Hepatobronchial Fistula and Lung Abscess after Transarterial Chemoembolization

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a common treatment modality to locally manage hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver abscess and bile duct injury are common complications of TACE. However, hepatobronchial fistula is a rare complication. Herein, we report a case of lung abscess due to hepatobronchial fistula after TACE. A 67-year-old man, who had underwent TACE 6 months ago, presented cough and bile-colored sputum. He was diagnosed with lung abscess and hepatobronchial fistula. We performed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; however, there was no improvement in his symptoms. Thereafter, partial hepatectomy and repair of fistula were successively conducted.ope

Clinical Significance of Revised Banff Criteria in the Diagnosis of Antibody-Mediated Rejection

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic criteria of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) has been significantly changed since Banff 2013. The most important revision was adopting microvascular inflammation (MVI) as immunopathologic evidence for ABMR even in C4d-negative cases. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed previous allograft biopsy results and evaluated the impact of this change. METHODS: We reviewed results of 536 renal allograft biopsies at Severance Hospital during 2011 to 2013, which were diagnosed according to the Banff 2009 criteria. All biopsy results were reassessed according to the Banff 2017 criteria. RESULTS: According to the Banff 2009 criteria, antibody-mediated changes were observed in 48 cases out of the 536 allograft biopsies (9.0%). According to the Banff 2017 criteria, 28 additional cases (5.2%) were reclassified as antibody-mediated changes. Twenty-six of these cases were C4d-negative ABMR. The most frequent diagnostic finding in these cases was MVI comprising glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis. Donor-specific antibodies were investigated in 14 of these cases, which revealed positive results in 12 cases. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of ABMR has increased after the recent revision of the Banff criteria. The MVI in C4d-negative ABMR cases is the major cause for this increase.ope

The value of phosphohistone H3 as a proliferation marker for evaluating invasive breast cancers: A comparative study with Ki67

BACKGROUND: Established measurements of proliferation in breast cancer are Ki67 and mitotic-activity-index (MAI), with problems in reproducibility and prognostic accuracy. Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3), a relatively novel IHC marker is specific for mitosis with good reproducibility. We hypothesized that PHH3 would be more reproducible and better represent proliferation than Ki67. RESULTS: PHH3 identified easily-missed mitosis by MAI, as demonstrated by upgrading M grade at diagnosis (n = 29/218, evenly distributed). PHH3 accurately found hot-spots, supported by mitotic count agreement between low-power and 10HPFs (R2 = 0.999; P = 0.001). PHH3 was more reproducible than Ki67, measured by five-rater inter-class correlation coefficient (0.904 > 0.712; P = 0.008). Finally, despite a relatively short follow-up (median 46 months; 7 recurrences) PHH3 was the only variable correlated with disease-free survival (P = 0.043), while all other conventional clinicopathologic variables, including Ki67 (P = 0.356), did not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared Ki67 and PHH3 for 218 breast cancer surgical cases diagnosed from 2012 to 2013 at Severance hospital. The most representative invasive breast cancer surgical slides were immunohistochemically stained for Ki67 and PHH3. CONCLUSIONS: Poor reproducibility and inadequate representation of proliferation of Ki67 and MAI may be improved by PHH3, allowing better accuracy in breast cancer diagnostics.ope

Successful kidney transplantation across a positive complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch by using C1q assay-directed, bortezomib-assisted desensitization: A case report.

RATIONALE: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the major immunologic barrier in kidney transplantation (KT). Various desensitization protocols to overcome the HLA barrier have increased the opportunity for transplantation in sensitized patients. In addition, technological advances in solid-phase assays have permitted more comprehensive assessment of donor-specific antibodies. Although various desensitization therapies and immunologic techniques have been developed, the final transplantation decision is still based on the classic complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatch (XM) technique. Some patients who fail to achieve negative XM have lost their transplant opportunities, even after receiving sufficient desensitization therapies. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 57-year-old male with end-stage renal disease secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis was scheduled to have a second transplant from his son, but CDC XM was positive. DIAGNOSES: Initial CDC XM (Initial T-AHG 1:32) and flow-cytometry XM were positive. Anti-HLA-B59 donor specific antibody was detected by Luminex single antigen assay. INTERVENTIONS: Herein, we report a successful case of KT across a positive CDC XM (T-AHG 1:8 at the time of transplantation) by using C1q assay-directed, bortezomib-assisted desensitization. After confirming a negative conversion in the C1q donor-specific antibody, we decided to perform KT accepting a positive AHG-CDC XM of 1:8 at the time of transplantation. OUTCOMES: The posttransplant course was uneventful and a protocol biopsy at 3 months showed no evidence of rejection. The patient had excellent graft function at 12 months posttransplant. LESSONS: The results of XM test and solid-phase assay should be interpreted in the context of the individual patient.ope

오차들이 상관관계가 있는 경우 이차 반응표면 회귀모형에서의 기울기 회전성

Theses(doctoral)--서울대학교 대학원 :통계학과,2005.Docto

Concurrent Post-Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus in Renal Allograft Recipients With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of post-transplantation immunoglobulin A nephropathy (PTIgAN) and diabetes mellitus (PTDM) increases with time after transplantation, and recognition and management of these conditions is becoming more important in renal allograft recipients as graft survival increases. METHODS: We explored the influence of concurrent PTDM on renal allograft histology and function in 111 cases with PTIgAN diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 at our institution. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (14.4%) had PTDM at the time of diagnosis of PTIgAN, which increased to 28 patients (25.2%) at the last follow-up (10.4 years after transplantation). Donor ages were younger in PTIgAN patients with concurrent PTDM. However, other clinical and demographic data were not significantly different between PTIgAN patients with and without PTDM. Histologically, Banff "mm" scores were higher and "M1" of the Oxford classification was more frequent in PTIgAN patients with concurrent PTDM than in patients without PTDM, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Serum creatinine levels and proteinuria at the time of biopsy and overall graft survival did not vary according to the presence of PTDM both at biopsy and at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent PTDM does not significantly influence graft function or outcome for 10 years after transplantation in PTIgAN patients.restrictio