜จ์˜ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์ˆ˜์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์—†์ด๋„ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์žฌ์ƒ‰์˜ ์—ฐ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋‚ด์žฅ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํก์Œ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํก์Œ์€ ์Œ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ž‘์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํก์Œ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’์€ ํก์Œ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž”ํ–ฅ์‹ค๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋‚ด๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ๊ด€๋‚ด๋ฒ•์€ ์ž”ํ–ฅ์‹ค๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž”ํ–ฅ์‹ค๋ฒ•์€ ์Œ์˜ ํšŒ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์†Œ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž”ํ–ฅ์‹ค๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚™์—ฝ์†ก ํŒ์žฌ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜์œจ 15% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ๋‚™์—ฝ์†ก ํŒ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์žฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” 200 โ„ƒ, 220 โ„ƒ, 240 โ„ƒ ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ 9 ์‹œ๊ฐ„, 12 ์‹œ๊ฐ„, 15 ์‹œ๊ฐ„, 18 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„๋กœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํŒ์žฌ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž”ํ–ฅ์‹ค๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚™์—ฝ์†ก ํŒ์žฌ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ ํ‰๊ท  8%๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๊ท  49%๋กœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ด์‰ด๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต๊ทน๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ๋•Œ ํฌ์ด์‰ด๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์ด ๊ฑฐ์น ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์ด ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ„์ธต์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ํƒ€์ผ๋กœ์†Œ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋ฒฝ๊ณตํ์ƒ‰์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚™์—ฝ์†ก ํŒ์žฌ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋˜ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ์Œํ–ฅ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.Wood have various color and pattern, ease of processing, and high specific strength compared to other materials. So it have been used to interior material since olden times. Especially, heat treated wood, which is thermally modified wood at high temperature, increases in hydrophobicity and improves in its dimensional stability. So heat treated wood is attracting attention as new interior material. When heat treated wood is used as interior material, the sound absorption property should be considered. Sound absorption, which is a process to reduce the energy of sound, shows a variety of mechanisms in accordance with the properties of the material. Sound absorption coefficient is an indicator of the sound absorption. The sound absorption coefficient can be measured with impedance tube method and reverberation room method. The impedance tube method has advantages in ease of experiment, but it can measure only absorption coefficient of vertically incident sound wave. In comparison, the reverberation room method has possibility in effect of diffraction and effect of external noise, but it can measure absorption coefficient of sound wave in every direction. Thus, in this research, the reverberation room method was used to measure sound absorption coefficient of Larix kaempferi wood in accordance with heat treatment conditions. In this research, Larix kaempferi wood, which is kiln dried under 15% MC was heat treated at 200 โ„ƒ, 220 โ„ƒ and 240 โ„ƒ for 9, 12, 15 and 18 hours. And the sound absorption coefficient of the treated wood samples were measured at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 HZ, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz by using reverberation room method. According to results, the sound absorption coefficient increases with the treatment temperature and the treatment time. Especially, the increase rate of sound absorption coefficient of high frequency range was dramatic with 49%, compared to low frequency range with 8%. Sound absorption coefficient of porous materials, such as wood, are proportional to porosity and roughness of internal pore wall. At the low frequency range, the effect of roughness of internal pore wall is dominant because the sound wave propagates with form of poiseulle flow. In comparison, at the high frequency range, the effect of porosity is dominant because the form of poiseulle flow is collapsed. The increase of sound absorption coefficient at low frequency range is due to the roughness of internal pore wall increased. But, it is determined to the effect of heat treatment to increase of roughness of internal pore wall is slight, because the increase rate of sound absorption coefficient is low. The increase of sound absorption coefficient at high frequency range is due to the increase of porosity. And it is determined to the effect of heat treatment to increase of porosity is great, because the increase rate of sound absorption coefficient is high. Through this research, the effect of heat treatment on the sound absorption coefficients of Larix kaempferi wood was analyzed, and the cause was determined. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for future research related with the acoustic properties of heat-treated wood.์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์„œ๋ก  9 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 10 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  12 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ 13 2.1. ๋ชฉ์žฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ 14 2.1.1. ๋ชฉ์žฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์˜ 14 2.1.2. ๋ชฉ์žฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 14 2.2. ํก์Œ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ 18 2.2.1. ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 18 2.2.2. ์ž”ํ–ฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 20 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 22 3.1. ๊ณต์‹œ์žฌ๋ฃŒ 23 3.2. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 25 3.2.1. ๋ชฉ์žฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 25 3.2.2. ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ • 27 3.2.3. ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 35 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 39 4.1. ๋ชฉ์žฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 40 4.2. ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 47 4.3. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Œ€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํก์Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์›์ธ 66 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  72 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  73 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 75 6. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 76 Abstract 82Maste

    Kubelka-Munk ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์น˜๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งค์นญ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ์•ˆ์ง„์ˆ˜.์น˜๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ Shade guide๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ, ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ ๋†’๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์žฌํ˜„๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ Kubelka-Munk ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์•„ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน๊ณผ ์ฝ”์–ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งค์นญ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์–ด์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Lava ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์‚ญํ•˜์—ฌ 3mm ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ FS1, FS3, FS4 shade๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5๊ฐœ์”ฉ, Vintage ZR ํฌ์„ธ๋ฆฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1mm ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4 shade๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , spectrophotometer๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜์–€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰์„ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ Kubelka-Munk ์ด๋ก ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์ฝ”์–ด ์‹œํŽธ์œ„์— ํฌ์„ธ๋ฆฐ ์‹œํŽธ์ด ๋†“์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด 15๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ธก๋œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ๊ณผ CIE Lab ์ƒ‰์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์ตœ์ข… shade ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”์–ด์™€ ํฌ์„ธ๋ฆฐ shade ์กฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Kubelka-Munk ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์œจ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์‹œํŽธ ์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ฮ”E ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 1.94(ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ 0.41, ์ตœ์†Œ 1.42, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 2.66) ๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ •๋„์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์žฅ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์œจ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์•„์— Kubelka-Munk ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ผ์น˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. Shade guide ์™€ ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ฐจ์ด ฮ”E ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  5.95(ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ 0.61, ์ตœ์†Œ 4.98, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 6.64) ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. Shade guide ์™€ Kubelka-Munk ์ด๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ƒ‰์ƒ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ฮ”E ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  7.75 (ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ 0.56, ์ตœ์†Œ 6.99, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 8.48) ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 5 4. ๋…ผ์˜ 6 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  7 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 8 Abstract 19Maste

    The study of cranial fluctuating asymmetry in a Joseon Dynasty population

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ๋ฐ•์ˆœ์˜.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ผˆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์„ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์€ ์œ ์ „์ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ขŒ์šฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž์›(์˜์–‘๋ถ„)์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ž์›์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ผˆ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ผˆ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์™€ ์žฌ์กฐ์งํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€์˜ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€์˜ ์ขŒ์šฐ ๋Œ€์นญ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ๋ช… ์œ ์ง€์— ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์™„์ถฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚จ๋…€์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์–‘์œก๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘์›๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ด€์ค‘์ธ ์„œ์šธ โ€ข ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ 15์„ธ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ผˆ 77๊ฐœ์ฒด(๋‚จ์„ฑ 39๊ฐœ์ฒด, ์—ฌ์„ฑ 38๊ฐœ์ฒด)๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ณ„์ธกํ•™์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด 19๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธก์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธ์„ฑ์€ Morpho J 1.05e๋กœ ํ”„๋กœํฌ๋ฃจ์Šคํ…Œ์Šค ์ด์›๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ KESS๋กœ t-๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(๋‚จ: p<.0001์—ฌ: p=.3244). ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฎ๊ฐœ๋ผˆ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค(p<.0001). ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค(๋‚จ: p=.9409์—ฌ: p=.5724). ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์™„์ถฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋‚จ๋…€์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์–‘์œก๊ด€ํ–‰์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถœ์ƒ ํ›„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚จ๋…€์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์–‘์œก๊ด€ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋‚จ๋…€์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์–‘์œก๊ด€ํ–‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ชฉ์ฐจ 1. ์„œ๋ก  ----------------------------------------------------------1 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ --------------------------------------------------8 1) ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์™„์ถฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด ---------------------------8 โ‘  ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์™„์ถฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ------------------8 โ‘ก ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์™„์ถฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์›์ธ -----------10 2) FA์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ -----------------------------------------12 โ‘  ์ขŒ์šฐ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ํŠน์ง• ----------------------------12 โ‘ก FA์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์›์ธ๊ณผ FA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ----------------------------13 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ----------------------------------------------------15 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ----------------------------------------------------17 1) ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ณ„์ธกํ•™(geometric morphometrics) ----------17 2) ์ขŒํ‘œ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘-----------------------------------------------21 3) ์ขŒ์šฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•------------------------------22 4) ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ถ„์„---------------------------------------------------24 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ------------------------------------------------------25 6. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ-------------------------------------------------------------30 7. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„-----------------------------------------------------35 8. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์˜์˜--------------------------------------------35 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ-------------------------------------------------------------38 Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------51 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€------------------------------------------------------------54Maste

    ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค์ฒจ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ €์˜จ์†Œ๊ฒฐ (Mg[0.93]Ca[0.07])TiO[3]์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ ์œ ์ „ํŠน์„ฑ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2001.Maste

    High speed spectral domain PS-OCT system for clinical applications

    No full text
    ์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ด‘๊ฒฐ๋งž์Œ ๋‹จ์ธต์˜์ƒ์žฅ์น˜(Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT)๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ OCT์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ํ™•์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ํŽธ๊ด‘-๋ฏผ๊ฐ ๊ด‘๊ฒฐ๋งž์Œ ๋‹จ์ธต์˜์ƒ์žฅ์น˜(Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography, PS-OCT)๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ OCT์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํŽธ๊ด‘์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ์„ฌ์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ํŽธ๊ด‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ณต๊ตด์ ˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์ฒœ์ด, ๊ด‘ ์ถ• ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ PS-OCT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ(spectrometer) ๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ๊ด‘์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„์™€ ๊ณ ์† ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํš๋“ ์†๋„์˜ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์† ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์˜์—ญ PS-OCT์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(23,496 A-line/sec)์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์…‹์—… ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.์กด์Šค ํ–‰๋ ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹(Jones marix formalism) ๊ณผ ์Šคํ†ก์Šค ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(Stokes parameter) ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฅ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ(rat tail tendon)์˜ ๊ด‘ ๊ฐ•๋„(intensity), ๋ณต๊ตด์ ˆ(phase retardation), ๊ด‘ ์ถ•(optic axis orientation)์˜ 2์ฐจ์› ๋ฐ 3์ฐจ์› ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ex-vivo ๋กœ ํš๋“ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ๋™์ผ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์กด์Šค ํ–‰๋ ฌ๊ณผ ์Šคํ†ก์Šค ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ณต๊ตด์ ˆ(mean phase retardation) ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]restrictio

    Studies on the function of Mind bomb-1 in renal collecting duct development

    No full text
    Doctorํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€, ์ฑ„๋‚ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰, ์ „ํ•ด๋ฌผ, ์‚ฐ-์—ผ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์šด๋ช… ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” Notch ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€-๋ง๋‹จ (proximaldistal)์ถ• ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Notch์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์‹ ์žฅ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, Notch ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” E3 ์œ ๋น„ํ€ดํ‹ด ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด,Mind bomb-1 (Mib1)์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ค‘์ธ ์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‡จ๊ด€ ๋Œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํŠน์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ์ ์ถœ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ƒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์žฅ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€์—์„œ Mib1์ด ์†์‹ค๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ์ƒ์ฅ๋Š” ์‹ ์žฅ์„ฑ ์š”๋ถ•์ฆ (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค,์ฆ‰, ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์š”๋†๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ฆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ƒ์ฅ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์š”๋†์ถ•์žฅ์•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์†Œ๋ชจ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์š”์„ธํฌ(principal cell)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ด์„ธํฌ (intercalated cell)๊ฐ€ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ƒ์ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€์—์„œ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์€, ์ด์‹์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Notch์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์ „๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š”์„ธํฌ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, Notch ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š”์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Notch ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์‹ ์žฅ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ์š”์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜”์œผ๋ฉฐ,์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ง๋‹จ ์„ธ๋‡จ๊ด€ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.The heterogeneous cellular composition of the mammalian renal collecting ductenables the fine regulation of fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base homeostasis, butthe molecular mechanism of renal collecting duct development has yet to beelucidated. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in cell fate determinationand has been implicated in proximal-distal patterning in the mammalian kidney.To investigate the role of Notch signaling in renal collecting duct development,we generated mice in which Mind bomb-1 (Mib1), an essential E3 ubiquitinligase for the activation of Notch signaling, was specifically deleted in theureteric bud of the developing kidney. Mice lacking Mib1 in the renal collectingduct displayed increased urinary production, decreased urinary osmolality, andprogressive hydronephrosis, manifested as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.These mutant mice have sodium wasting phenotype as well as severe urinaryconcentrating defect due to the disrupted cellular composition of the renalcollecting ductthe number of principal cells was diminished, while the number of intercalated cells was increased dramatically. Intriguingly, transgenicoverexpression of Notch intracellular domain reversed the altered cellularcomposition of mutant renal collecting duct, with principal cells occupying theentire renal collecting duct, demonstrating that activation of Notch signaling iscritical for principal cell differentiation. Our study is the first to show that Notchsignaling is required for the development of the mammalian renal collecting ductand can be implicated in distal renal tubular disorders
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore