43 research outputs found

    A Cross-Country Analysis

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€, 2023. 2. ๊น€์˜์‹.We focus on the effect of data on the economic growth by testing implications from a model of Jones and Tonetti(2020). We focus not only on the quantity of data, but also the nonrivalry of data. We use panel data on 35 countries over the period 2000-2020. Our empirical results show that data nonrivalry increases the economic growth rates in long term. Additionally, our paper gives implication about what proxy is proper to capture the nonrivalry of data. Our empirical results show that computer and software as a share of GDP is appropriate. However, variables that reflect the extent of data openness is not reasonable as a proxy. Consequently, the analysis offers new insights concerning the policy with regard to data ownership. The policy which derives the advantage of data nonrivalry is needed in todays data economy.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Jones and Tonetti(2020)์˜ ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์–‘ ์ž์ฒด๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฝํ•ฉ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2000-2020๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ OECD 35๊ฐœ๊ตญ์˜ ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ฒฝํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ฒฝํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•จ์˜๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. GDP ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋‚˜, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ฒฝํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Theoretical Basis 2 2.1. What is Data? 2 2.2. What is Data Economy? 2 Chapter 3. Data 4 3.1. The Stock of Data 6 3.2. Other Variables 7 3.3. Whether the Proxy is Appropriate 8 Chapter 4. Empirical Analysis 11 4.1. The Nonrivalry of Data and Economic Growth 13 4.2. Basic Regression on Short-Term Growth Rate 15 4.3. Basic Regression on Long-Term Growth Rate 19 4.4. Further Study 24 Chapter 5. Conclusion 25 References 27์„

    A Study on the Issue of Terrestrial TV's Re-transmission System According to changes in Media Environment : Focusing on the Precedent Analysis of the Realization of Universal Service and Competition Issues

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    ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์†ก์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์ด๋… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ, ์‚ฌ์—…์ž ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ๋ฒ•์  ์†Œ์†ก์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ์Ÿ์ ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋‹คํˆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธํƒ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์Ÿ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ํŒ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŒ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋ฒ•์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณดํŽธ ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์™€ ์œ ๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‚ฌ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ ์–ธ์  ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๊ทธ์ณ์˜จ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด๋…์„ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋ฒ•์— ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ ํšจ ์‹œ์ฒญ๊ถŒ ํ™•๋ณด ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜๋ฌด์žฌ์†ก์‹  ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์˜์—ญ ์™ธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‚ฌ์—…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์˜๋ฌด์ œ๊ณต ๋ฐ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ๋™์˜ ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. The realization of universal service is one of the primary ideas of broadcasting policy. However, it has confronted with difficulty in competitive media environment, and terrestrial TVs re-transmission system was its typical example. Conflict between competitors has led to lawsuits. The apparent issue of lawsuits was a row over copyrights, but when it faced changes in media industry. this served as a momentum to check the feasibility and necessity of terrestrial TVs characteristics as universal service. This study is based on precedent analysis of re-transmission about universal service and competition issues. The result of precedent analysis shows that there is a limit to the realization of universal ervice through re-transmission system under the condition that the concept of universal service is not written in law, and policy goal is ambiguous. Also, the re-transmission system should be improved considering the judgement of court which recognizes current media industry as competitive market where terrestrial TV and pay TV compete directly. The idea of universal service should be embodied in Broadcasting Act, and its concept and scope has to be specified to impose coverage obligation on broadcasters so that the must-carry rule can be utilized as policy means. As for the broadcasters irrelevant to the universal service, it needs to prepare way of introducing must-carry and re-transmission assent system and providing reasonable re-transmission fee based on the competition policy

    ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ๋ฐฉ์†ก ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†์ต ์š”์ธ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ด์ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ˜„ํ•˜์˜ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์‹œ์ฒญ๊ถŒ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•œ ์œ ํšจ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์„ ์žก๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์†ก ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์œ ํšจ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ™•๋ณด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ ๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ์†ก ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์ต์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ ๋ฃŒํ”Œ๋žซํผ์‚ฌ์—…์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ๋ฐฉ์†ก ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ์ •์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ์ด์ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์‹œ์ฒญ๊ถŒ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์žฌ์†ก์‹  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค

    Process Evaluation of IPTV Introduction Policy

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” IPTV ๋„์ž… ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์†ก ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ์ƒ‰์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€(process evaluation)๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์™œ ํŠน์ • ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€, ํ˜น์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ… ํ˜•์„ฑ, ์ •์ฑ… ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ง‘ํ–‰, ์ •์ฑ… ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…, ์ •์ฑ… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ IPTV ๋„์ž… ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋งค์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— 600๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์žฅ ์•ˆ์ฐฉ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ •์ฑ… ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์„ค๊ณ„, ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ดํ•ด ๋ถ€์กฑ, ์ •์ฑ… ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์€ IPTV ๋„์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์‚ฐ์—… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํŠน์ • ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ์ƒ‰์  ์‹œ๋„๋กœ์„œ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.This is an exploratory research to implement the process evaluation of broadcast policy on introduction of IPTV. Process evaluation of policy is different from outcomeโ€oriented performance evaluation in that it tries to find out the answers why such results come (and didnt come) from specific policies. Descriptive factors of process evaluation such as policy making, policy planning, implementation, feedback from intended party, government intervention, and policy environment show that governments intention and intervention for the policy enabled IPTV to settle down in the market with 6 million subscribers secured within the shortest time compared to existing media. On the other hand, there is a critical evaluation that ambiguity in policy planning caused by conflicts and compromise in policy making process, governments lack of understanding of broadcasting market, subscriberโ€oriented business direction of intended party has prevented policy from realizing its goals such as the enhancement of content industry and the encouragement of competition by introducing IPTV. This study is an exploratory attempt not to evaluate performances of policy based on its consequences but to find the cause of certain consequences of media policy, and to seek improvement. More importantly, this study has its meaning that it shows the usability of process evaluation that can be applied to further policy evaluation of various broadcast policy

    (The) analysis of determinant of propensity for an emotion and behavior problems and ADHD of grade-schoolers

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ, ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ์— ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ๊ฒฐํ• ๊ณผ์ž‰ํ–‰๋™์„ฑํ–ฅ(ADHD)์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์†Œ์•„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ด‘์—ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณด๊ฑด์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ง€์› ํ•˜์— ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ADHD ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 1์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 2๊ฐœ๊ตฌ 7๊ฐœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„์ƒ 535๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์ , ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ADHD ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ADHD์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๋ชจ ํ•™๋ ฅ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด, ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ G๊ตฌ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฌธ์ œ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.ADHD์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์„ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์ , ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ADHD์„ฑํ–ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” G๊ตฌ, ํ•™๊ต๋Š” C์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต, ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž, ๋ถ€๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ADHD ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ADHD์„ฑํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋ถ€์˜์–‘๊ทนํ™”์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„ ์‹ค์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์•„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ADHD ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ทผ์ €๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ์—ญ์ด ๋  ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ข€ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ตœ๊ทผ, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„๋™์˜ ํ•™๊ต์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ •์„œ-ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ADHD์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์„œ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ADHD์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์œ ์ „์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋“ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •์„œํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ADHD์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ณ„์ธต์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The aim of this research is to put out a basic data of social Approach by analyzing the cause related to ADHD propensity and emotion and behavior problems that frequently occurring among the school-aged children lately.We used the first data of ADHD sorting inspection which was conducted under the technical support of Seoul children adolescent mental health center. The subject of 535, the first grade-schoolers were selected from 7 grade schools in two districts of Seoul, through who we inspected regional traits and their eneral traits with a technical analysis, and compared the difference of propensity according to a regional, population sociological trait with emotion and behavior problems according to their trait, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to find out the cause which has influence on ADHD propensity and emotion and behavior problems.The results of multiple regression analysis into ADHD propensity and related factor showed that on which a school, sex, economic level have statistically significant influences. The differences of ADHD propensity with a regional, population sociological trait showed the higher in ADHD propensity against G district in regions, C grade school, men in sex, and the lower level of their parents' educational background and economic standard.The results of multiple regression analysis into an emotion and behavior problems and the related factor showed that on which gender, the subjects' mother's educational background, economic standard have influences in total social competence, and schools and economic level have influences in behavior problems. The emotion and behavior problems that accompanied by each subject's traits showed the higher in troublesome propensity against G district in region, women in gender, and the lower level of the subjects' parental educational background and economic standard.The low economic standard indicated as risk factors in ADHD propensity and motion and behavior problems is very suggestive in consideration of present state of deepening the gap widening in health as well as in wealth todayThrough this research, we sought the factors that impact upon the ADHD propensity and emotion and behavior problems that lately raising as a social concern in connection with children adolescent mental health. Mental health is the most important part in forming the basis of physical health and it should be treated seriously as the children are leading part of the nation in the future.Lately, with the change of matrimonial values and culture, intermarriages are rapidly increasing and from which fact a serious social problem is expected with a maladjustment to schools and community of mixed blood children. But we haven't put out in this research any results about the ADHD propensity and emotion and behavior problems of such children by reason of lack of right data of it.In hereafter research, it requires to consider a various emotion aspects for these children born by intermarriages, and to study, with the consideration, about variables of genetic factors and a detailed earnings items which is presently known as an ADHDโ€˜s factor. In addition, for the low economic standard is indicated as the major factor that impacting on ADHD propensity and emotion and behavior problems, acontinual research and nation's political intervention about the mental health for such children of low income bracket are required.ope

    ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2014. 2. ๋ฐ•ํ˜„์ •.2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์—, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„ ๋ณ€์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ. ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„(ANCOVA) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„์™€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€(2ํ•™๊ธฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ณ ์‚ฌ ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€) ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ธ์ธ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๋Š” 2ํ•™๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ง๊ณ ์‚ฌ ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋จผ์ € ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„ ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด 11๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ธํƒ€๋‹น๋„์™€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๋‚ด์ ์ผ์น˜๋„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(Cronbach's )๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ D ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„ 234๋ช…์œผ๋กœ, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ 1๋ช…์˜ ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ํ˜„์ง ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3๋ช…์˜ ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ํ˜„์ง ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(F=5.37, p<.05), ๋ถ„์„์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ๋„, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(F=5.28, p<.05), ๋ถ„์„์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„(SES)๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ๋„, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(F=5.96, p<.05), ๋ถ„์„์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 1. ๋…ผ์ˆ ํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5 2. ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ 11 3. ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„ 19 4. ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ 22 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 26 1. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ 26 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 27 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 28 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 31 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 42 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 44 V. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 45 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„ 45 2. ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์œ ํ˜• ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„ 49 3. ์‚ฌํ›„ ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ๋ฐ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ 54 VI. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 58 1. ์š”์•ฝ 58 2. ๋…ผ์˜ 59 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 63 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 69 Abstract 81Maste

    ํ†ต์ผ ์ธ์‹ ์ œ๊ณ ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์—ญํ• : ํ†ต์ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ

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    ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ผ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ํ‰ํ™”์™€ ํ†ต์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ†ต์ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„์ž… ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ, ํŠน์ • ๋งค์ฒด, ํŠน์ • ์žฅ๋ฅด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ์ด์ฒด์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ํ†ต์ผ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ†ต์ผ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ผ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์ ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋‹จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ผ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋„, ์˜ˆ๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์žฅ๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค

    The Effects of Obesity on Health Expenditure among Adult Householders in Korea

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต),2019. 8. ์ดํƒœ์ง„.Background It is widely known that the pattern of disease changes from infectious to chronic diseases along with the changes in lifestyle among individuals and environmental factors, coupled with the overall improvement in living standards. Among others, obesity is considered one of the individual risk factors, as it is known to increase the mortality rate in total mortality, mortality in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and increase the risk of depression as well as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dysentery, osteoarthritis, asthma, coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome (Korea Obesity Society Medical Guide Committee, 2018). Korea showed traditionally low obesity rate among its population, and the obesity rate is not high at this point in comparison with other countries. However, in terms of its rising trend, Korea is expected to be at the top of the OECD list along with Switzerland, and if the increase continues, the number of people who are obese is expected to be doubled to 9 percent by 2030 (OECD, 2017). As the problem of obesity is not a mere health threat affecting individuals' health status and quality of life and contributing to the burden of medical expenses, as well as increasing direct and indirect socioeconomic losses such as national medical spending, loss of health life and reduced labor productivity, it has been a subject of interest in health policy. Many of the previous studies classified the cost of obesity as direct expenses including medical expenses, nursing costs, and transportation costs, and indirect expenses including early death losses and lost productivity. Those studies firstly select obesity-related disease groups and collect all the costs from the entire disease group (National Health Insurance Corporation, 2017; Health Insurance Policy Institute, 2018; Jeong Young-ho, Ko Sook-hee and Yoon-hee; 2013). Although the results were frequently mentioned in policy arena and were used as a basis for national policy implementation thanks to its advantages of helping to comprehensively identify and measure the social cost of obesity, there is a limit to the question of the accuracy of indirect cost estimation and the direct relationship between obesity and medical costs. But another previous findings suggest that there is a possibility of underestimating the relationship between obesity and medical costs if endogeneity is not taken into account. Therefore it will be necessary to more accurately analyze the size of the burden of medical costs directly caused by obesity in the Korean context where both of public medical spending and obesity rate are rising rapidly. In addition to the previous research, this research was designed to provide reliable basis for the effects of obesity on medical expenditure by using data from the Korea Medical Panel, which provides representative samples of health care use and medical expenses. In addition, this research is aimed to identify the impact of obesity on medical expenses by gender and income. Methods This study analyzed the impact of obesity on medical costs based on Anderson's medical use behavioral model (Anderson, 1995) using the Korea Medical Panel Data 2008-2015 (Version 1.4). For the analysis, OLS regression, instrument variable approach, and two-part model analysis were utilized. Considering the problem of endogeneity of obesity, the BMI of familys first child was utilized as this has been regarded as an efficient instrument variable identified in the previous studies. For two-part model analysis, Part 1 of the probability of using medical service was estimated as a logit model as a first stage analysis, and the actual amount of service use was estimated using OLS regression method and instrument variable. Result Although OLS regression analysis does not show a significant effect for the BMI on health care costs, the increased level of medical costs was significantly identified for the obese sample population. According to the analysis results based on obesity, the total medical expense was estimated to increase by 53% for the obese on average. Medical expenditure of the obese male was also significantly increased in sub-group analysis. Household income also had a significant impact on the increase in medical expenditure. It was also estimated that those who are medical aids recipients (including type 1 and 2) spent 105% more than the employed population. According to the two-part model analysis on the probability of medical use and the actual amount of service utilization, BMI did not significantly affect both medical use probability and medical expenditure, the magnitude of the impact was also minor. However, when using IV TPM, an increase in the average BMI resulted in increased medical use (ฮฒ=0.16, p=0.09). Separate analyses using being obese (BMI 25 or higher) as a variable of interest showed significant increases in the amount of medical expenses of individuals (ฮฒ=0.45; p=0.08), but there was no significant effect on the probabilities of using medical services. Conclusions Building upon the previous studies that explored the relationship between obesity and medical costs by analysing the burden of disease, estimating the cost of care and productivity loss, and analyzing the impact of health value on the economy and society, the findings of this study are the following. Two-part Model analysis shows that obesity does not affect the probability of using medical services (BMI 25 or higher), but significantly increases health care expenditure in the obese group over the normal group. On the other hand, medical costs were also found to increase as total household income increased per year. The TPM analysis also found that income has a consistently significant effect on the increase in health care coverage and utilization of medical services. Considering the limitation in data that can match the BMI between parents and their children, the study's additional significance is likely to be found as an exploratory conclusion utilizing a child's BMI as an instrument variable with nationally representative data.์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ๋น„์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ , ์•” ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ , ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ์ด์ƒ์ง€์งˆํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ์ฒœ์‹, ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด (๋Œ€ํ•œ๋น„๋งŒํ•™ํšŒ ์ง„๋ฃŒ์ง€์นจ์œ„์›ํšŒ, 2018) ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฌํƒ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๋งŒ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2030๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ 2๋ฐฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ 9%์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (OECD, 2017). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ดํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋“ฑ ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„, ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋น„, ๊ตํ†ต๋น„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘๋น„์™€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์†์‹ค์•ก ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†์‹ค์•ก์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ตฐ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, 2018; ์ •์˜ํ˜ธ, ๊ณ ์ˆ™์ž and ์ž„ํฌ์ง„, 2010; ์œค๋‚œํฌ and ๊ถŒ์ˆœ๋งŒ 2013). ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ๋น„์šฉ ์ถ”๊ณ„์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์†Œ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ž์„  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒํŒจ๋„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋“์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒํŒจ๋„ 2008~2015๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ (Version 1.4) ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ธ 2015๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ค‘ Anderson์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ํ–‰๋™๋ชจํ˜• (Anderson, 1995)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ์ž์Šน๋ฒ• ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ Two-part model ๋ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์†Œ์ž์Šน์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ Two-part model ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ํšจ์œจ์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ BMI๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Two-part Model ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง„์—ฌ๋ถ€ (Part 1)๋ฅผ ๋กœ์ง“ ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์†Œ์ž์Šน๋ฒ• ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์†Œ์ž์Šน์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ OLS ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” BMI์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น„๋งŒ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด BMI 25๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋Š” 53% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ํ•˜์œ„๊ตฐ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ์ƒ์Šน์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธ‰์—ฌ (1/2์ข…) ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๋ณด๋‹ค 105% ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉํ™•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Two-part Model ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์—ฐ์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ BMI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ BMI๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ ํ™•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ Two-part Model ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” 10% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ BMI์˜ 1๋‹จ์œ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  (ฮฒ=0.16, p=0.09), BMI 25๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ Two-part Model ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (ฮฒ=1.45, p=0.08). ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†์‹ค ๋“ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋‚ด์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉํ™•๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ Two-part Model ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ (BMI 25 ์ด์ƒ) ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ ํ™•๋ฅ ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๋กœ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ด๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋“์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. TPM ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋„ ์†Œ๋“ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง„์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ž๋…€์˜ BMI๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ž๋…€์˜ BMI๋ฅผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํƒ์ƒ‰์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 6 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ 9 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 14 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์› ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 14 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ํ‹€ 15 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ •์˜ 16 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 20 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 22 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 22 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ถ„์„ 27 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉํ™•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Two-part Model ๋ถ„์„ 32 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 40 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 40 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  42 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 44 Abstract 47Maste

    Effects of vitamin C on memory CD8+ T cell-inducing properties of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2011.8. ํ™ฉ์˜์ผ.Docto

    ์ € ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋ชจ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,2000.Maste
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