중금속 오염토양 구연산 침출시 과산화수소의 영향

The remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal such as solidification/stabilization has been conducted to prevent migrating heavy metals. Korea soil cleanup standard was revised in 2009, and aqua regia is being used for leaching of heavy metal instead of 0.1N hydrochloric acid. The removal method of heavy metal from contaminated site such as soil washing is a better option than preventing heavy metal migration such as solidification/stabilization. Physical treatment has been found to be also effective and economical remediation method, but it is not available for fine particle size with under 75µm. The fine size of particle has large specific area so the removal efficiency by soil washing method could be expected to be better than coarse grain. This study is aimed to investigate the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil using soil washing. Three kinds of samples were collected from different contaminated soil area. These sites have been contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, copper and zinc. Firstly, sequential extraction method was conducted to determine chemical or mineralogical forms of heavy metals, and then citrate leaching efficiency was examined along with initial pH. In case of site A and B the summation of amounts bound to exchangeable, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide metal faction over 90%, and high leaching efficiency was observed above 85% in both site A and B, whereas site C shows low leaching efficiency with 40%, because site C 70% of contaminated metals existed as sulphide and residual metal fraction. The result suggests that leaching efficiency could be increased by dissolution of sulphide and residual fraction. Therefore, further leaching tests were performed in citrate solution with hydrogen peroxide addition. While leaching efficiency of lead in site B has been increased 98% by adding 0.013mol hydrogen peroxide, in site C zinc leaching efficiency showed 70% even with 0.13mol hydrogen peroxide addition.제 1 장 서 론 1 1.1. 연구배경 1 1.2. 중금속 오염토양의 특성 4 제 2 장 이론적 배경 7 2.1. 중금속 오염토양 정화 기술 7 2.1.1. 토양세척법 7 2.1.2. 구연산침출 12 제 3 장 실험방법 18 3.1. 중금속 농도 측정 및 연속추출실험 18 3.2. 구연산 침출실험 22 3.2.1. 구연산의 pH에 따른 침출 22 3.2.2. 과산화수소첨가의 따른 침출 22 제 4 장 실험결과 26 4.1. 오염토양 내 중금속 농도 및 형태 분석 결과 26 4.2. pH에 따른 중금속 침출율 29 4.3. 과산화수소의 첨가에 따른 침출율 35 제 5 장 결 론 41 감사의 글 43 참고문헌 4

Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis Secondary to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case Report

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A Case of Vancomycin-Induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia, Systemic Symptoms and Multiorgan Involvement Proven Using Lymphocyte Transformation Test

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), also referred to as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition induced by drug hypersensitivity that leads to significant morbidity and mortality and often occurs in patients undergoing combination antibiotic therapy. Due to a recent increase in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, the occurrence of vancomycin-induced DiHS/DRESS has increased rapidly. However, because of insufficient pharmacogenetic data on vancomycin-induced drug eruptions in Asians coupled with the risk of re-eliciting the symptoms by provocation tests, confirmation of the culprit drug in vancomycin-induced DiHS/DRESS is often challenging. Here, we report a case of vancomycin-induced DiHS/DRESS, where the causal relationship was confirmed using a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). A 51-year-old woman was treated with combination antibiotics, including vancomycin, for infective pericarditis. The patient subsequently developed fever, facial edema, generalized rash followed by multiple internal organ involvement, including the kidney, lung, liver, and heart. Thus, based on the International Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction (RegiSCAR) criteria, the case was diagnosed as ‘definite’ DiHS/ DRESS, although the culprit drug was obscured by combination antibiotic therapy. The LTT confirmed that vancomycin, but not other glycopeptide antibiotics, specifically induced T-cell proliferation in this case. Collectively, our case suggests that clinicians can utilize LTT to identify the causative medication of DiHS/DRESS when the clinical information is limited to defining the culprit drug. Copyright © The Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology.ope