19 research outputs found
Retinal Detachment with Macular Hole Following Combined Photodynamic Therapy and Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection
Purpose: To report a case of retinal detachment with a macular hole following photodynamic therapy (PDT) using verteporfin and intravtreal bevacizumab injection in the treatment of myopic choroidal neovasclarization (CNV). Methods: A 58 -year-old woman was diagnosed with myopic CNV and treated with a combination of PDT with verteporfin and intravitreal bevacizumab injection that same day. She received the second injection of intravitreal bevacizumab four weeks after the initial treatment. Results: The patient developed a sudden decline in vision one week after the second injection; and was subsequently diagnosed with retinal detachment associated with a macular hole. She underwent standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling, fluid-air exchange and silicone oil injection. The retina was still firmly attached at the patient`s final follow-up visit. Conclusions: PDT and intravitreal bevacizumab injection used for the treatment of myopic CNV can be associated with retinal detachment with a macular hole. Patients need to be informed about this potential complication, and a higher index of suspicion may be warranted in patients who report sudden vision loss after the treatment.ope
๋น๋จ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ข ์์ ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ์ด์ ์ ํ ๋ ผ๋ญํ ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋ณํฉ์๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ฐ๋ด ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ ํจ๊ณผ
Dept. of Medicine/์์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ข
์ ๋น๋จ๋ณ ํ์์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํํ ์๋ ฅ ์ ํ์ ์์ธ์ด๋ค.1 ๊ตญ์/๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ์ด์ ์น๋ฃ๋ ๋น๋จ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ข
์ ์น๋ฃ์ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์
์ฆ๋ ์น๋ฃ๋ฒ์ด๋ 17%์์๋ง์ด ์๋ ฅ์ ํธ์ ์ด ์์ผ๋ฉฐ 3์ค ์ด์์ ์๋ ฅ ํธ์ ์ด ์์๋ ๊ตฐ์ 3%์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ ๋ฐ ์๋ค.2-4 ๋ํ, ํ์ฐ ๋ถ์ข
์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ข
์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๋ ์ด์ ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ง ์๋ ํ์๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ง์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ด ๋น๋จ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ข
์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น๋ฃ๋ฒ์ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค.๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ ํฅ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ก์ 40์ 33๋ช
์ ํ์ฐ ๋ถ์ข
์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ๋น๋จ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ข
ํ์์ ์น๋ฃ์์ ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ์ด์ ์ ํํ
๋
ผ๋ญํ ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ์ฃผ์ฌ์ ๋ณํฉ ์๋ฒ (Posterior Subtenon Injection ๊ตฐ)๊ณผ ์ ๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ฐ๋ด ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ์ฃผ์
์ (IVTA ๊ตฐ)์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. ์ด 20์์์ ๊ฒฉ์๋ ์ด์ ์ ํํ
๋
ผ๋ญํ ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ๋ณํฉ ์๋ฒ์ ์ํํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋๋จธ์ง 20์์์ ์ ๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ฐ๋ด ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ์ฃผ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ ํ์์์ ์์ ์ ๊ณผ ์์ ํ 1, 3, 6 ๊ฐ์์ Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) ์ฐจํธ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ต๋ ๊ต์ ์๋ ฅ๊ณผ Opticcal coherence tomography 3 (OCT3)๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ค์ฌ ํฉ๋ฐ๋ถ ๋๊ป (central macular thickness)์ ์ด ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถํผ (total macular volume)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค.์์ ์ ETDRS ์ ์๋ Posterior Subtenon Injection ๊ตฐ์์ 25.15 ยฑ 13.56 (mean ยฑ SD) ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ IVTA ๊ตฐ์์๋ 21.70 ยฑ 16.28 ๊ฐ์๋ค. ETDRS ์ ์๋ ์์ ํ Posterior Subtenon Injection ๊ตฐ์์ 1, 3, 6 ๊ฐ์์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 33.20 ยฑ15.91, 34.65 ยฑ 16.59 and 30.90 ยฑ 19.07 ๊ฐ์์ผ๋ฉฐ IVTA ๊ตฐ์์ 30.95 ยฑ 15.36, 30.05 ยฑ 17.91, 31.50 ยฑ 14.98 ๊ฐ์๋ค. ์์ ์ ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ๋ ๊ตฐ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์๋ฏธ์๋ ์๋ ฅ ์์น์ด ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด์ฐฐ ์์ ์์ ๋ ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ์์๋ค. ์ค์ฌ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋๊ป๋ Posterior Subtenon Injection ๊ตฐ์์ ์์ ์ ๊ณผ ์์ ํ 1, 3, 6๊ฐ์์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 382.80 ยฑ 148.26, 309.14 ยฑ 131.32, 319.25 ยฑ 93.31, 340.40 ยฑ 123.50 µm (mean ยฑ SD) ์์ผ๋ฉฐ IVTA ๊ตฐ์์๋ 369.05 ยฑ 123.09, 241.42 ยฑ 52.34, 277.47 ยฑ 137.36, 290.21 ยฑ 127.93 µm ์๋ค. ๋ ๊ตฐ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์์ ์ ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์์ ํ ์๋ฏธ์๋ ์ค์ฌ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋๊ป์ ๊ฐ์ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ณด์๋ค. ๋ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ์์ ํ 1๊ฐ์์ IVTA ๊ตฐ์์ ๋ ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ์ ์ฐจ ์ค์ด๋ค์ด 3๊ฐ์ ์ดํ์๋ ๋ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ์์๋ค. ํฉ๋ณ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ์๋ IVTA ๊ตฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์์ ํ 1๊ฐ์์ ์๋ฏธ์๋ ์์ ์์น์ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ฉฐ 20์ ์ค 3์ (15%)์์ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์น๋ฃ๊ฐ ํ์ํ ์์ ์์น์ ๋ณด์๋ค. ๋ํ ์์ ํ 6๊ฐ์์ ์๋ฏธ์๋ ํ๊ท ๋ฐฑ๋ด์ฅ ์ ์์ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด์๋ค.๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ์ด์ ์ ํํ
๋
ผ๋ญํ ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ์ฃผ์ฌ ๋ณํฉ์๋ฒ์ ํ์ฐ ๋์ถ์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ๋น๋จ ํฉ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ข
์ ์น๋ฃ์์ ์์ ํ 6๊ฐ์๊น์ง ์ ๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ฐ๋ด ํธ๋ฆฌ์์๋๋ก ์ฃผ์ฌ์ ๋น์ทํ ์น๋ฃ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ ํฉ๋ณ์ฆ์ ๋ณ๋ฐ ๋น๋๋ ๋ ์ ์๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]Diabetic macular edema(DME) is the major cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients.1 Focal/grid laser photocoagulation has been a standard of care for DME but only 17% of eyes had any improvement in visual acuity, and less than 3% had a visual improvement of 3 or more ETDRS lines after laser treatments.2-4 Moreover, a significant number of patients with diabetic macular edema, especially diffuse types, remains refractory to focal or grid laser treatments, which has driven many investigators to seek for alternative treatments for the management of DME.This study is to prospectively compare the efficacy of posterior sub-Tenonโs capsule triamcinolone injection combined with modified grid macular photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone injection (IVTA) in the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME).This sigle-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial included thirty-three patients (40 eyes) with diffuse DME. A total of 20 eyes received posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone combined with modified grid macular photocoagulation and the second group of 20 eyes, IVTA. The main outcome measures were Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity (VA) scores, changes in central macular thickness and total macular volume measured by optical coherence tomography 3 (OCT3).The ETDRS scores at baseline were 25.15 ยฑ 13.56 (mean ยฑ SD) letters in the Posterior Subtenon Injection group and 21.70 ยฑ 16.28 letters in the IVTA group. The ETDRS scores significantly improved at 1,3 and 6 months after the treatments by 33.20 ยฑ15.91, 34.65 ยฑ 16.59 and 30.90 ยฑ 19.07 letters in the Posterior Subtenon Injection group vs 30.95 ยฑ 15.36, 30.05 ยฑ 17.91 and 31.50 ยฑ 14.98 letters in the IVTA group, respectively (no statistically significant difference between two groups). The central macular thickness at baseline and 1,3,6 after the treatments were 382.80 ยฑ 148.26, 309.14 ยฑ 131.32, 319.25 ยฑ 93.31, 340.40 ยฑ 123.50 µm (mean ยฑ SD) in the Posterior Subtenon Injection group vs 369.05 ยฑ 123.09, 241.42 ยฑ 52.34, 277.47 ยฑ 137.36, 290.21 ยฑ 127.93 µm in the IVTA group, respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant at 1 month (more decrease in the IVTA group) but no longer significant after 3 months. The IVTA group was associated with significant elevation of IOP at 1month with 3 of 20 eyes (15%) having elevated IOP comparing with baseline values and showed a significant increase in average cataract grading compared with the Posterior Subtenon Injection group.In conclusion, posterior sub-Tenonโs capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection combined with modified grid laser photocoagulation provides significant improvement in vision over 6 months and achieves comparable outcomes to IVTA with fewer complications in treatment of diffuse DME.ope
Biological characteristics of cervical carcinoma cell lines according to human papillomavirus infection
์ํ๊ณผ/๋ฐ์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]
์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์์ ์์ธ์ ์ธ์ ๋์ข
๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค(human papillomavirus: HPV)๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๊ณ , ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)๋ ๋์ฅ์ ๋ฑ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์์ข
์์ ๋ฐ์, ํ๊ด ์ ์, ์ข
์ ์นจ์ค, ์ ์ด๋ ์ํฌํ ์์ค ๊ณผ์ ๋ฑ์ ๊ด์ฌํ๋ ์ค์ํ ์ธ์๋ก, ๋๋ ์ํ์ธ์๋ก ํ๋ฐํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ ํ์ COX-2 ์ ํด์ ๋ฅผ ๋์ฅ์์ ์๋ฐฉ์ ๋ก์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ค๋ ์๋๋ค๋ ์๋ ๋ฑ ์ข
์๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ COX-2์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ํ๋ฐํ ์งํ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ต๊ทผ COX-2 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ ๋ณด์ด๋ ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์์ ์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ๋๋ฏ๋ก ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์์์ COX-2์ ๋ฐํ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณผ COX-2 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ด ์ด๋ค ์๋ฌผํ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง๋์ง์ ๋ํด ๊ด์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ฒ ๋์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋ช๊ฐ์ง ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์ HPV ๋ฐ COX-2์ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ ์๋ฌผํ์ ์ฑ์ง ๋ฐ ํญ์์ ์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ํ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. ๋จผ์ HPV ์ํ ๊ฐ์ผ ๋ฐ COX-2 ๋ฐํ๋๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ์ฌ ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฅํ๊ณ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ค์ ๋ช๊ฐ์ง ์๋ฌผํ์ ํน์ฑ๋ค์ ํ์
ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ํญ์์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ข
์ ์ธํฌ์ ๋ฐ์๋๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ์ฌ ์๋ฌผํ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์๊ณ , Human cDNA microarray๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ฌ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ์ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์๋์ง, COX-2์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ํน์ด ์ ์ ์์ ๋ฐํ ์์์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ป์๋ค.
1. DNA chip์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ 4๊ฐ์ง ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ ์ธ์ ๋์ข
๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์ํ์ ํ์ธํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ HeLa๋ HPV 18 ์์ฑ, SiHa์ CaSki๋ HPV 16 ์์ฑ์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ C33A๋ HPV ์์ฑ์ด์๋ค.
2. ๊ฐ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ COX-2 ๋ฐํ์ ์กฐ์ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ HPV ์์ฑ์ธ HeLa, SiHa, CaSki ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์๋ COX-2 ๋ฐํ์ด ์์ฑ์ด์์ผ๋ HPV ์์ฑ์ธ C33A ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์๋ COX-2 ๋ฐํ์ด ์ ํ ์์๋ค.
3. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ ๋๋ก ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ค์ HPV ๋ฐ COX-2์ ์์ฑ, ์์ฑ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅํ์ฌ ์ข
์ ์ธํฌ์ ์๋ฌผํ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ์๋ค. ์ข
์์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ์๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ธํฌ์ ์ด๋๋ฅ์์๋ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์ด ๋น์ทํ์์ผ๋, ์์ฒด์ธ ์ง๋ฝ ํ์ฑ๋ฅ(colony forming activity)์์๋ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค. HeLa, SiHa, CaSki ๋ฑ HPV ๋ฐ COX-2 ์์ฑ์ธ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์๋ ์ง๋ฝ์ด ํ์ฑ๋์์ผ๋ HPV ๋ฐ COX-2 ์์ฑ์ธ C33A ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์๋ ์ง๋ฝ์ด ํ์ฑ๋์ง ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, MMP-2 ๋ฐํ์์๋ HPV ๋ฐ COX-2 ์์ฑ์ธ 3๊ฐ์ง ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์๋ MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase) ๋ฐํ์ด ์์ฑ์ด์์ผ๋ C33A ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ ์์ฑ์ด์๋ค.
4. ๊ฐ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ ๋ํด cisplatin๊ณผ 5-FU ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ํญ์์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์กฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ฌ MTT assay๋ฅผ ์ํํ์์ ๋ HPV ๋ฐ COX-2 ๋ฐํ ์์ฑ์ธ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์์ฑ์ธ C33A ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์ ํญ์์ ํฌ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ธํฌ์ ์์กด์ด ๊ฐ์ํ์๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ๋ํด์๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ธํฌ ์ฑ์ฅ์ด ์ง์ฐ๋จ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
5. cDNA microarray๋ก ๊ฐ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋ฐํํ๋ ์ ์ ์๊ตฐ์ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ HPV์ COX-2์ ์์ฑ์ธ C33A ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ ๋๋จธ์ง 3๊ฐ์ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ง๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅ๋จ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, C33A์ ํน์ดํ๊ฒ ๋ฐํ๋๋ ์ ์ ์๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ด ๋ค์ํ์์ผ๋ COX-2 ์ ํธ ์ ๋ฌ ๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ์๋ EGF (epidermal growth factor), EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) ๋ฐ MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), ras oncogene family์ ์ํ๋ RAB ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ฐ์๋์ด ์์๊ณ , ์ข
์์ ์นจ์ต์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ ์๋ MMP-2์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ฐ์๋์ด ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ๋๋ก ์ ์ด ์ต์ ์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ cadherin-18์ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ๋์ด ์์๋ค.
์ด์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ฝํ๋ฉด HPV์ COX-2 ์์ฑ์ธ C33A ์๊ถ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ ๋นํด HPV ๋ฐ COX-2 ์์ฑ์ธ ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ค์ ์ข
์์ ์ธํฌ์ธ ์ง๋ฝ ํ์ฑ๋ฅ๊ณผ ์นจ์ค์ฑ์ด ๋ ๊ฐํ๊ณ ํญ์์ ๋ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ง ์๋ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์๋ฌผํ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํ์ธํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ํฅํ ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฐฉ, ์ง๋จ, ๋ฐ ์น๋ฃ์์ COX-2์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ๋๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ด ์๋ฃ๋ก ์ ์ฉํ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]It is well known that specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the principal etiologic agents for cervical cancer. Several articles have reported that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is a significant foctor that is closely related to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, metastases and apoptosis and is an important prognostic factor in many cancers including colorectal carcinomas. Also there are several reports that the risk of colorectal carcinoma was reduced with the use of the COX-2 inhibitor in familial adenomatous polyposis. Recent several studies reported the significant relationship between the COX-2 overexpression and poor prognosis in cervical carcinomas. So we got interests in the mechanism of COX-2 expression, its biological characteristics and the relation between COX-2 and unfavorable treatment results in the cervical carcinomas. In this study, we analyzed the several biologic features of four cervical carcinoma cell lines according to HPV infection and COX-2 positivity. We also analysed the expression of gene profiles of four cell lines using cDNA microarray, especially genes related to COX-2 signaling pathway. The following results were obtained.
1. The results of HPV typing by DNA chip in the cervical carcinoma cell lines are followings: HeLa: HPV 18( ), SiHa: HPV 16( ), CaSki: HPV 16( ), C33A: HPV( )
2. The expression of COX-2 protein in three HPV positive cell lines were up-regulated but was down-regulated in HPV negative C33A cell line. Based on these results, we classified four cervical carcinoma cell lines into HPV( )/COX-2( ) versus HPV( )/COX-2( ) cell lines.
3. We evaluated the biological characteristics of four cervical carcinoma cell lines including cell growth, cell motility, in-vitro colony forming activity, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). There were no differences between the cell growth rate and motility but there were significant differences in in-vitro colony forming activity and overexpression of MMP-2 among HPV( )/COX-2( ) cell lines and HPV( )/COX-2( ) cell line.
4. Also we evaluated the sensitivities of cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin and 5-FU) and radiation by MTT assay. HPV( )/COX-2( ) C33A cell line was significantly sensitive to both chemotherapeutic agents and radiation than the other 3 cell lines.
5. We analysed the gene expression profiles of four cell lines using cDNA microarray. The data revealed that HPV( )/COX-2( ) C33A cell line showed significantly different expression of gene profiles in comparison to other three HPV( )/COX-2( ) cell lines. COX-2 protein related genes among the significant genes were specified as followings. Expression of EGF, EGFR, MAPK, RAB, MMP-2 were down-regulated, and cadherin-18 was up-regulated in C33A cell line.
By these results, three HPV( )/COX-2( ) cervical carcinoma cell lines have invasive and aggressive biologic features and they are not sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. And HPV( )
COX-2( ) C33A cell line had less aggressive, relatively chemosensitive and radiosensitive nature than HPV( )/COX-2( ) cell lines. We suggest that these findings can be used usefully as basic information in further studies of COX-2 in chemoprevention, diagnosis and treatment in cervical carcinoma.ope
Promoter demethylation and expression of MAGE-A1, A2, A3 in gastric cancer
Thesis(master`s)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ํ๊ณผ ๋ณ๋ฆฌํ์ ๊ณต,2004.Maste
๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ ๋๋ ์คํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๋ง ์ ์ํ๊ด ๋ง์ฐ์ค ๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋ก ํฌ์ฌ๋ ์๋ผํ๋์
Dept. of Medicine/๋ฐ์ฌ[์๋ฌธ]
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is known to be the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in patients with age-related macular degeneration. A variety of preclinical and clinical studies suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central player in pathologic neovascularization in the eye. Although VEGF clearly has a central role in the development of neovascular diseases, other growth factor pathways, including those that signal through additional receptor tyrosine kinases, such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), have also been implicated in neovascularization and ocular diseases. Sorafenib (Nexavarยฎ, Bay-43-9006, Bayer Schering Pharma, Germany) is a novel multikinase inhibitor that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. In addition to Raf kinases, several other kinases, including VEGFR2, VEGFR3 and PDGFR-ฮฒ, are inhibited by sorafenib.This study is to explore the anti-angiogenic properties of sorafenib in an animal model of CNV. Sorafenib or vehicle was administered orally to female C57BL/6 mice at the onset (day 0) of experiments. CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation the following day. After 14 days, mice were perfused with fluorescein-labeled dextran, and the area of CNV was measured on choroidal flat mounts by image analysis. In some groups of mice, treatments were started 7 days after the laser photocoagulation to determine the effect of the agent on established CNV. Expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in choroidal tissues was measured by Western-blot analysis to demonstrate the kinase inhibitory effect of sorafenib in intracellular signaling pathways involved in CNV formation. Sorafenib significantly reduced the extent of CNV in a dose-dependent manner. The area of CNV was reduced by 43% in the 30ยญmg?kg 1?day 1 group and by 61% in the 60-mg?kg 1?day 1 group compared with vehicle-treated controls (both P < 0.0001). Oral administration of sorafenib also caused significant regression of established CNV. The area of CNV was reduced by 59% in the 30-mg?kg 1?day 1 group and by 66% in the 60ยญmg?kg 1?day 1 group compared with both baseline and control measurements (P < 0.0001). The expression of p-ERK in choroidal tissues was increased within 1 day of laser photocoagulation and remained elevated for 2 weeks. The expression of p-ERK was suppressed by sorafenib.In conclusion, the current study showed that oral administration of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib significantly suppressed the development of laser-induced CNV and caused regression of established CNV in mice. Sorafenib interferes with multiple pro-angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR 2, PDGFR-ฮฒ and Raf kinase, and thus holds promise for the treatment of CNV in clinical settings.ope
๊ตญ๋ด ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข ์ฌ์ ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค ์์ค๊ณผ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ฐํธ๋ํ ๊ฐํธํ๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์ตํฌ์น.๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์์ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ๋ค์ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ ์ํ๋ฅผ ํ์
ํ๊ณ ์ด์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค, ๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์, ์ง๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง, ์กฐ์ง ์ง์ ์ธ์์ ๋ํด ์ดํด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํ ์์ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋์์๋ ์ผ๊ฐ ํญ๊ณต์ฌ์ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์๋ฃ์์ง์ 2017๋
3์๋ถํฐ 6์๊น์ง๋ก ์จ๋ผ์ธ ์ค๋ฌธ์ ํตํด ์งํ๋์๋ค. ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค ์ฒ๋(21๋ฌธํญ), ๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์ ์ฒ๋(16๋ฌธํญ), ์ง๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง ์ฒ๋(8๋ฌธํญ), ์กฐ์ง ์ง์ ์ธ์ ์ฒ๋(8๋ฌธํญ), ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋
๊ฐ ์ฒ๋(8๋ฌธํญ), ์ฐ์ธ, ๋ถ์, ๋ถ๋
ธ ์ฒ๋(21๋ฌธํญ)๊ฐ ์ค๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์๋ค. ์จ๋ผ์ธ ์ค๋ฌธ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ๋ ์ด 131๋ช
์ด์๋ค. ์๋ฃ๋ถ์์ SPSS 18.0 ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ด์ฉํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ ํต๊ณ ๋ฐ t-test, ANOVA, ์๊ด๋ถ์, ๋ค์ค์ ํํ๊ท, ์๊ณ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๊ท๋ถ์์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๋์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ์ ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค, ๊ด์ฌ์ ๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์, ์ง๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง, ์กฐ์ง ์ง์ ์ธ์๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋
๊ฐ์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค(.09 โค r โค .58, p<.001). ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ์ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ ์ํ๋ ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค๊ฐ ๋ฎ์์๋ก, ๊ด์ฌ์ ๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์ ์์ค์ด ๋์์๋ก, ์ง๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง ์ ๋๊ฐ ๋์์๋ก ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค(p<.001). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฐ์ธ, ๋ถ์, ๋ถ๋
ธ ์์ค์ ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์ ์๊ด์ ๋ณด์๋ค(p<.001). ์ผ๋ฐ์ธ์ ํ๊ท ๋ณด๋ค ๋์ ์ฐ์ธ, ๋ถ์, ๋ถ๋
ธ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ธ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 8.4%, 6.1%, 1.5%์๋ค. ํ๊ท๋ถ์์ ์ค์ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค, ๊ด์ฌ์ ๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์, ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋
๊ฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ์ด ๋ณ์ธ๋ค์ด ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋
๊ฐ์ ๋ณ๋์ 47.3% ์ค๋ช
ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ฐ์ธ, ๋ถ์, ๋ถ๋
ธ์ ๊ณตํต์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์ํฅ์ ์ค ๋ณ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค์๋ค.
์ด์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข
ํฉํ์ฌ ๋ณผ ๋, ๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค, ๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์, ์ง๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง, ์กฐ์ง ์ง์ ์ธ์์ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ์ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ํ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋ ์ฒซ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ๋ํด ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด์ฌ์ ์ด๊ตฌํ์๋ค๋๋ฐ ์์๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ด๋ก ์ถํ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ ์ง๋จ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ฆ์ง ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ด ์ ๊ณต๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ค.I.์ ๋ก 1
1.์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ 1
2.์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ 4
3.์ฉ์ด์ ์ ์ 5
II.๋ฌธ ํ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9
1.๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค 9
2.๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์ 13
3.์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง 17
4.์กฐ์ง ์ง์ ์ธ์ 20
5.์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ 22
III.์ด๋ก ์ ๊ธฐํ 26
1.๊ฐ๋
์ ๊ธฐํ 26
IV.์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 28
1.์ฐ๊ตฌ์ค๊ณ 28
2.์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์ 28
3.์ฐ๊ตฌ๋๊ตฌ 29
4.์๋ฃ ์์ง 33
5.์๋ฃ ๋ถ์ 34
V.์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 35
1.์ผ๋ฐ์ ํน์ฑ 35
2.์ฃผ์ ๋ณ์์ ํน์ฑ 38
3.์ฃผ์ ๋ณ์๋ค๊ฐ์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ 41
4.๋ฌธํ์ ์์คํธ๋ ์ค, ๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์, ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง๊ฐ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ 43
5.๋์ฒ๋ฐฉ์๊ณผ ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง, ์กฐ์ง ์ง์ ์ธ์์ ์กฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ 47
VI.๋
ผ์ 49
VII.๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ฐ ์ ์ธ 55
์ฐธ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ ํ 57
๋ถ ๋ก 81
Abstract 98Maste
๋ช ๋ นํ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ณผ๋ฆญ ๊ทธ๋ํ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๋ฅ๋ฌ๋ ์ํ ๋ฐฉ์์ ํตํฉ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2021. 2. ์ ๋ณ๊ณค.The rapid evolution of deep neural networks is demanding deep learning (DL) frameworks not only to satisfy the requirement of quickly executing large computations, but also to support straightforward programming models for quickly implementing and experimenting with complex network structures. However, existing frameworks fail to excel in both departments simultaneously, leading to diverged efforts for optimizing performance and improving usability.
This thesis presents systems to unify two existing paradigms in current deep learning frameworks, symbolic and imperative, to achieve the performance and programmability at the same time. First we present Janus, a system that combines the advantages from both sides by transparently converting an imperative DL program written in Python, the de-facto scripting language for DL, into an efficiently executable symbolic dataflow graph. Janus can convert various dynamic features of Python, including dynamic control flow, dynamic types, and impure functions, into elements of a symbolic dataflow graph.
Next, we propose Terra, an imperative-symbolic co-execution framework for imperative DL programs. As the usability of deep learning (DL) framework is getting more important, the imperative programming model has become an essential part of recent DL frameworks. However, optimizing individual operations in imperative programs has limited opportunities compared to optimizing them as a group in a symbolic graph format. Still, existing approaches that convert imperative DL programs into optimized symbolic graphs cannot provide a general solution due to their limited program coverage. Terra decouples the actual computation of DL operations from imperative programs and converts the DL operations into an optimized graph. Then the optimized graph and the skeleton imperative program are executed at the same time in a complementary manner to each other, so that we can achieve high performance of optimized graph execution while supporting the whole semantics of the original imperative program.
Among various DL models, we additionally delve into recursive neural networks (TreeNNs), which are important yet highly challenging to be represented as DL graphs. We introduce new DL abstractions, SubGraph and InvokeOp, which naturally capture any tree- or graph-like structure of the input data as DL graph elements. Then, we present our underlying system that supports the automatic differentiation of the abstractions and efficiently executes TreeNNs by running InvokeOps in parallel.
We implemented a system using the proposed Janus architecture, which additionally exploits recursive DL abstractions. Our evaluation show that Janus can achieve fast DL training by exploiting the techniques imposed by symbolic graph-based DL frameworks, while maintaining the simple and flexible programmability of imperative DL frameworks at the same time.Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Challenges 2
1.3 Contribuiton 2
1.4 Organization 4
Chapter 2 Background 5
2.1 Symbolic Graph Definition and Execution 5
2.2 Imperative Graph Definition and Execution 6
2.3 Executionmodelsof Imperative Programs 6
2.3.1 Python-oriented approaches 7
2.3.2 Graph-oriented approaches 8
Chapter 3 Speculative Graph Generation and Execution 10
3.1 Motivation 10
3.1.1 Challenges in Graph Generation 10
3.1.2 Related Works 14
3.2 Proposed Solution: Speculative Graph Generation and Execution 16
3.3 Janus System Design 17
3.3.1 Fast Path for Common Cases 19
3.3.2 Accurate Path for Rare Cases 20
3.4 Symbolic Graph Generation 21
3.4.1 Graph Generation Basics 22
3.4.2 Dynamic Features 24
3.4.3 Python Syntax Coverage 32
3.4.4 Imperative-Only Features 32
3.5 Implementation 34
3.6 Evaluation 35
3.6.1 Experimental Setup 35
3.6.2 Model Convergence 38
3.6.3 Training Throughput 39
3.7 Summary 43
Chapter 4 Imperative-Symbolic Co-Execution 44
4.1 Motivation 44
4.1.1 Limitations of Existing Approaches 44
4.1.2 Motivating Example 46
4.1.3 Proposing Solution 46
4.2 Terra Overview 47
4.3 System Design 49
4.3.1 Graph Merging 49
4.3.2 Inter-runner Communication 49
4.3.3 Graph Validation 50
4.4 Implementation 50
4.5 Evaluation 50
4.5.1 Experiment Setup 50
4.5.2 Performance 52
4.6 Summary 54
Chapter 5 Graph Generation for Recursive Networks 55
5.1 Introduction 55
5.2 Motivation 57
5.2.1 Embedded Control Flow Frameworks and Their Limitations 57
5.2.2 Example:Tree LSTM 60
5.2.3 Recursion in Embedded Control Flow Frameworks 61
5.3 Programming Model 63
5.3.1 Unitof Recursion:SubGraph 63
5.3.2 Recursion in Dataflow Graphs: InvokeOp 65
5.3.3 Tree LSTM with SubGraphs & InvokeOps 66
5.4 System Design 68
5.4.1 Graph Execution 68
5.4.2 Graph Backpropagation 72
5.5 Implementation 75
5.6 Evaluation 78
5.6.1 Experimental Setup 79
5.6.2 Throughput and Convergence Time 80
5.6.3 Analysis of Recursive Graphs: Parallelization 83
5.6.4 Comparison with Folding 86
5.7 Related Work 89
5.8 Summary 92
Chapter 6 Conculsion and Future Work 94
6.1 Conclusion 94
6.2 Future Work 95
6.2.1 Lightweight Imperative Runtime 96
6.2.2 Alternative Languages for Deep Learning 96Docto
A Study on Bruckner's Eighth Symphony from the Perspective of the Sublime
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ์์
๋ํ ์์
๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์คํฌ์.Joseph Anton Bruckner(1824-1896) is one of the representative composers of late German Romantic symphonies, who officially published nine symphonies. Among them, Symphony No.8 is the last symphony that Bruckner completed in four movements, and it is a monumental work that stands out for its magnificent length, orchestration and majesty. This Eighth Symphony evoked intense emotional reactions and was studied from the perspective of the sublime beyond traditional concept of beauty. However, previous studies have discussed the moment of the sublime in parts rather than looking at the whole Eighth Symphony, dealing with it in fragments, discussing the sublime abstractly or focusing on individual characteristics. In previous studies, it was difficult to clearly understand what kind of sublime was being discussed, and it was difficult to connect the style and aesthetics of specific musical works due to the absence of music examples. Therefore, this study examined the work internally and externally with the following questions. What sublime does Bruckner's Eighth Symphony show? Among the various concepts of the sublime, what is the sublime that penetrates the Eighth Symphony?
First, the musical characteristics of entire movements were identified through the analysis of the work. The first movement is a sonata form with three themes, characterized by uncertain and ambiguous tonality. At the moment of culmination, a strong dissonance appears, and a huge dynamic maximizes intensity. The second movement, Scherzo, is a traditional three-part form, and two characteristic motifs, including the German Michel motif, lead to the entire Scherzo. The third movement, Adagio, is in sonata form of vast dimensions, showing the harmonies constantly wandering. It is characterized by gradually increasing energy and moving towards the final culmination. The fourth movement is in sonata form with three themes, and is characterized by a strong brass fanfare at the beginning. Also, like the first movement, strong dissonance appears at the moment of culmination. But in the long, slow-paced coda, the firm tonic chord resonates triumphantly and victoriously.
Based on this music analysis, three types of sublime were derived. The first is the tragic sublime exploding at the culmination. This type focuses on the physical attributes represented by Burke, and it is the sublime that focuses on greatness, grandeur, power, tragedy, pain, and intense pathos. The tragic feeling is especially maximized in the dissonance that explodes at the culmination. The second is the sublime of exaltation. This type shows the joy, exaltation, and jubilance that Longinus said well, and it is the sublime that Nietzsche refers to as a Dionysian ecstasy. In particular, it can be found most clearly in the long coda of the fourth movement. The third is the sublime of transcendence and contemplation. This type is the sublime that focuses on more spiritual attributes, not being overwhelmed by power and might, but the sublime of looking down and contemplating everything beyond physical nature and emotions. This sublime, represented by Kant and Schopenhauer, allows us to enter a state of transcendence through the quiet coda of the third movement and religious chorale, and allows us to recognize our inner spirit again.
Thus, the aesthetic value of Bruckner's Eighth Symphony can be said to be in the sublime that goes beyond traditional beauty, overwhelms the soul through astonishment and surprise, elevates through enormous power and energy, and sometimes even leads to a contemplative sense of transcendence.์ํค ๋ธ๋ฃจํฌ๋(Joseph Anton Bruckner, 1824-1896)๋ ๋
์ผ ํ๊ธฐ ๋ญ๋ง์ฃผ์ ๊ตํฅ๊ณก์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ ์๊ณก๊ฐ ์ค ํ ์ฌ๋์ผ๋ก, ๊ณต์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด 9๊ณก์ ๊ตํฅ๊ณก์ ๋ฐํํ๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ใ8๋ฒ ๊ตํฅ๊ณกใ์ ๋ธ๋ฃจํฌ๋๊ฐ 4์
์ฅ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฒฐ์ํจ ๋ง์ง๋ง ๊ตํฅ๊ณก์ผ๋ก, ์ฅ๋ํ ๊ธธ์ด์ ํธ์ฑ, ์ฅ์ํจ์ด ๋๋ณด์ด๋ ๊ธฐ๋
๋น์ ์ธ ์ํ์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ใ8๋ฒ ๊ตํฅ๊ณกใ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ถ๋ฌ์ผ์ผํค๊ณ , ์ ํต์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ด๋
์ ๋์ด์๋ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ใ8๋ฒ ๊ตํฅ๊ณกใ ์ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ญ๊ณ ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋
ผํ๋ฉฐ ๋จํธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ฃจ์๊ณ , ์ถ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋
ผํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์ธ ํน์ง์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ธํ์๋ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ด๋ ํ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋
ผํ๊ณ ์๋์ง ๋ช
ํํ๊ฒ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต๊ณ , ์์
์์ ์ ๋ถ์ฌ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์์
์ํ์ ๋ํ๋๋ ์์๊ณผ ๋ฏธํ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ง๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ ์ด ์์๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ธ๋ฃจํฌ๋ใ8๋ฒ ๊ตํฅ๊ณกใ์ ์ด๋ค ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์๋๊ฐ? ๋ค์ํ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ฐ๋
์ค์์ ใ8๋ฒ ๊ตํฅ๊ณกใ์ ๊ดํตํ๋ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋ ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ? ๋ผ๋ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์ํ์ ๋ดยท์ธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ์๋ค.
๋จผ์ ๋ ์ํ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด 1์
์ฅ์์ 4์
์ฅ๊น์ง์ ์์
์ ํน์ง์ ํ์
ํด ๋ณด์๋ค. ์ 1์
์ฅ์ 3๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ ์๋ํ ํ์์ผ๋ก, ๋ถํ์คํ๊ณ ๋ชจํธํ ์กฐ์ฑ์ด ํน์ง์ด๋ค. ์ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐํ ๋ถํํ์์ด ๋ฑ์ฅํ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ๋ค์ด๋ด๋ฏน์ด ๊ฐ๋ ฌํจ์ ๊ทน๋ํ์ํจ๋ค. ์ 2์
์ฅ ์ค์ผ๋ฅด์ด๋ ์ ํต์ ์ธ 3๋ถ ํ์์ผ๋ก, ๋
์ผ์ธ ๋ฏธํฌ ๋ชจํฐ๋ธ๋ฅผ ๋น๋กฏํ ํน์ง์ ์ธ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ชจํฐ๋ธ๊ฐ ์ค์ผ๋ฅด์ด ์ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋์ด๋๊ฐ๋ค. ์ 3์
์ฅ ์๋ค์ง์ค๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ํ ์ฐจ์์ ์๋ํ ํ์์ผ๋ก, ํ์ฑ์ด ๋์์์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ํ๋ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๋ณด์ธ๋ค. ์ ์ฐจ ์๋์ง๊ฐ ์์นํ๋ฉด์ ์ต์ข
์ ์ธ ์ ์ ์ ํฅํด๊ฐ๋ ํน์ง์ด ์๋ค. ์ 4์
์ฅ์ 3๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ ์๋ํ ํ์์ผ๋ก, ๋์
๋ถ์ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๊ธ๊ด ํกํ๋ฅด๊ฐ ํน์ง์ด๋ค. ๋ํ ์ 1์
์ฅ๊ณผ ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ก ์ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐํ ๋ถํํ์์ด ๋ฑ์ฅํ์ง๋ง, ๊ธธ๊ณ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์งํ๋๋ ์ฝ๋ค์์ ํ๊ณ ํ ์ผ๋ธํ์์ด ์๊ธฐ์์ํ๊ฒ ์น๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐฌ ์๋ฆฌ๋ก ์ธ๋ ค ํผ์ง๊ฒ ๋๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ์์
๋ถ์์ ํ ๋๋ก ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ํ์ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ์๋ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ ์ ์ ์์ ํญ๋ฐํ๋ ๋น์ฅ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ์ด ์ ํ์ ๋ฒํฌ๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์์ฑ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ๊ฑฐ๋ํจ, ํ, ์๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น๊ทน, ๊ณ ํต, ๊ฐ๋ ฌํ ํํ ์ค์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ๋น๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋๋์ ํนํ ์ ์ ์์ ํญ๋ฐํ๋ ๋ถํํ์์์ ๊ทน๋ํ๋๋ค. ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ ๊ณ ์์ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ์ด ์ ํ์ ๋กฑ๊ธฐ๋์ค๊ฐ ๋งํ๋ ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ์๊ธฐ์์ํ ๊ณ ์, ํํฌ๊ฐ ์ ๋๋ฌ๋๋ฉฐ, ๋์ฒด๊ฐ ๋งํ๋ ๋์ค๋์์ค์ ํฉํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋น ์ ธ๋ค๊ฒ ๋๋ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ํนํ ์ 4์
์ฅ์ ๊ธด ์ฝ๋ค์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ทน๋ช
ํ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ ์ ์๋ค. ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ ์ด์๊ณผ ๊ด์กฐ์ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ์ด ์ ํ์ ๋ณด๋ค ์ ์ ์ ์ธ ์์ฑ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋ก, ํ๊ณผ ์๋ ฅ์ ์๋๋นํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์์ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ํ์ฌ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ด๋ ค๋ค๋ณด๊ณ ๊ด์กฐํ๋ค๋ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ด๋ค. ์นธํธ์ ์ผํํ์ฐ์ด๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ ์ด ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋ ๊ณ ์ํ๊ฒ ์งํ๋๋ ์ 3์
์ฅ ์ฝ๋ค์ ์ข
๊ต์ ์ธ ์ฝ๋์ ํตํด ์ด์์ ์ํ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๊ฒ ํด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ด๋ฉด์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ค์ ์์์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ํ ์ ์๋ค.
์ด์ฒ๋ผ ๋ธ๋ฃจํฌ๋ ใ8๋ฒ ๊ตํฅ๊ณกใ์ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ฐ์น๋ ์ ํต์ ์ธ ์๋ฆ๋ค์์ ๋์ด์์ ๊ฒฝ์
๊ณผ ๋๋ผ์์ ํตํด ์ํผ์ ์๋ํ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ํ๊ณผ ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ณ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ค๊ฒ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋๋ก๋ ๊ด์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ด์๊ฐ๋ง์ ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๋ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.โ
. ์ ๋ก 1
โ
ก. ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5
1. ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5
2. ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ฐ๋
15
1) ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ธฐ์๊ณผ ์ญ์ฌ์ ๋ณ์ฒ 15
2) ์์
์ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ 25
โ
ข. ์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ 34
1. ์ํ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ 34
1) ์๊ณก ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 34
2) ๊ฐ์ ์์
37
3) ์ถํ๊ณผ ์ด์ฐ 39
4) ํ๋ณธ ๋ฌธ์ 40
2. ์
์ฅ๋ณ ์ ๊ทผ 43
1) ์ 1์
์ฅ 43
2) ์ 2์
์ฅ 59
3) ์ 3์
์ฅ 66
4) ์ 4์
์ฅ 82
5) ํ์ ์ ๋ด์ฉ 97
โ
ฃ. ๋ฏธํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ 103
1. ์ ์ ์์ ํญ๋ฐํ๋ ๋น์ฅ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ 104
2. ๊ณ ์์ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ 116
3. ์ด์๊ณผ ๊ด์กฐ์ ์ญ๊ณ ๋ฏธ 121
โ
ค. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 127
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 131
Abstract 138์
Combination of laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastinยฎ) for aggressive zone I retinopathy of prematurity
BACKGROUND:
This report describes the use of combined laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab administration for aggressive zone I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
METHODS:
A male patient, born at 25 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 884 g, received indirect laser photocoagulation and a 0.75 mg intravitreal bevacizumab injection to each eye for aggressive stage 3 zone I ROP. Structural outcomes were evaluated 3 months after treatment.
RESULTS:
At 3-month follow-up, treatment had resulted in ROP regression, prompt resolution of plus signs and neovascular proliferation in both eyes, and no signs of systemic or ocular adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS:
The combination of indirect laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab injection was well tolerated and induced prompt regression of aggressive zone I ROP.ope
Clinical significance of apoptosis and p53 protein expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervi
์ํ๊ณผ/์์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]
Apoptosis๋ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์กฐ์ฌ ์ ํ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋๋ฉฐ ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์์์๋ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ ์ ์ spontaneous apoptosis ์ ๋๊ฐ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ์ ์์ธก์ธ์๊ฐ ๋ ์ ์๋ค๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ ์๋ก ์๋ฐ๋๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์๋ค. ๋ํ ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ์์์ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์์ฑ๋๊ฐ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์ํ์ธ์๋ผ๋ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ๊ทธ๋ ์ง ์๋ค๋ ์์ดํ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ค์ด ์์ด ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค. 1990-1993๋
๊น์ง ์์ ์ด๋ ํญ์ํํ์๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ง ์๊ณ ๊ทผ์น์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ(์ธ๋ถ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ ๋์จ ๊ฐ๋ด๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ)๋ฅผ ์ํ ๋ฐ์ ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ ํธํ์ํผ์ FIGO ๋ณ๊ธฐ IIB์ธ ํ์๋ก์ ๋ณธ์์์ ์กฐ์ง๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ฌ ํ๋ผํ ํฌ๋งค์กฐ์ง์ ์ป์ ์ ์์๋ ํ์ 46๋ช
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ 40-110๊ฐ์(์ค์์น 65๊ฐ์)์ด์๋ค. ์์์ ์ธ ํน์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ ๋ฐ์์จ, 5๋
๊ตญ์์ ์ด์จ, 5๋
์์กด์จ, 5๋
๋ฌด๋ณ์์กด์จ ๋ฑ์ ์์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ , ํํธ์ผ๋ก๋ ํ๋ผํ ํฌ๋งค์กฐ์ง์ผ๋ก ์ ํธ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด H & E ์ผ์๊ณผ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ํญ์ฒด(DO7)์ ๋ํ ๋ฉด์ญ์กฐ์งํํ์ผ์์ ์ํํ์ฌ ์ข
์์ธํฌ ์ค apoptotic body ๋ฐ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ ์์ฑ์ธ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์๊ณ (์ต์ 1000๊ฐ ์ด์์ ์ข
์์ธํฌ ๋น ๊ฐ์) ์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์์์ธ์๋ค๊ณผ ๋น๊ต๋ถ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
1. ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ ์ ์ข
์์กฐ์ง์ SAI(spontaneous apoptotic index) ๋ฒ์๋ 0.2-4.7%(์ค์์น 1.1%, ํ๊ท ์น 1.5%)์๋ค. ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ ํ 43๋ช
์์ ์์ ๊ดํด ๋์๊ณ 3๋ช
์์๋ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ดํด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋๋ฐ 3๋ช
๋ชจ๋ SAI๊ฐ ์ค์์น์ธ 1.1% ๋ฏธ๋ง์ด์๋ค(0.5, 0.8, 0.9%).
2. p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ฐํ๋๋ 5% ๋ฏธ๋ง์ (-)๋ก, 5-30%๋ฅผ (+)๋ก, >30%๋ฅผ(++)๋ก ํ ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 16, 10, 20๋ช
์ด ์ํ์ฌ P53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ๋๋ 65.2%(30/46)์๊ณ ์์ฑ์ ๋๋ ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ง์ ํธ์์ 0.2-87.6%๋ก ๋ฒ์๊ฐ ๋์๋ค. ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ ํ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ดํด์๋ 3๋ช
์ค 1๋ช
์ (+), 2๋ช
์ (++) ๊ตฐ์ ์ํ์๋ค.
3. ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ ์ค ๊ตญ์์ฌ๋ฐ์ 10๋ช
์์ ๋ฐ์ํ์๋๋ฐ (9๋ช
-๊ตญ์์ฌ๋ฐ, 1๋ช
-๊ตญ์์ฌ๋ฐ+์๊ฒฉ์ ์ด) ๊ทธ ์ค 8๋ช
์ SAI๊ฐ ์ค์์น ๋ฏธ๋ง์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ฑ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์๋ (-) 1๋ช
, (+) 2๋ช
, (++) 7๋ช
์์ ๊ตญ์์ฌ๋ฐ์ด ์์๋ค.
4. SAI ์ค์์น ์ด์๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ง ๋ ๊ตฐ์ผ๋ก ๋๋์ด ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ฉด 5๋
๊ตญ์์ ์ด์จ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 91.7%, 67.4% (p=0.0167), 5๋
์์กด์จ์ 95.8%, 68.2%(p=0.0127), 5๋
๋ฌด๋ณ์์กด์จ์ 87.5%, 67.4% (p=0.0505)๋ก SAI๊ฐ ๋ฎ์ ํ์๊ตฐ์ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ํ์๋ค. ๋ํ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ๋์ ๋น๊ตํด ๋ณผ ๋ (-), (+), (++)๊ตฐ์์ 5๋
๊ตญ์์ ์ด์จ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 93.8%, 88.9%, 65.0% (p=0.0357)์ด๋ฉฐ, 5๋
๋ฌด๋ณ์์กด์จ์ 88.8%, 60.9%,(p=0.0141)๋ก ์ ์ํ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์ด p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ ์์ฑ๋๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํ ์๋ก ์ํ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ํ์๊ณ , 5๋
์์กด์จ์ 93.8%, 90.9%, 70.0% (P=0,1411)๋ก ์ ์ํ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง ์์๋ค.
5. SAI์ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ ์์ฑ๋ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ Pearson's ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๋ก ๋น๊ตํด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ p<0.05๋ก ํต๊ณ์ ์ธ ์์๊ฐ ์์๋ค. 5๋
๊ตญ์์ ์ด์จ,5๋
์์กด์จ ๋ฐ 5๋
๋ฌด๋ณ์์กด์จ์ ์ข
์ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํํ, SAI, p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ ์์ฑ๋, ์๊ถ์์กฐ์ง ์นจ๋ฒ ์ ๋ ๋ฑ์ ๋ํด Cox regression ๋ค๋ณ๋๋ถ์์ ์ํํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 5๋
๊ตญ์์ ์ด์จ์์๋ ์ ์ํ ์ธ์๊ฐ ์์๊ณ 5๋
์์กด์จ์์๋ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ฑ๋(p=0.0082)์ SAI(p=0.0017)๊ฐ ์ ์ํ ์ธ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, 5๋
๋ฌด๋ณ์์กด์จ์์๋ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ ์์ฑ๋(p=0.0014)๋ง์ด ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ์์ผ๋ ์ข
์์
ํฌ๊ธฐ์ SAI๋ ๊ด๋ จ์ฑ์ด ์๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ ๋ณด์๋ค.
์ด์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก, ์๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ ํธํ์ํผ์ FIGO ๋ณ๊ธฐ II8์์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ SAI๊ฐ ๋ฎ์ผ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์น์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ ํ์ ๋ฐ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ์์กด์จ์ด ๋ถ๋ํ์๊ณ , p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ๋๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํ ์๋ก ์ํ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ํ์๋ค. ๋ํ SAI์ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ฑ๋ ๊ฐ์๋ ์ ์ํ ๊ด๋ จ์ฑ์ด ์์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก์ SAI์ p53 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ๋๋ฅผ ์น๋ฃ ์ ์ ์ธก์ ํจ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ํ ์์์ ์ธ ์์ธก์ธ์๋ก ์ด์ฉํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ป์๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]
Purpose: The purpose is to investigate the spontaneous apoptotic index (SAI) and p53 protein expression and to identify the role of SAI and p53 protein positivity as predictors of radiation response FIGO stage IIB squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix by analysing the correlation of the SAI, p53 protein expression and treatment results such as 5-year local control rate, 5-year overall survival rate, and 5-year disease-free survival rate.
Materials and Methods: Forty six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix FIGO stage IIB treated with curativer adiotherapy between 1990 and 1993 were included in this study. Definitive radiotherapy including external beam and high-dose-rate brachytherapy was given to a median dose of 75 Gy on point A. Pretreatment paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of those patients were scored for apoptosis by H & E staining and evaluated for p53mouse monoclonal antibody (DO-7) by immunDstaining.Clinicopathologic characteristics were also studied in relation to SAI and p53 protein expression, and as prognostic factors for clinical outcome.
Results: SAI and p53 were not related to any clinical characteristics. The range of the SAI was 0.2-4.7% (median 1.1%, mean 1.5%). The rate of p53 protein expression was 65.2% (37/46). Patients whose tumors had a SAI above the median had a better 5-year local control(91.7% vs. 67.4%, p=0.0167), 5-year overall survival (95.8% vs. 68,2%,p=0.0127) and 5-year disease-free survival (87.5% vs. 67.4%,p=0.0505) than those with lower SAI. And the p53 protein expression positivity is also significant on 5-year local control (98.8%, 88.9%, 65.0%, p=0.0357) and 5-year disease-free survival rates (93.8%,88.9%, 60.0%, p=0.0141).
There was also a significant correlation between SAl and p53 protein expression.
Conclusion: The pretreatment SAI and p53 oncoprotein expression are clinicallyuseful in predicting the clinical outcome of FIGO stage IIB squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix patients treated with definitive radiotherapy.ope