92 research outputs found
Soluble CD93 in allergic asthma
CD93 has been shown critical roles in inflammatory and immune diseases. However, in allergic asthma, the potential roles of soluble CD93 (sCD93) have not been well studied. We conducted house dust mite (HDM) stimulation with Der p 1 in BEAS-2B and U937 cells, followed by treatment with dexamethasone or small interfering RNA against CD93. A HDM-induced murine allergic asthma model was also established. We estimated the power of sCD93 to predict allergic asthma in a retrospective post-hoc analysis containing 96 human samples. HDM-stimulated BEAS-2B cells showed increased mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, TSLP, and CD93. The CD93 level in culture supernatants steadily increased for 24βh after allergen stimulation, which was significantly suppressed by both dexamethasone and CD93 silencing. CD93 silencing increased IL-6 and TSLP, but not IL-33 levels in culture supernatants. HDM-induced asthma mice showed significant airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation with Th2 cytokine activation, along with decreased CD93 expression in bronchial epithelial cells and lung homogenates but increased serum CD93 levels. The sCD93 level in asthma patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls and could predict asthma diagnosis with moderate sensitivity (71.4%) and specificity (82.4%) (AUCβ=β0.787, Pβ<β0.001). The level of sCD93 which has potential role to predict asthma significantly increased after HDM stimulation via IL-6 and TSLP in vitro and in vivo.ope
Novel Sensitive, Two-site ELISA for the Quantification of Der f 1 Using Monoclonal Antibodies
ope
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A large number of house dust mites live in homes worldwide and produce the most important allergens which cause allergic diseases to the genetically predisposed individuals perennially. Herewith, the literatures published on the survey of dust mites in Korea were reviewed. In most studies, mites were isolated and investigated from the house dust samples collected by using household vacuum cleaners. Among more than 30 species of house dust mites recorded in Korea, Dermatophagoides farinae was found to be the most predominant species in homes, followed by D. pteronyssinus. House dust mites were most frequently encountered in dust from bedding samples followed by kitchen samples, in which Tyrophagus putrescentiae, a storage mite species, was the most frequently found species. The highest mite density and allergen concentration were shown in autumn. It would be useful if the standard method for the investigation of dust mite density is established for the field survey. Measuring the number of mites per unit area (1 m2) collected in a given time (2 minutes) using a house-hold vacuum cleaners equiped with nonwovens is suggested here as an objective and convenient method for the survey on house dust mites. Mites can be detected directly from fine dust samples using a stereomicroscope or isolated by technique utilizing saturated salt water. In the future, more field surveys and laboratory studies are necessary for the investigation on the relationship between house dust mites in homes and various allergic diseasesope
Allergenicity and Stability of 6 New Korean Bony Fish Extracts
Purpose: Diagnostic tests for allergen sensitization should reflect real exposure. We made 6 new bony fish extracts, which are consumed popularly in Korea, and evaluated their allergenicity and stability.
Methods: We manufactured fish extracts from codfish, mackerel, common eel, flounder, cutlass, and catfish. Protein and parvalbumin (PV) were evaluated by Bradford assay, 2-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and anti-PV immunoblotting. The immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivities of the extracts were evaluated with ImmunoCAP and IgE immunoblotting using sera from 24 Korean fish allergy patients, 5 asymptomatic sensitizers, and 11 non-atopic subjects. Stability of the extracts stored in 4 different buffers were evaluated for up to a year.
Results: The protein concentrations of commercial SPT fish extracts varied with up to a 7.5-fold difference. SDS-PAGE showed marked differences in the PV concentrations of commercial SPT reagents. Specific IgE measurements for the following investigatory fish extracts-iCodfish, iMackerel, and iEel-were concordant with that of their corresponding Phadia ImmunoCAP measurements. ImmunoCAP results showed marked IgE cross-reactivity among the fish species, and the overall sensitivity of ImmunoCAP with the investigatory fish extracts for identification of culprit fish species was 85.7%. The protein and PV concentrations in the investigatory extracts were highly stable in saline with 0.3% phenol-50% glycerol at 4Β°C for up to a year.
Conclusions: The commercial SPT fish extracts exhibited considerable variation in terms of allergenicity, which may impact on diagnostic accuracy. Our new fish extracts have sufficient allergenicity and stability and may be adequate to various clinical applications.ope
Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights into the Divergent Evolution of Astigmatic Mites and Household Pest Adaptations
Highly diversified astigmatic mites comprise many medically important human household pests such as house dust mites causing βΌ1-2% of all allergic diseases globally; however, their evolutionary origin and diverse lifestyles including reversible parasitism have not been illustrated at the genomic level, which hampers allergy prevention and our exploration of these household pests. Using six high-quality assembled and annotated genomes, this study not only refuted the monophyly of mites and ticks, but also thoroughly explored the divergence of Acariformes and the diversification of astigmatic mites. In monophyletic Acariformes, Prostigmata known as notorious plant pests first evolved, and then rapidly evolving Astigmata diverged from soil oribatid mites. Within astigmatic mites, a wide range of gene families rapidly expanded via tandem gene duplications, including ionotropic glutamate receptors, triacylglycerol lipases, serine proteases and UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Gene diversification after tandem duplications provides many genetic resources for adaptation to sensing environmental signals, digestion, and detoxification in rapidly changing household environments. Many gene decay events only occurred in the skin-burrowing parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Throughout the evolution of Acariformes, massive horizontal gene transfer events occurred in gene families such as UDP glucuronosyltransferases and several important fungal cell wall lytic enzymes, which enable detoxification and digestive functions and provide perfect drug targets for pest control. This comparative study sheds light on the divergent evolution and quick adaptation to human household environments of astigmatic mites and provides insights into the genetic adaptations and even control of human household pests.ope
The effects of a newsletter on bedding control on house dust mite allergen concentrations in childcare centers in Korea
OBJECTIVES: Bedding in childcare centers (CCCs) can hold house dust mite (HDM) allergens. This study examined whether HDM allergen levels can be reduced through the distribution of an educational newsletter on bedding control to parents of CCC children in Korea.
METHODS: All 38 CCCs were measured for Der 1 (sum of Der f 1 and Der p 1) concentrations on classroom floors and bedding before the intervention. Educational newsletters on children's bedding control were sent to 21 CCCs by mail, and teachers were asked to distribute the newsletters to the parents of the children (intervention group). The remaining 17 CCCs were not sent newsletters (control group). The measurement of Der 1 concentrations in 38 CCCs was repeated after the intervention. Dust samples were collected with a vacuum cleaner and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.
RESULTS: The Der 1 concentrations on the bedding were significantly higher than those on the floors in 38 CCCs at baseline (p<0.05). Although changes of the Der 1 concentrations for the control group (n=17) were not significant, Der 1 concentrations for the intervention group (n=21) decreased significantly from 2077.9 ng/g dust to 963.5 ng/g dust on the floors and from 3683.9 ng/g dust to 610.4 ng/g dust on bedding (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of educational newsletters on bedding control to parents may be an effective means of controlling HDMs in CCCs.ope
Variability in German Cockroach Extract Composition Greatly Impacts T Cell Potency in Cockroach-Allergic Donors
German cockroach extract is used clinically to evaluate allergen-specific sensitization and for subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy, though there are no guidelines for standardization in its manufacture. We performed an immunological evaluation of 12 different cockroach extracts prepared from different sources and their potency to induce allergen-specific T cell reactivity. PBMC from 13 cockroach allergic donors were expanded in vitro with 12 different German cockroach extracts. After culture expansion, cells were re-stimulated with the different extracts and T cell responses were assessed by FluoroSpot (IL-5, IFNΞ³ and IL-10 production). In parallel to the extracts, single allergen peptide pools for allergens from groups 1, 2, 4, 5, and 11 were tested to determine allergen immunodominance. Furthermore, to assess allergy specificity, PBMC from 13 non-allergic donors were also tested with the most potent extract and T cell responses were compared to the allergic cohort. Dramatic variations in T cell reactivity were observed to the different cockroach extract batches. Response magnitudes varied over 3 logs within a single donor. IL-5 production in the allergic cohort was significantly higher compared to the non-allergic cohort (p=0.004). Allergen content determination by ELISA detected much lower concentrations of Bla g 5 compared to Bla g 1 and 2. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that Bla g 5 was present in similar amounts to Bla g 1 and 2 in extracts made from whole body, whereas it was not detected in extracts made from fecal matter, suggesting that Bla g 5 is not excreted into feces. Different donors exhibit different response patterns to different extracts, potentially dependent on the donor-specific T cell allergen immunodominance pattern and the allergen content of the extract tested. These findings have dramatic implications for the selection of potent extracts used for diagnostic purposes or allergen-specific immunotherapy.ope
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μμ€μμ μ§λ³μ κΈ°μμ μ΄ν΄νλλ° ν° λμμ μ€ κ²μ΄λΌ μμΈ‘λλ€.Since the full genome sequences of Sacchromyces cerevisiae were released in 1996, genome sequences of over 90 fungal species have become publicly available. The heterogeneous formats of genome sequences archived in different sequencing centers hampered the integration of the data for efficient and comprehensive comparative analyses. The Comparative Fungal Genomics Platform (CFGPhttp://cfgp.snu.ac.kr/) was developed to archive these data via a single standardized format that can support multifaceted and integrated analyses of the data. To facilitate efficient data visualization and utilization within and across species based on the architecture of CFGP and associated databases, a new genome browser was needed.
So, we developed the SNUGB that integrates various types of genomic information derived from 91 fungal/oomycete (129 datasets) and 33 plant and animal (37 datasets) species, graphically presents germane features and properties of each genome, and supports comparison between genomes. The SNUGB provides three different forms of the data presentation interface, including diagram, table, and text, and six different display options to support visualization and utilization of the stored information. Information for individual species can be quickly accessed via a new tool named the taxonomy browser. In addition, SNUGB offers four useful data annotation/analysis functions, including BLAST annotation. The modular design of SNUGB makes its adoption to support other comparative genomic platforms easy and facilitates continuous expansion.
The SNUGB serves as a powerful platform supporting comparative and functional genomics within the fungal kingdom and also across other kingdoms. All data and functions are available at the web site http://genomebrowser.snu.ac.kr/.
As the enormous genome reveals and functional genomics becomes more advanced, large-scale phenomics presents challenges encountered in new way for the efficient handling of data. For this reason, laboratory information management system was implemented in support of managing and querying the phenotype screening data for several model organisms. Notwithstanding many efforts of applying LIMS to microbial organism research and these all systems have same disciplines but these commodities are different among the platform because each organism has different guideline for getting information from phenotype assay and there was no previously developed LIMS platform in the field of filamentous fungi which has important pathogenic fungal agents like Magnaporthe oryzae one of the most destructive rice blast diseases throughout the worldwide rice cultivated area.
So, we developed LIMS for Magnaporthe oryzae to provide not only integrated management system for targeted knock-out but also standardized method like a guideline of phenotype assay and data acquisition formats like work process management system. In addition, we also produced close linkage that is based on locus number between phenotype data in LIMS system and genotype information in CFGP (http://cfgp.snu.ac.kr), a genome data warehouse.
This system will manage knock-out mutant by locus number, phenotype experimental assay by list of tasks, lab standard protocols, related or cited papers and influence on such research field. Sharing and comparing all standardized experimental results between all peer is supported by Global-Standard phenotype assay forms. And more easily speculate unknown genes that supported by ordered pre-existing results in LIMS database. Researchers can simply access these all system using user-friendly web-based LIMS database (http://lims.riceblast.snu.ac.kr).
LIMSMO is a valuable resource to serve the community who work on rice blast disease. Furthermore, it will shed light on a model platform for pathogenomics, not only Magnaporthe oryzae but also plant pathogenic fungi, to understand the disease mechanism at the systems level.ABSTRACT i
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
CHAPTER 1. SNUGB: a versatile gnome browser supporting comparative and functional fungal genomics
ABSTRACT 2
INTRODUCTION 4
RESULTS 24
I. Data processing via an automated pipeline and the function of Positional Database 24
II. Modular design of SNUGB facilitates its application 26
III. Properties of the fungal/oomycetes genomes archived in SNUGB 27
IV. Comparison of genome sequences of multiple isolates within species 32
V. Update of SNUGB 35
VI. Functions and tools 36
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 50
LITERATURE CITED 51
CHAPTER 2. Laboratory Information Management System for the fungal pathogenomics
ABSTRACT 61
INTRODUCTION 62
MATERIALS AND METHODS 66
I. Development of standardized phenotype assays based on published papers 66
II. Server operation 66
III. Database composition 66
IV. External program 67
V. Web system for LIMSMO 67
RESULTS 68
I. Development of standardized protocols 68
II. System structure and overall function of LIMSMO 71
III. Management of experimental data via the workflow-driven experimental design of LIMSMO 80
IV. Case study 85
V. Gold standard for phenotype assays 90
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 94
LITERATURE CITED 97
SUPPLEMENT DATA 102Docto
Stability of extracts from pollens of allergenic importance in Korea
BACKGROUND/AIMS:
Accurate diagnosis and the effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy for pollinosis are greatly dependent on the potency and stability of the extract. This study aimed to examine factors, such as temperature and storage buffer composition, that affect the stability of allergen extracts from pollens of allergenic importance in Korea.
METHODS:
We prepared four pollen allergen extracts from ragweed, mugwort, Japanese hop, and sawtooth oak, which are the most important causes of seasonal rhinitis in Korea. Changes of protein and major allergen concentration were measured over 1 year by Bradford assay, two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after reconstitution of the lyophilized allergen extract in various buffers and stored at room temperature (RT, 18Β°C to 26Β°C) or refrigerated (4Β°C).
RESULTS:
More than 90% of the original protein concentration in all four extracts examined was detected over 1 year when 50% glycerol was added and refrigerated, whereas 57.9% to 94.5% remained in the extracts at RT. The addition of 50% glycerol to the storage buffer was found to prevent protein degradation at RT. Amb a 1, a major allergen of ragweed, was almost completely degraded in 9 weeks at RT when reconstituted in a buffer without 50% glycerol. However, 55.6% to 92.8% of Amb a 1 content was detected after 1 year of incubation at 4Β°C in all buffer conditions except 0.3% phenol.
CONCLUSION:
Addition of 50% glycerol as well as refrigeration was found to be important in increasing the shelf-life of allergen extracts from pollens of allergenic importance.ope
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