25 research outputs found
Three-dimensional CT angiography of canine hepatic vasculatures
Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :수의학과 수의외과학전공,2006.Maste
Enhancing the Narrow-down Approach to Large-scale Hierarchical Text Classification with Category Path Information
The narrow-down approach, separately composed of search and classification stages, is an effective way of dealing with large-scale hierarchical text classification. Recent approaches introduce methods of incorporating global, local, and path information extracted from web taxonomies in the classification stage. Meanwhile, in the case of utilizing path information, there have been few efforts to address existing limitations and develop more sophisticated methods. In this paper, we propose an expansion method to effectively exploit category path information based on the observation that the existing method is exposed to a term mismatch problem and low discrimination power due to insufficient path information. The key idea of our method is to utilize relevant information not presented on category paths by adding more useful words. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method on state-of-the art narrow-down methods and report the results with in-depth analysis
Capital Market Regulation in Korea and Hybrid Statute: A Critical Review of Article 178 of the Capital Markets Act
하이브리드규정(hybrid statute)은 하나의 금지규정의 위반에 대해 민⋅형사 제재가 동시에 가능한 규정을 의미한다. 하이브리드규정에서는 민ㆍ형사책임 요건이 동일한 조항에 규정됨으로써 요건사실 내지 구성요건이 포괄적으로 구성된다. 우리법에서는 자본시장법 제178조가 대표적이다. 하이브리드규정은 여러 제재를 동시에 부과할 수 있으므로 예방적 효과를 극대화할 수 있고, 입법기술적으로도 편리하다는 장점이 있는 반면, 하나의 규정에서 민ㆍ형사 나아가 행정 제재를 동시에 가능하게 하기 위하여 그 요건이 포괄적으로 규정된다는 한계가 있다. 또한 민사책임과 형사책임은 그 이념과 증명책임, 증명의 정도 등에서 서로 다른 원리가 적용되나 하이브 리드규정의 경우 이러한 원칙들이 충돌할 가능성이 있다. 미국의 연방증권거래법 section 10(b) 및 rule 10b-5는 하이브리드규정에 해당하나 형사처벌의 경우 법령에서 명시적으로 강화된 주관적 구성요건을 요구하고 그 포괄성과 추상성이 common law의 법형성 기능에 의해서 지속적으로 보완되어 예측가능성과 법적안정성을 유지하고 있다. 유럽연합의 경우 민사책임은 일반 민사법에 따른다는 점에서 일단 하이브리드규정으로 분류되기는 어렵고, 비록 조문의 형식은 포괄적이나 형사책임의 경우 고의로 행해진 중요한 범죄에 한하여 의무적으로 처벌토록 하고, 예시규정과 판단기준을 법령에 명시하고 나아가 추가적인 판단기준을 유럽 연합위원회에 위임하여 정하도록 하고 있다. 일본의 경우 조문의 형식 및 포괄성과 추상성이 자본시장법 제178조와 가장 유사하나, 실무적으로 거의 이용되지 않고 있다. 하이브리드규정은 미국에서 20세기 전후 독립 행정위원회에 과도한 권한이 부여되는 시점에, 사적소송(私的訴訟)을 통해서 공적규제 목적을 달성하기 위해 발달한 입법형태로서, 위임입법과 행정입법의 한계가 보다 명확한 현대에서 그 정당성이 의문이다. 행정제재 및 민사소송과 관련하여 그 효용성이 인정되더라도, 이를 공법과 사법(私法)의 영역이 전통적으로 구별되고, 판례의 법형성기능이 미약한 우리 자본시장규제에 아무런 보완장치 없이 수용하여 형사처벌의 근거로 삼는 것은 문제가 있다고 본다. 자본시장 규제의 특수성으로 인하여 포괄적 하이브리드규정이 필요하더라도 일차적으로 민사소송 및 행정제재의 근거로 사용되어야 하고 이를 근거로 형사처벌을 하기 위해서는 그 법적 요건을 세분화하거나, 일부 심각한 위반행위에 한하여 이를 처벌하고, 부정행위의 고의 인정을 강화하는 방법 등으로 그 적용을 제한할 필요가 있다. 즉 포괄적 하이브리드규정은 대륙법계 국가에서는 예측가능성과 법적안정성을 침해할 우려가 크므로 입법적으로 지양함이 타당하나, 우선 해석론적으로 자본시장의 효율성을 해칠 우려가 있는 중대한 행위로 제한하여 해석하고, 행위태양의 측면에서 다른 부정거래유형과 유사한 행위에 한하여 인정된다고 해석하는 것이 죄형법정주의에 부합되는 해석이다.
The hybrid statute refers to a regulation that allows for both civil and criminal sanctions for a violation of a single statute. In a hybrid statute, the requirements for civil and criminal liability are stipulated in the same provision, thus creating overly vague and comprehensive requirements for the liabilities. In Korea, Article 178 of the Capital Markets Act is a typical hybrid statute. The hybrid statute has the advantage of maximizing deterrent effects by imposing multiple sanctions simultaneously and being convenient in legislative procedure. However, it has the limitation of vague and abstract requirements to enable both civil and criminal sanctions in one statute. Furthermore, civil and criminal liabilities apply different principles in terms of guiding ideology, burden of proof, and standard of proof, and these principles may conflict in the case of a hybrid
statute. In the United States, Rule 10b-5 is a hybrid statute. However, for criminal punishment, it requires mens rea in a separate statute, and its abstractness is continually affected by common law to maintain predictability and legal stability. In the European Union, although the provisions are comprehensive in form, criminal liability is mandatorily punished only for significant crimes committed intentionally, with exemplary provisions and criteria specified by MAR, and specific judgment criteria are delegated to the European Commission. In Japan, the form, comprehensiveness, and abstractness of the provisions are most similar to Article 178 of the Capital Markets Act, but it is almost never used in practice. The hybrid statute is a legislative form that developed in the United States around the 20th century when excessive authority was granted to independent administrative committees to achieve public regulatory purposes through private enforcement. However, in modern times, where the limits of delegated and administrative legislation are more clearly defined, its legitimacy is questionable. Even if its effectiveness could be recognized in relation to administrative sanctions and civil lawsuits, it is problematic to use it in criminal enforcement without any supplementary measures in our capital market regulation, where the areas of public and private law are traditionally distinguished and the judicial law-making function is almost non-existent. Even if a comprehensive hybrid statute is necessary for effective capital market regulation, it should primarily be used as a basis for administrative sanctions. For criminal punishment, the Korean Supreme Court needs to subdivide the legal requirements precisely, punish only serious violations, and strengthen the recognition of fraudulent intent. Comprehensive hybrid statutes should be avoided legislatively in civil law countries due to concerns about predictability and legal stability. In the meantime, they should be interpreted restrictively by limiting them to significant acts that may grossly harm the efficiency of the capital market and to acts similar to other types of unfair transactions in accordance with the principle of legality
A Sensitivity and Economic(NPV) Analysis for Interconnection Capacity of Distributed Generation(Renewable Energy) in Adopting Voltage Regulation in Power Distribution Networks
Master글로벌 기후변화에 대응하여 온실가스 배출비중이 높은 석탄발전을 신재생에너지원으로 대체하려는 움직임이 본격화 되고 있다. 신재생에너지원에 의한 발전은 전력 계통에 분산전원의 형태로 연계되며, 소형 발전 기술의 발달과 중앙 집중형 발전 방식에서의 대규모 발전소 및 송전선로 건설의 문제점은 분산전원의 비중을 더욱 증가시키는 요인이다.
분산전원이 배전계통에 연계되면 전력계통 계획 및 운영에 큰 영향을 미친다. 기존의 배전계통은 변전소에서 수용가를 향한 단방향으로 설계되어 이를 기반으로 계통이 운영되고 있으나, 분산전원 연계 시 역조류가 발생하여 기존 보호시스템의 신뢰성에 문제가 생기고 전력품질이 저하될 수 있다. 이에 따라 계통 운영자는 분산전원의 연계용량을 제한하고 있다. 하지만 분산전원 기술이 발달하고 발전사업자의 연계 수요가 증가함에 따라 최대 연계용량 증대의 필요성이 제기되고 관련 연구가 수행되고 있다.
본 논문에서는 분산전원 연계 시, 전압 관리의 문제점을 검토하고 분산전원의 용량을 증가시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 이러한 방법의 경제성을 결정론적 접근 방법과 확률론적 접근 방법으로 분석하였다. MATLAB 시뮬레이션을 통해 배전선로에 SVR(Step Voltage Regulator)을 설치하여 전압을 조정함으로써 분산전원의 연계용량 증대가 가능함을 보였다. 경제성 분석 결과, SVR 설비 투자비의 영향으로 IRR(Internal Rate of Return)은 하락하지만, 발전 설비용량 증대를 통해 NPV(Net Present Value)가 상승하며, 태양광 발전 사업의 경제성이 개선될수록 NPV의 증가율이 높아짐을 확인하였다In response to the rapid global climate changes, power generation using renewable energy sources has been on the rise. These generators have been assimilating into greater power networks in conjunction with non-renewable generators to form distributed generation of energy. In addition, technological advances in small generators, as well as constraints on building large power plant & transmission lines also accelerated the increase of distributed generation into the distribution networks.
However, the addition of distributed generators may complicate coordinating protection protocols as well as voltage control. Therefore, the system operator sets a capacity limit of distributed generators. As the demands for renewable energy generators and thus distributed generator increase, the needs to increase the maximum capacity of these generators have been arisen.
This paper investigates the voltage problem when distributed generations between renewable and non-renewable are used for power networks and presents a solution to increase the maximum capacity of distributed generators. Also, an economic solution was evaluated with both deterministic and probabilistic approach. A MATLAB simulation was performed to simulate the increase of maximum capacity in distributed power system by installing Step Voltage Regulator(SVR). Economic results show that despite the decrease in Internal Rate of Return(IRR), due to the high capital expenditures(CAPEX), Net Present Value (NPV) increases due to the generation capacity increases. On top of that, as the profitability of the distributed generation improves, the NPV would be much higher
Investigating the Congruence of Crowdsourced Information With Official Government Data: The Case of Pediatric Clinics
* SCIE 저널입니다. (저자수는 총 4명이며, 2저자입니다.)
Background: Health 2.0 is a benefit to society by helping patients acquire knowledge about health care by harnessing collective intelligence. However, any misleading information can directly affect patients’ choices of hospitals and drugs, and potentially exacerbate their health condition.
Objective: This study investigates the congruence between crowdsourced information and official government data in the health care domain and identifies the determinants of low congruence where it exists. In-line with infodemiology, we suggest measures to help the patients in the regions vulnerable to inaccurate health information.
Methods: We text-mined multiple online health communities in South Korea to construct the data for crowdsourced information on public health services (173,748 messages). Kendall tau and Spearman rank order correlation coefficients were used to compute the differences in 2 ranking systems of health care quality: actual government evaluations of 779 hospitals and mining results of geospecific online health communities. Then we estimated the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on the level of congruence by using an ordinary least squares regression.
Results: The regression results indicated that the standard deviation of married women’s education (P=.046), population density (P=.01), number of doctors per pediatric clinic (P=.048), and birthrate (P=.002) have a significant effect on the congruence of crowdsourced data (adjusted R2=.33). Specifically, (1) the higher the birthrate in a given region, (2) the larger the variance in educational attainment, (3) the higher the population density, and (4) the greater the number of doctors per clinic, the more likely that crowdsourced information from online communities is congruent with official government data.
Conclusions: To investigate the cause of the spread of misleading health information in the online world, we adopted a unique approach by associating mining results on hospitals from geospecific online health communities with the sociodemographic characteristics of corresponding regions. We found that the congruence of crowdsourced information on health care services varied across regions and that these variations could be explained by geospecific demographic factors. This finding can be helpful to governments in reducing the potential risk of misleading online information and the accompanying safety issues
Cluster-based Query Expansion using External Collections in Medical Information Retrieval
Utilizing external collections to improve retrieval performance is challenging research because various test collections are created for different purposes. Improving medical information retrieval has also gained much attention as various types of medical documents have become available to researchers ever since they started storing them in machine processable formats. In this paper, we propose an effective method of utilizing external collections based on the pseudo relevance feedback approach. Our method incorporates the structure of external collections in estimating individual components in the final feedback model. Extensive experiments on three medical collections (TREC CDS, CLEF eHealth, and OHSUMED) were performed, and the results were compared with a representative expansion approach utilizing the external collections to show the superiority of our metho
