27 research outputs found

    Development of an Active Dry EEG Electrode Using an Impedance-Converting Circuit

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    Background: A dry-type electrode is an alternative to the conventional wet-type electrode, because it can be applied without any skin preparation, such as a conductive electrolyte. However, because a dry-type electrode without electrolyte has high electrode-to-skin impedance, an impedance-converting amplifier is typically used to minimize the distortion of the bioelectric signal. In this study, we developed an active dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrode using an impedance converter, and compared its performance with a conventional Ag/AgCl EEG electrode. Methods: We developed an active dry electrode with an impedance converter using a chopper-stabilized operational amplifier. Two electrodes, a conventional Ag/AgCl electrode and our active electrode, were used to acquire EEG signals simultaneously, and the performance was tested in terms of (1)the electrode impedance, (2) raw data quality, and (3) the robustness of any artifacts. Results: The contact impedance of the developed electrode was lower than that of the Ag/AgCl electrode (0.3ยฑ0.1 vs. 2.7ยฑ0.7 kโ„ฆ, respectively). The EEG signal and power spectrum were similar for both electrodes. Additionally, our electrode had a lower 60-Hz component than the Ag/AgCl electrode (16.64 vs. 24.33 dB, respectively). The change in potential of the developed electrode with a physical stimulus was lower than for the Ag/AgCl electrode (58.7ยฑ30.6 vs. 81.0ยฑ19.1 ฮผV, respectively), and the difference was close to statistical significance (P=0.07). Conclusions: Our electrode can be used to replace Ag/AgCl electrodes, when EEG recording is emergently required, such as in emergency rooms or in intensive care units.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2011-01/102/2014017262/10SEQ:10PERF_CD:SNU2011-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2014017262ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A079623DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:0DEPT_NM:์˜ํ•™๊ณผSCOPUS_YN:NCONFIRM:

    ่พฒๆ‘๏งŠๅŸŸ์—์„œ์˜ ๆฐด่ณช็ฎก็†์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :่พฒๅทฅๅญธ็ง‘ ่พฒๆฅญๅœŸๆœจๅฐˆๆ”ป,1995.Maste

    ็จๅ ็ฆๆญขๆณ•์˜ ๅŸŸๅค–้ฉ็”จ์— ้—œํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :ๆณ•ๅญธ็ง‘ ๅœ‹้š›ๆณ•ๅฐˆๆ”ป,1996.Maste

    Effects of hemiplegia and pamplegia induced by sciatic nerve injury on both tibiae and lumbar vertebra trabecular bone : correlation between the magnitude and Rate of

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    ์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 12์ฃผ๋ น์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท C57BL/6 ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์†์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•˜์ง€์˜ ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋งˆ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์–‘์ชฝ ์ •๊ฐ•๋ผˆ ๋ฐ 4๋ฒˆ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ผˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ผˆ์†์‹ค ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ํ•˜์ง€ ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์ •๊ฐ•๋ผˆ์—์„œ 4์ฃผํ›„ ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์†์ƒ๊ตฐ(Hemiplegia, HEMI)์˜ ํ•ด๋ฉด๋ผˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฐ BMD์˜ 0์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ(Control, CON)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ (p<0.05), ๋ผˆ ์ž”๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ๋ผˆ ์ž”๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„ํฌ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์™ผ์ชฝ ์ •๊ฐ•๋ผˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 4์ฃผํ›„ HEMI์˜ BMD์˜ 0์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์—์„œ CON์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ (p<0.05), ๋ผˆ ์ž”๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„ํฌ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ผˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 4์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์—์„œ Tb.Sp์™€ Conn.Dn์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (p<0.05).ํ•˜์ง€ ์ „๋งˆ๋น„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2์ฃผ์™€ 4์ฃผ์—์„œ ์–‘์ชฝ ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์†์ƒ๊ตฐ(Pamplegia, PAM)์˜ ์ •๊ฐ•๋ผˆ ๋ฐ 4๋ฒˆ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ผˆ์˜ ์ฒด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ CON์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (p<0.05). ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ผˆ ์†์‹ค์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •๊ฐ•๋ผˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 4์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์™€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 4์ฃผ์˜ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ผˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์™€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2์ฃผ์˜ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (p<0.05).์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•˜์ง€์˜ ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด ์†์ƒ๋œ ํ•˜์ง€์˜ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋ผˆ์†์‹ค์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ถ๋‘ฅ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•˜์ง€์˜ ์ •๊ฐ•๋ผˆ ๋ฐ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ผˆ์˜ ๋ผˆ์†์‹ค์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผˆ ์†์‹ค์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ope

    (A) study on the improvement of landscape design competition of new town

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ƒํƒœ์กฐ๊ฒฝยท์ง€์—ญ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€(์ƒํƒœ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™์ „๊ณต),2010.2.Maste

    Experimental studies on the effects of antibiotics upon cultured human leukocytes

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” Penicillin ์œ ๋„์ฒด, Cephalosporin๊ณ„, Aminoglycoside๊ณ„, Tetracycline๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ญ์•”์„ฑ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค ์•ฝ์žฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ด๊ท ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์•”ํšจ๊ณผ์™ธ์— ์ธ์ฒด์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋ถ„์—ด๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์˜ ์–ต์ œ ํ˜น์€ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฑ„์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋ฐœ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ท ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ท ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์—๋งŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ™์ฃผ์„ธํฌ์—๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์•”์„ฑ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ DNA์˜ base pair์™€ ์ž‘์šฉ, ํ•ต์‚ฐํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•ญ์•”์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์ •์„ค์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๊ณ  ๋”์šฑ์ด ์„ธํฌ๋ถ„์—ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋“ค ํ•ญ์•”์ œ๋“ค์˜ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๊ด€์ฐฐ์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ž˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 10์ข…์˜์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์™€ 4์ข…์˜ ํ•ญ์•”์„ฑ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ eukarrocyte์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋ถ„์—ด์–ต์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, G-banding๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ž๋งค๋ถ„์ฒด๊ตํ™˜ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ต๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ธํฌ๋ถ„์—ด์–ต์ œ๋‚˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋ฐœ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์•”์„ฑ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„์—ด์–ต์ œ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ํ•ญ์•”์„ฑ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ›„์—๋Š” ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด๋‚˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ถ„์ฒด ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ถ„์ฒด๊ตํ™˜๋“ฑ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋ฐœ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ Adriamycin์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋ฐœ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  Bleomycin์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ›„ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋นˆ๋„๋‚˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ธด ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 18์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ์™€ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ด์ƒ์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 4. ํ•ญ์•”์„ฑ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €๋†๋„์—์„œ๋„ ์ž๋งค๋ถ„์ฒด๊ตํ™˜๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ด์ƒ์œจ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” G-banding๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ10๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šท ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Since Florey and his co-workers reported in 1941, on the remarkable effectiveness of penicillin, a number of clinically useful antibiotics were found and their potency, antibacterial spectrum, metabolism, and mode of action were studied. The most commonly used antibiotics act by one of the following mechanisms: inhibition of cell wall synthesis, action on cell membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (Park and Strominger, 1957: Feingold, 1963) Although it is known that antibiotics act on cell membranes, inhibit protein and nucleic acid synthesis and have some selective toxicity for microorganisms, they also may be quite toxic and act for host cells. However, there have not been any reports on the effects of antibiotics on the host cells except for anti-tumor antibiotics. Some highly toxic antibiotics such as actinomycin attack deoxyguanosine level on the DNA molecule. As a consequence, messenger RNA formation is blocked. The drug is highly toxic and is used only experimentally and rarely against some forms of malignancies. The chemotherapeutic approach is aimed at inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis which is essential for the growth of the tumor. but the same approach adversely affects some normal tissue. Anti-tumor antibiotics also produce chromosomal aberrations by reacting with base pair of DNA and consequently inhibit nucleic acid (Cohen and Shaw, 1964; Ostertag and Kersten, 1965; Miles, 1970: Bornstein et al, 1971; Vig, 1971; Massimo et al. 1972: Morad et al, 1973; Promchainant, 1975). The present investigation is aimed at the study of the inhibition of cell division and cytogenetic effects of 10 different common antibiotics and 4 kinds of anti-tumor antibiotics of human leukocyte not only by classical method but with G-banding technique, find by sister chromatid exchange induction method. In this study, 0.05mg to 10mg/ml of ampicillin, cloxacillin, carbenicillin, methicillin, cefazolin, and 5 to 100ug/ml of streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, vibramycin, and 0.1 to 10ug/ml of actinomycin D, mitomycin C, adriamycin, and 10 to 50ug/ml of bleomycin were treated to normal male human leukocyte culture for 6, 18, 24 hours. The slides for mitotic index and chrormosome aberrations were prepared by air-drying technique of Moorhead(1960) and stained with Giemsa (Haleco). Trypsin treated G-banding was obtained according to a modification of Seabright (1972) and the slides for the sister chromatid exchanges were made by FPG (Fluorescense Plus Giemsa) plus Hoechst 33258-Light-Giemsa method of Perry and Wolf (1974). The results are summarized as follows: 1. According to kinds of antibiotics within effective concentration, mitotic indeces are decreased arid above ail, mitotic indeces of ansi-tumor antibiotics are decreased significantly. 2. The types of chromosome aberrations are mainly chromatid and chromosome breaks, and chromosome exchanges which are found mostly in the anti-tumor antibiotics. 3. In general, with anti-tumor antibiotics treatment, chromosome aberrations occur nonrandomly in large chromosome groups and the highest chromosome aberration per cell is found in the cells treated 18 hours and 24 hours. 4. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of common antibiotics are similar to the control group but for the anti-tumor antibiotics, there are considerably increased sister chromatid exchanges even with low concentration of drugs. 5. Although the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations increase parallelly when concentrations are increased, the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges are approximately 10 times higher than chromosome aberrrations in anti-tumor antibiotics. In conclusion, it can be assumed that misuse of antibiotics may lead to inhibition of cell divisions or some genetic changes in the normal host cells. Moreover, since with anti-tumor antibiotics, there are cytogenetic changes in normal cells with low dose of drugs, it is necessary to keep in mind that genetic damage may occur in body systems by using the antibiotics for therapy.restrictio

    oral health of national basic livelihood security

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    Assessment of the Japanese Red Pine (pinus densiflora sieb. et zucc.) damage caused by the pine needle gall midge (thecodiplosis japonensis uchida et inouye)

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    Thesis(doctors) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2009.8.Docto

    ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํƒœ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ€์ „(Placental dysfunction syndrome)์ด ํƒœ์•„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ•ด์„ค(ๅฑๅฎณ่ชช)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž„์ƒ๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์•„์ง๋„ ์ž„์‹ ์ค‘์ ˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ๋‚œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ€์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ง ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทœ๋ช…์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1972๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ 3๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์„ธ์˜๋Œ€ ๋ถ€์†์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์›, ์ „์ฃผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ์›์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋…๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„ 1,736์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž„์ƒยทํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 1. ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” 15.3ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜€๊ณ  ์ฃผ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์€ 26.5์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์‚ฌ๋ง์€ ๋‚จ์•„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„์ค‘ ์ €์ฒด์ค‘์•„์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์•„์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ 2.2ํผ์„ผํŠธ์™€ 7.3ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜€๋‹ค. 2. 35์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋…ธ์‚ฐ(๏คด็”ฃ)๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‚ฐ(5ํšŒ์ด์ƒ) ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„์™€ ์ž„์‹ ์ค‘๋…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„์—์„œ ์ฃผ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์€ ๊ฒฉ์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„์™€ ๋งŒ์‚ญ์•„์—์„œ ํƒœ์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋นˆ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์  ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์ฃผ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ(111.1)์€ ์ •์ƒ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„(12.7)๋ณด๋‹ค 8.7๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์€ ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘๋…์ฆ, ์กฐ๊ธฐํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๊ณ , ๋ณ‘๋ฐœ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์€ ์ž„์‹ ์ค‘๋…์ค‘, ์กฐ๊ธฐํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜๊ฐ์—ผ ๋ฐ ์ „์น˜ํƒœ๋ฐ˜๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ๊ณผ์ˆ™์•„ 1,053์˜ˆ์ค‘ ํƒœ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ€์ „ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ(Placental dysfunction syndrome)์€ 113์˜ˆ๋กœ 10.7ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜€๊ณ  ํƒœ๋ น์ด ๋งŽ์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์€ โ…ก๊ธฐ์—์„œ 137.3์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Prolonged pregnancy has been the subject of numerous studies about the question of damage to the fetus by placental insufficiency. It is obvious that such degeneration can occur, as every obstetrician, pediatrician and pathologist knows from personal experience. Yet there is a wide divergence of opinion regarding the significance of the risk of prolonged pregnancy and the need to avoid it by terminating the pregnancy. This divergence is partly due to variations in the selection and evaluation of patients, but also is partly inherent in the ill-defined nature of the condition. The present study concerns the perinatal mortality of post-term and placental dysfunction in Severance Hospital, Jonju Presbyterian Hospital and Wonju Christian Hospital births which are associated with maternal obstetric conditions from Jan. 1970 to Dec. 1972. The perinatal mortality rate was calculated at fetal deaths plus neonatal deaths(deaths under 28 days after birth) of 42 or more weeks gestation. The results of clinical anlysis for 1736 post-term infants were summarized as follows : 1) Incidence of post-term infant was 15.3% and its perinatal mortality was 26.5%. 2) Sex ratio of post-term infant was not statistically significant, but in neonatal mortality rate male came to somewhat higher(705) than female(30%). 3) Incidence of low birth weight and high birth weight in post-term infant were 2.2% and 7.3%. Comparing term infants, they were not statistically significant. 4) The perinatal mortality rate was increased in cases of maternal age was over 35. The rates also were higher in multipara who had delivered more than 5 times, in primipara and in toxemia. 5) The frequency of the obstetric complications influenced perinatal mortality number was toxemia, SPRM, abruptio placentae etc., and the frequency of the diseases was toxemia, SPRM, amnionitis, placenta previa etc., 6) Incidence of placental dysfunction syndrome in post-term infant was 10.7% and perinatal mortality was mostly increased in stage โ…ก of placental dysfunction syndrome.restrictio
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