부산지역 항공화물의 이동경로 분석에 관한 연구

The present study aims to compare Korea’s export and import air cargo development and Gimhae and Incheon’s export and import air cargo development in order to assess the cause of Busan’s air cargo’s processing in Incheon international airport by analyzing routes per regional export and import air cargo rate. The present study also suggest a viewpoint about how Gimhae international air port can consolidate its competitiveness through hypothesizing virtual air transport routes in terms of export and import air transportation charge. Keeping pace with the rapid changing globalization flow, logistics hub in the world are processing high-value logistics activity through synergy effect by connecting ports and airports. In case of Incheon, after Incheon International Airport has opened in March, 2001, Incheon has been developed drastically as a global logistics city by facilitating Incheon International Airport generally with Sea&Air combined transport system by making a connection to Incheon Port. Although we have Busan port which is both our country’s 1st and world’s 5th harbor but it is under unfair situation since Gimhae International Airport’s air cargo attracting competitiveness has been dropped so that cargo is transferred to Incheon International Airport. We have discovered top 10 airports which have the largest amount of goods transported to find out reasons why Busan region’s air cargo is transferred to Incheon International Airport by analyzing moving routes. Based upon this, we have analyzed freight comparison which occurred to both Gimhae International Airport and Incheon International Airport in processing exportation and importation between top 10 airports and Busan. As a result of analysis, we could find out that freight occurred lesser for top 9 airports when choosing Gimhae International Airport. Although Gimhae International Airport has advantage in freight part, the reason why Busan region’s air cargo is transferred to Incheon International Airport is because shippers has experienced difficulties in transporting cargo on the date they want due to the lack of normal routes at Gimhae International Airport. In addition, airlines are reluctant to create routes at Gimhae International airport since it has facilitation problems to be used as an air cargo terminal. To solve this problem, they need to build a new airport which will be constructed in southeastern region to fulfill a function as an air cargo terminal. We consider that growth as a global logistics city by having synergy effect with a new Busan port needed through not only vitalization of exportation and importation in air cargo in both busan and southeastern area but also those of Sea&Air transport.목차 List of Tables iii List of Figures iv Abstract v 제 1 장 서 론 1 1.1 연구의 배경과 목적 1 1.2 연구의 범위 및 방법 4 제 2 장 선행연구 검토 6 2.1 항공화물 운송에 관한 선행연구 6 2.2 해공(Sea&Air)복합운송에 관한 선행연구 10 2.3 선행연구와의 차별성 12 제 3 장 항공화물 현황 13 3.1 항공물류 및 해공(Sea&Air)복합운송 이론적 배경 13 3.2 항공화물 추이 분석 17 3.3 부산지역 항공화물 추이 25 제 4 장 부산지역 항공화물 특성분석 31 4.1 이동경로(O/D : Origin Destination) 분석 31 4.2 수출입 화물 운임 분석 45 4.3 시사점 51 제 5 장 결 론 53 5.1 결론 53 5.2 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향 56 참고문헌 5

파형요소 도메인에서의 변조 스펙트럼 기반 음성합성 후처리

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 공과대학 전기·정보공학부, 2017. 8. 김남수.This thesis presents a wavelet-domain measure used in postfiltering applications. Quality of HMM-based (hidden Markov model-based) parametric speech synthesis is degraded due to the over-smoothing effect, where the trajectory of generated speech parameters is smoothed out and lacks dynamics. The conventional method uses the modulation spectrum (MS) to quantify the effect of over-smoothing by measuring the spectral tilt in the MS. In order to enhance the performance, a modified version of the MS called the scaled modulation spectrum (SMS), which essentially separates the MS in different bands, is proposed and utilized in postfiltering. The performance of two types of wavelets, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT), are evaluated. We also extend the SMS into a hidden Markov tree (HMT) model, which represents the interdependencies of the coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better.1 Introduction 1 2 Modulation Spectrum-based Post filtering 5 2.1 Modulation Spectrum 5 2.2 Conventional Post filtering 5 3 Discrete Wavelet-based Post filtering 9 3.1 Discrete Wavelet Transform 9 3.2 Post filtering in the Wavelet Domain 10 4 Post filtering Using Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transforms 13 4.1 Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform 13 4.2 Post filtering Using the DTCWT 14 5 Post filtering Using Hidden Markov Tree Models 17 5.1 Statistical Signal Processing Using Hidden Markov Trees 17 5.2 Modeling SMS with HMT 18 6 Experimental Results 23 6.1 Experimental Setup 23 6.2 Results 24 7 Conclusion and Future Work 33 7.1 Conclusion 33 7.2 Future Work 34 Bibliography 35Maste

Dang Steel Works

Maste

Intelligence warfare by the Office of Strategic Services concerning Korea during the Pacific War

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :외교학과,2005.Maste

A Study on the Effect of Program for the Dyslexia and Reading Difficulties

본 연구의 목적은 중재반응모형을 적용한 읽기 영역별 프로그램이 난독증 및 읽기 부진 학생들의 읽기 수행 능력 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 경기도 북부 지역 소재 학교와 아동복지시설 학생 56명이었으며, 음운인식, 읽기유창성, 어휘 및 읽기이해 영역별 교수 프로그램을 8-10회기 실시하였다. 또한 각 학교 및 기관의 교사들을 대상으로 난독증 및 종합적인 읽기 교수 프로그램에 대한 컨설팅을 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하기 위해 사전-사후 검사에 대한 t검정을 실시한 결과, 음운인식, 읽기 유창성, 어휘 및 읽기이해 영역 모두에서 유의한 효과가 나타났으며, 프로그램 종결 후 만족도 조사 결과 모든 문항에서 4점 이상의 높은 만족도를 나타내었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 분석 결과에 따라 향후 난독증 및 읽기 부진 학생을 위한 중재 프로그램 적용 연구에 대한 시사점을 논의에서 제안하였다.The purpose of this research was to screen students with dyslexia or reading difficulties, in order to provide them with reading programs being applied with the RTI (Response-to-Intervention) approach, and to check effects of the program. The research subjects were 56 students from elementary schools and/or child welfare education institutions of the north region of Gyeonggi-do in Republic of Korea. To those students, the program offered reading strategies in phonological awareness, reading fluency, vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension programs consisting of 8-10 sessions along with consultation sessions on dyslexia and comprehensive reading instruction programs to the teachers and educators of each school and institution. To verify the effect of the program, T-test was used for pre and post test results. The findings indicate that there were significant effects in all areas of intervention programs. As part of the research, satisfaction surveys were also collected upon the completion of the program, which indicated a high level of satisfaction in all questions exceeding 4 points. In the final section, based on the result of this research, some limitations and implications were discussed.2014년 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2014S1A5A2A03064945

Characteristic Analysis on Reading Comprehension Related Assessments in South Korea

본 연구는 국내에서 사용되고 있는 초등학생용 읽기이해 검사도구의 특성을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 국내에서 사용 중인 읽기이해를 측정하는 검사도구를 일정한 기준에 의거하여 선정하였다. 또한 선행연구에서 제시하는 읽기이해 이론에 근거하여 조작적인 문항 분석지표를 개발하고, 그 특성을 분석하였다. 분석에 사용된 검사는 전반적인 읽기능력을 평가하는 ACCENT 국어검사(2003)와 국가수준 학업성취도 검사(2010)와 읽기이해를 하위검사로 포함하고 있는 읽기검사도구로는 기초학습기능 수행평가체제 읽기검사: BASA-R(2000), 읽기성취 및 인지처리능력 검사: RA-RCP(2014), 한국어 읽기검사: KOLRA(2015) 총 5개이다. 구체적으로는 검사 대상 및 연령, 평가영역, 검사종류, 표준화 관련 사항, 검사 시간, 검사 방법, 장애학생을 위한 검사조정 여부를 분석하였다. 또한 개발한 지표를 활용한 단위수준별과 이해유형별로 각 세 가지 수준으로 분석을 실시하였다. 단위수준별은 단어수준, 문장수준, 텍스트수준으로 분석하였으며 이해유형별은 사실적 이해, 추론적 이해, 평가적이해로 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 추후 개발되어야 할 읽기이해 검사도구에서 고려해야 할 점에 대하여 제안하였다. 이를 통하여 추후 개발되어야 할 읽기이해 검사도구에서 고려해야 할 점에 대하여 제안하였다.The purpose of this study was to analysis reading comprehension related assessments that are widely used in Korea. A total of five reading comprehension related assessments were used as follows: Achievement Cognitive-ability Endorsement Tests(ACCENT), National Assessment of Educational Achievement for Korean, Basic Academic Skills Assessment: Reading(BASA-R), Reading Achievement and Reading Cognitive Processes Ability Test(RA-RCP), and Korean Language-based Reading Assessment(KOLRA). Among five assessments, two measure comprehensive reading abilities while three others measure involving sub-tests measuring reading comprehension. The study developed operational index/standards for item analysis, and used it to analyze the academic features of these assessments in the aspects of target population, domain, type, standardization, duration, method, and accommodations for disabilities. In addition, 162 specific reading comprehension questions were analyzed in three levels of units and comprehension types. The unit levels included word, sentence, and text. The comprehension types included literal, inferential, and evaluative comprehension. Future directions and suggestions for developing reading comprehensive assessments were discussed.본 연구는 2014년 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (NRF-2014S1A5A2A03064945