5 research outputs found

    EGFR λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” NSCLCν™˜μžμ—μ„œ 3μ„ΈλŒ€ EGFR TKI인 λ ‰λΌμž (λ ˆμ΄μ €ν‹°λ‹™)에 λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ‚΄μ„± κΈ°μ „, β€˜EGFR/BRAF fusion’ 에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    EGFR-TKI is an established first-line therapy for NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations. Lazertinib (YH25448), 3rd-generation EGFR-TKI, has been reported as an outstanding drug that had similar efficacy as osimertinib which was investigated as a first-in-class drug. Apart from its significant clinical benefits, it inevitably triggers an acquired drug resistance. Diverse resistance mechanisms to 3rd-generation EGFR TKI have been reported including loss of EGFR T790M, acquirement of EGFR C797S mutation, Met amplification, activation of other bypass pathway. However, a large part of the resistance mechanisms remains unknown so far. To explore the mechanism of resistance to lazertinib, I established lazertinib-resistant cell lines with four NSCLC cells including the patient-derived cell line (PDC), patient-derived tumor xenograft cell line (PDTC) and ATCC cell lines. I found that the EGFR/BRAF fusion mRNA and protein were specifically upregulated in an established lazertinib-resistant cell line. Consistently, I detected the EGFR/BRAF fusion gene expression in patient-derived xenografts obtained from patients who experienced acquired resistance to lazertinib. Most notably, combination treatment of lazertinib and MEK inhibitor obviously overcame lazertinib-acquired resistance with EGFR/BRAF fusion in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the combination therapy of EGFR and MEK inhibitors might be a promising therapeutic option for overcoming lazertinib-acquired resistant NSCLC patients with EGFR/BRAF fusion gene in clinic. μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 폐암은 μ•” κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬λ§μ˜ μ£Όμš” 원인 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„μ†Œ 세포 폐암 (NSCLC) μ€‘μ—μ„œ ν‘œν”Ό μ„±μž₯ 인자 수용체 (EGFR) λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λŠ” 폐암 μ›μΈμ˜ 상당 뢀뢄을 μ°¨μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이에 따라 EGFR λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” NSCLC ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ moleculartargeted therapy 인 EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) 에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 ν™œλ°œν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. EGFR TKI λŠ” EGFR λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•˜λŠ” NSCLC 에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν™•λ¦½λœ first-line therapy μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. NSCLC μ—μ„œ EGFR λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄μ˜ μ•½ 85 %λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” Exon 19 deletion κ³Ό Exon 21 missense mutation (L858R) 은 1 μ„ΈλŒ€ 및 2 μ„ΈλŒ€ EGFR TKI 에 λ°˜μ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 초기의 쒋은 μΉ˜λ£Œνš¨κ³Όμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν™˜μžλŠ” 치료 9-13 κ°œμ›” ν›„ λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•˜κ²Œ disease progression 이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν™˜μžμ˜ μ•½ 50-60 %λŠ” 1 μ„ΈλŒ€ 및 2 μ„ΈλŒ€ EGFR TKI 에 λŒ€ν•œ ν›„μ²œμ  λ‚΄μ„± κΈ°μ „μœΌλ‘œμ¨ T790M λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ 되며, 이에 따라 3 μ„ΈλŒ€ EGFR TKI κ°€ T790M λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄ NSCLC 을 νƒ€κ²Ÿ ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. Lazertinib 은 3 μ„ΈλŒ€ EGFR TKI 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ©° T790M λ‚΄μ„± λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ‘œ ν™œμ„±ν™”λœ EGFR 을 μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ°¨λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ Lazertinib 은 μž„μƒ I / II 상 dose-escalation μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 치료효과λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€κ³ , ν˜„μž¬ EGFR λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” locally advanced ν˜Ήμ€ metastatic NSCLC ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ first-line treatment 둜써의 lazertinib 의 효λŠ₯κ³Ό μ•ˆμ „μ„±μ„ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 진행쀑인 μž„μƒ 3 상 연ꡬ가 진행 μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. Lazertinib 은 μž„μƒμ—μ„œ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ 효과λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ EGFR TKI와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 내성을 κ°–κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. Lazertinib 에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚΄μ„± 기전을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, 6 κ°œμ›” μ΄μƒμ˜ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ ATCC, PDC, PDX cell line μ—μ„œ lazertinib 에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚΄μ„± 세포주λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 기쑴의 세포주와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 내성세포주(YH1R)μ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμ΄ μƒκΈ°λŠ” genetic level, molecular level, drug screening 의 세가지 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό RNA-seq 뢄석을 톡해 genetic alteration, gene expression level 을 ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ νƒ€κ²Ÿμ„ λ°œκ΅΄ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. PC9GR_YH1R μ„Έν¬μ£Όμ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ EGFR / BRAF fusion transcript λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , EGFR / BRAF fusion mRNA 및 protein 이 lazertinib λ‚΄μ„± μ„Έν¬μ£Όμ—μ„œ 특이적으둜 λ°œν˜„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ EGFR / BRAF fusion gene 이 lazertinib 에 λŒ€ν•œ 내성을 κ°–λŠ” ν™˜μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 얻은 ν™˜μž 유래 μƒ˜ν”Œ(PDTX)μ—μ„œ λ˜ν•œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ lazertinib κ³Ό MEK inhibitor 의 λ³‘μš© μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ EGFR/BRAF fusion 을 κ°–λŠ” lazertinib resistant model μ—μ„œ resistant λ₯Ό 극볡할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 in vitro 및 in vivo study λ₯Ό 톡해 증λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 lazertinib 에 λŒ€ν•œ ν›„μ²œμ  내성을 가진 NSCLC μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ lazertinib 의 λ‚΄μ„±κΈ°μ „μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ EGFR / BRAF fusion gene 을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ lazertinib 으둜 νšλ“ν•œ λ‚΄μ„± NSCLC model μ—μ„œ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ν•­ μ’…μ–‘ 효과λ₯Ό 보여쀀 lazertinib κ³Ό trametinib 의 λ³‘μš© 치료λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°œκ²¬μ€ EGFR κ³Ό MEK inhibitor 의 λ³‘μš© μš”λ²•μ΄ μž„μƒμ—μ„œ lazertinib 에 μ˜ν•œ 내성을 κ°–λŠ” NSCLC ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μœ λ§ν•œ 치료 μ˜΅μ…˜ 일 수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.open석

    μΆœμ•„νš¨λͺ¨μ—μ„œ ν‘œμ ν™” κ²½λ‘œμ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄-μ „μ’Œνš¨μ†Œ 맞물림 κΈ°μž‘μ˜ 차이 뢄석

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μžμ—°κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ 생λͺ…κ³Όν•™λΆ€,2020. 2. κΉ€ν˜„μ•„.In yeast, 30% of proteome is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as the first stage secretory pathway. The translocation into ER could be separated into three steps: delivery from the cytosol to ER surface, an engagement of substrate and translocon, and after initiation of translocation. This study focused on the early stage docking process. To explain the dynamics of translocation, the head-in and inversion model and looped conformation model have been suggested. Thus, the purpose of this study is examining the suitability of models. For this, I classified the signal sequences depended on which model signals sequences followed. The test substrates were derived from CPY from modifying the length of N-region and the hydrophobicity of signal sequence. I sought that Sec62 dependent and SRP independent signal sequences were inhibited their translocation by long N-region, and the positive charge rescued translocation of them. The translocation of SRP dependent signal sequences was originally not affected by the length of N-region. However, when the positive charge of N-region was eliminated, translocation of SRP dependent signal sequences shown Sec62 and Sec71/72 dependence and were affected by N-region length. Therefore, these were suggested that 1) post-translocational substrate follows the head-in and inversion model, which is easily affected by the length of N-region, and 2) co-translocational substrate follows two models alternatively pursuant to charge distribution around the signal sequence. Furthermore, the effects of N-region length and charge distribution were generally occurred at the other natural signal sequences, not only for CPY and its derivatives.μΆœμ•„νš¨λͺ¨μ˜ 막 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆκ³Ό λΆ„λΉ„ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ λΆ„λΉ„κ²½λ‘œμ˜ 첫 λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ μ†Œν¬μ²΄λ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λ©° μ΄λŠ” 전체 효λͺ¨ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ²΄μ˜ μ•½ 30%λ₯Ό μžλ¦¬ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ†Œν¬μ²΄λ‘œμ˜ μ „μ’Œλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μ„Έ 단계; μ„Έν¬μ§ˆμ—μ„œ ν•©μ„±λœ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ μ†Œν¬μ²΄λ‘œ κ·Όμ ‘ν•˜λŠ” 단계, λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ 말단이 μ „μœ„νš¨μ†Œ 볡합체 SECκ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 단계, μ „μ’Œκ°€ 본격적으둜 μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” 단계 각각을 이해할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ „μ’Œ κ·Ήμ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μ „μ’Œνš¨μ†Œμ™€ μ „μ’ŒκΈ°μ§ˆμ΄ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 과정에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ•žμ„  μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 직진-μ—­μ „ λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό 고리 λͺ¨ν˜• 두 가지가 μ œμ‹œλ˜μ–΄μ™”λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 이번 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 두 λͺ¨λΈμ΄ μ ν•©ν•œμ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 각각의 λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” κΈ°μ§ˆμ„ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λΈ κΈ°μ§ˆμ€ CPY의 μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ λ§λ‹¨μ˜ 길이, μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄ μ†Œμˆ˜μ„±μ„ λ³€ν˜•ν•˜μ—¬ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 Sec62에 의쑴적이고 SRP에 λΉ„μ˜μ‘΄μ μΈ μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄μ€ μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ λ§λ‹¨μ˜ 길이가 μ¦κ°€ν• μˆ˜λ‘ μ „μ’Œκ°€ λŠλ €μ§€λ©°, μ–‘μ „ν•˜μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ „μ’Œ 속도가 νšŒλ³΅λ˜λŠ” 것을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. SRP 의쑴적인 μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄μ˜ μ „μ’ŒλŠ” μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ λ§λ‹¨μ˜ 길이에 λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ λ§λ‹¨μ˜ μ–‘μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό μ—†μ• μž Sec62, Sec71/72에 의쑴적으둜 λ³€ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ λ§λ‹¨μ˜ 길이에도 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ²ˆμ—­ν›„μ „μ’Œμ˜ κΈ°μ§ˆμ€ μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ 말단 길이의 영ν–₯을 λ°›κΈ° μ‰¬μš΄ 직진-μ—­μ „ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ”°λ₯΄κ³ , λ²ˆμ—­μ€‘μ „μ’Œμ˜ κΈ°μ§ˆμ€ μ „ν•˜λΆ„ν¬μ— 따라 μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄μ˜ 초기 λ°©ν–₯이 κ²°μ •λœλ‹€κ³  ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ CPY μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ κΈ΄ μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ 말단과 μ‹ ν˜Έμ„œμ—΄ μ£Όλ³€μ˜ μ „ν•˜λΆ„ν¬κ°€ μ „μ’Œμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯이 λ³΄νŽΈμ μž„μ„ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 3 INTRODUCTION 4 I.1 Study Background 5 I.1.1 Protein translocation across the secretory pathway 5 I.1.2 Subcomplexes of the SEC translocon 8 I.1.3 Two routes into the ER: conventional distinction 10 I.1.4 The orientation of a signal sequence 10 I.1.5 The signal sequence docking models: a head-in and inversion and a looped conformation 13 I.1.6 Remaining problems 14 1.2. Purpose of Research 14 METHODS 15 M.1 Yeast strains 16 M.2 Plasmid construction 16 M.3 Prediction of N-length and hydrophobicity of signal sequences 16 M.4 Prediction of N-length and hydrophobicity of signal sequences 17 M.5 Western blot 17 M.6 Autoradiographic pulse-labelling and chase of proteins 17 RESULTS 20 R.1 The extension of N-region inhibited SRP independent secretory proteins but not to SRP dependent hydrophobic signal sequences 21 R.2 The length of N-region is critical to inhibit the translocation of SRP independent CPY signal sequences than the charge, secondary structure, and mature part of preproteins. 25 R.3 The charge distribution along N-region modulates the temporal translocation rate than the initial engagement of SRP independent signal sequences 28 R.4 Translocation of weakly positive charge-biased signal sequences required Sec62, Sec71/72 even if they were SRP dependent 31 DISCUSSION 35 초둝 42Maste

    Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM-10 and Catalytic Evaluation of Pt/K-ZSM-10 for n-Hexane Aromatization.

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    MasterThe synthesis of zeolite ZSM-10 with the MOZ topology and the catalytic properties of platinum supported K+ exchanged of ZSM-10 (Pt/K-ZSM-10) for the aromatization of n-hexane are presented. When the 1,4-diazocyclo[2,2,2]octane (1,4-dimethyl DABCO) hydroxide is used as an organic structure-directing agent together with K+, crystallization of pure ZSM-10 is very sensitive not only to the Si/Al molar ratio, but also to the concentration of K2O in the synthesis mixture. The physicochemical properties of Pt/K-ZSM-10 and its catalytic properties for the aromatization of n-hexane are compared with those obtained from Pt/K-L, which is the commercialized catalyst for this process. Although, when Pt loading level was fixed to be ca. 1.0 wt%, Pt/K-ZSM-10 and Pt/K-L shows comparable Pt dispersion levels, Pt/K-ZSM-10 was found to show the lower n-hexane aromatization activity, due to Pt clusters easily migrate to the external surface of the zeolite catalyst. The overall characterization and catalytic results of this work demonstrate that nanocrystallity of ZSM-10 is one of the most crucial factors influencing location of platinum and thus n-hexane activity
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