Effects of Abdominal Breathing on Preterm Labor Anxiety

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of abdominal breathing on relieving anxiety in women diagnosed with preterm labor. Method: This was a pilot study, which was based on a repeated pre-post experiment design without a control group. Seven patients with preterm labor who were admitted to Y university medical center, Seoul, Korea, participated in the experiment. They were under receiving ritodrine hydrochloride(Yutopa) as tocolytic therapy and did not have any other complications. The patients were taught abdominal breathing, which is a modified version of Mason's breathing technique. The experimental treatments were done 33 times from February 18 to June 19 in 2005. Result: After abdominal breathing, the average psychological anxiety level decreased significantly. The physical anxiety levels of preterm labor patients were measured by blood pressure, pulse, and skin temperature. After abdominal breathing, the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 117.3mmHg to 107.6 mmHg (z=-3.85, p<.001) and from 67.3mmHg to 62.7 mmHg (z=-3.14, p<.005), respectively. The average pulse rate also decreased from 97.2/min to 89.8/mim (z=-4.76, p<.001). The average skin temperature increased from 94.0 to 94.9(z=-4.80. p<.001). Conclusion: Abdominal breathing is effective for relieving anxiety of women diagnosed with preterm labor. This study, however, has been limited to short-term effects, and therefore further studies are required in order to examine the long-term effects of abdominal breathing.ope

Content Analysis of Wormwood Smoke(Ssukjahun) Experiences in Women

Purpose: This Study aims to explore the Wormwood smoke(Ssukjahun) experiences of women and to provide the data to develop Korean traditional nursing intervention for women. Methods: A sample of 15 women aged between 20 to 60 years with Ssukjahun experiences was interviewed and content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Six categories and Thirty attributes were derived for Ssukjahun experiences in women. The reason of Ssukjahun is related to illness included vaginitis, insomnia, mental depression, circulation down of hand and feet, repeat abortion, dysmenorrhea, hemorrhoids, disc, rheumatism, and asthma. The place of Ssukjahun was home, oriental hospital and Ssukjahun room. Also method of Ssukjahun included steam methods and burn the wormwood. The time-consuming of Ssukjahun was about 30 minutes. The response and effect in Ssukjahunincluded relax, decreasing rhinitis, weight reduction, feel better, increasing circulation, sleep well, reducing constipation, insomnia, hemorrhoid, back pain, asthma, and dysmenorrhea. The negative effect of Ssukjahun included vesicle, headache, itching sense, generalache, acne, and edema. However, women who did Ssukjahun believed that is the belligerent reaction because it is gone after several times. The preference of Ssukjahun than hospital treatment is related to side effect of medication, temporary method for reducing symptom. Recommends: It is recommended for nurses to understand experience of Ssukjahun in women. If Ssukjahun is to be own nursing intervention, it has to find solutions to encourage positive experiences and overcome negative experiences. Also it recommended research for experience of men.ope

The Influencing Factors on Postpartum Fatigue in Parturient Women

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on postpartum fatigue in the parturient women. Methods: The data were collected from July to September, 2006 using self-report questionnaires. The sample was 143 healthy parturient women who visited the outpatient clinic at 2 hospitals for a routine follow up after childbirth. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 Win program. Results: There were significant differences in the postpartum fatigue by age, religion, sleep hour, and complaint of perceived health problem. The postpartum fatigue were significantly correlated with infant care stress(p<0.001), sleep satisfaction(p<0.001), and feeding difficulty(p=0.016). The multiple regression analysis showed that the postpartum fatigue were significantly predicted by the infant care stress, sleep satisfaction and complaint of perceived health problem. These variables explained 31.8% of the variance of postpartum fatigue. The infant care stress was the main predictor of postpartum fatigue. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the nursing intervention for reducing the infant care stress should be developed to manage the postpartum fatigue for parturient women. Prospective studies are needed to be conducted to verify the causal relationship between infant care stress and postpartum fatigue.ope

Effects of Artemisia A. Smoke(Ssukjahun) on Menstrual Distress, Dysmenorrhea, and Prostaglandin F2alpha

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of Artemisia A. Smoke(Ssukjahun) on primary dysmenorrhea. METHOD: This study was a pretestposttest design with a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected from May 1, 2007 to May 27, 2008. A total of 40 women with dysmenorrhea participated in the study. Among them, 20 women were assigned to an experimental group and the other 20 to a control group. Artemisia A. Smoke(Ssukjahun) was provided daily for 4 days, starting 7 days prior to next expected menses in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included MDQ (Moos' Menstrual Distress Questionnaire) by Kim (1995), Visual Analogue Scale by Keele (1948), and PGF2alpha by urine. RESULT: The results of this study are as follows; The experimental group was lower than the control group in the degree of menstrual distress (t=5.25, p=0.000), intensity of dysmenorrhea (t=7.71, p=0.000), and prostaglandin F2alpha levels (t=4.56, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Artemisia A. Smoke (Ssukjahun) was proved as an effective nursing intervention to reduce dysmenorrhea in young women. Its convenience and accessibility may make it a useful intervention in nursing practice and educationope

지시적 심상요법이 체외 수정을 받는 여성의 스트레스와 불안에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of guided imagery on stress including cognitive, affective, marital and social, and anxiety among women receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Data were collected between April, 21 and June, 17, 2008. The participants in this study were 57 women (26 for the experimental group, 31 for the control group) receiving IVF for primary or secondary infertility in one of the outpatient infertility centers in Seoul. The guided imagery (Suk, 2001) was provided through audio CD to the experimental group by themselves 8 minutes per day for 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 windows program. Results: After guided imagery, the experimental group showed significantly lower affective stress and total stress scores. Anxiety scores increased significantly in the control group, but not in the experimental group after treatment. Conclusion: The findings suggest that guided imagery is an effective nursing intervention for reducing stress especially affective stress and anxiety among infertile women receiving IVF in outpatient infertility center.ope

Mammography Screening according to Breast Cancer Disease and Social Network Characteristics of Married Korean Women

Purpose: This study was done to examine differences in mammography screening according to breast cancer and social network characteristic. Methods: Data were collected from 187 married women 35 years and older who were using public health centers, health promotion centers, cultural centers, obstetrics and gynecology hospitals or other relevant community sites. Data were collected between October 24 and December 4, 2008. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. Results: The participation rate for mammography screening was 35.3%. The following general and breast cancer characteristics showed statistically significant differences: religion, family incomes, regular medical-care, general health examinations during past 2 years, and history of breast disease. The following social network characteristics showed statistically significant differences: social norms and subjective norms. Using logistic regression analysis, regular medical-care, breast cancer risk appraisal, social norm, and subjective norms were highly predictive of subsequent mammography. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that it is important to develop and provide tailored intervention programs through integrated socially mediated programs. By consciously including social network and support systems, breast cancer detection efforts would not end as a one-time event, but naturally build on network structure of adults women, thus facilitating regular mammography screening.ope

A Study on the Demand for Equipent Development in Nursing

The objectives of thes study were to identify the need for equipment development in nursing and to determine the priorities for that development. The study was descriptive study done between March 2 and May 30, 1995, in which the subjects, including 421 patients, 223 family members, and 198 nurses from neurosurgery, orthopedic, rehabilitation medicine, internal medicine and intensive care units of nine general hospitals in Seoul, completed a questionnarie developed by the research team. The questionnaire consisted of 35 open and closed questions.Data was analyzed using friquencies and percentages. @ES The results ware summarized as follows: @EN 1) The average age of the nurses was 27.9 years, 48% of the patients wee between 20 and 40years of age, and 17% were over 60. The average lingth of experience for the nurse subjects was four years five months with 36.9% having over five years experience. The monst frequent diagnoses of patients were spinal disc(35.9%), internal medicine disease(26.0%), cerebral vascular accident(16.6%) and spinal cord injury(10%) 2) Many of the nurses996.4%) reported deficiencies with existing equipment and 96.5% of the nurses, but only 79.8% of the patiens, expected that the development of new equipnent would decrease the demands on nurses' time. Further, 82.3% of the nurses and 75.8% of the patients felt that the development of new equipment would lead to a decrease in the cost of nursing care. 3) Nurses felt that the greatest areas of inconvenience were patient feeding (71.75), hygiene971.2), caring for a patient confined to bed(70.7%), patient clothing(67.2%), mobility transfers(63.5%) and urinary elimination(52.0%). However, patients and family members listed the following as being the most inconvenient: urinary elimination(58.7%), Hygiene(50.5), feeding(48.4%), mobility transfers(47.15) and bed care(45.2%). 4) Generally the nurses listed more inconveniences and patients and family members listed more demands for the development of equipment. These inluded utensils with large handles, and regulators for tube feedings; mattresses that provide for automatic position change and massage, which have patient controlled levers and a place for bed pan insertion automatic lifts or transfer from bed to wheelchair; equipment to facilitate washing and oral hygiene as well as equipment that will allow patients with spinal cord injuries easy access to showers; a bed pan/urinal for women that is comfortable and effective from which urine can be measured and disposed of easily; disposalble dressing sets and tracheostomy care sets and a convenient way of measuring changes in wound size; a safe delivery system for oxygen, a variety of mask sizes and better control of humidity, tracheal material than at present, as well as communication system for patients with tracheostomies; clothing that will allow access to various parts of the body for treament or assessment without patieents having to remove all of their clothing; and finally a system that will allow the patient to control lighting, telephones and pagers. Priority areas for equipnent development reported by the murses were, urinary elimination(58.7%), hygiene(50.5%), feeding(48.4%), mobility transfers(47.1%), bowel elmination(40.8%). Those reported by the patients family menbers were feeding(71.7%), hygiene(70.0%), bedcare(70.7%), clothing(67.2%), mobility transfers(63.6%), urinary elimination(52.9%) and bowel elmination(50.5%) Altogether, nurses, patients and family membrs listed the following as priorities; clothing (178), bed care(144), urinary elimination(92), environment(81), hygiene(70). Further, a health profesional forum listed urinary elmination, oxygen delivery, medication delivery, mobility transfers, bed care and hygiene in that order as priouity areas. From this study it can be concluded that the first need is to develop equipment that will address the problems of urinary elimination. To do (1)This nurses who are interested in equipment development should organize an epuipment development team to provide a forum for discussion and production of equipment for nursing.ope

Sexual Autonomy of married women

The purpose of this paper is to discuss about a desirable approach to increase the sexual health of Korean married women. Generally more of Korean women are complaining se-wal dysfunction than their sexual partner, husbands. But actually the Korean women´s sexual dysfunctions are experienced by them as sexual dissatisfaction. Up to now most of the sexual problems were treated under the aspect of psychological problems or physical defects by psychiatrist or urology doctors. Most of the women´s sexual dysfunctions are related to their passiveness and submissiveness in sexual interaction with their husbands rather than physiologic or physical problems. That is why nurses have to pay attention to the women´s sexual health specifically focuse on sexual satisfaction for their subjective well-being. Nurses have to help married women to develop sexual autonomy for them and their husbands´ satisfaction. For the integrated women´s health, nurses are necessary to acquire the ability to assess and develop the Korean married women´s sexual autonomy under the women´s health care nursing process additively the existing nursing care.restrictio

HIV/AIDS Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Behavior of Pregnant Korean Women

Objective :To assess HIV-AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavior of pregnant Korean women before designing patient and public education programs. Design: Pre-experimental cross-sectional survey. Population, Sample, Setting, Years: Convenience sample of 409 women at six prenatal clinics in Seoul, Korea, in 1993. Outcome Measures: HIV-AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavior. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires. Findings: The women described high levels of knowledge about HIV and AIDS risk factors but less knowledge about transmission of the virus, as well as attitudes of rejection toward unrelated people with HIV/AIDS; 16% provided condoms for their husband's use in extramarital sex, the primary risk behavior. Conclusions: Korean women are at risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV despite knowledge of risk factors. Clinical Implications: Korean education programs for women should focus on modes of heterosexual transmission, care of individuals with HIV or AIDS, self-assessment of HIV-AIDS risk, and self protection.restrictio

Strategies to Prevent Sexual Problems in Teenage School Girls in Korea

To identify strategies to prevent sexual problems in teenage girls, respondents in this study answered two open-ended questions: "What are strategies for teenage school girls to prevent unwanted coitus?" and "What are strategies for teenage girls to prevent pregnancy?" The respondents were 12,733 girls from an accessible population of 19,000, a multi-stage cluster sample from a population of 1,988,902 girls attending 4,684 schools in the seven largest cities and nine provinces in Korea. Data were collected by mail between October 2 and October 28, 2000. The response rate was 68.9%. The total number of responses for the first question was 10,345, and for the second, 9,624. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study are: 1. According to priority, frequent strategies to prevent unwanted coitus were, self assertiveness (35.7%), heterosexual interaction training (24.6%), sex education (21.2%), and innovations in the system of social culture (4.7%). The order of priority was the same whether the respondents had experienced coitus or not. 2. According to priority, frequent strategies to prevent pregnancy were, heterosexual interaction training (27.4%), sex education (26.2%), contraceptive use and induced abortion (21.4%), and innovations in the system of social culture (3.2%). The first priority for the respondents who had not experienced coitus was heterosexual interaction training (27.7%) but contraceptive use (35.5%) was the first priority for the group who had experienced coitus. In sex education, a focus on contraceptive use for teenage girls who have experienced coitus and on heterosexual interaction training for those who have not, would strengthen preventive strategies for these two sexual problems. Assertiveness training as part of sex education would further strengthen prevention strategiesope