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    μŒμ•…μ  상징 및 λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜ μš΄μš©λ°©μ‹μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : μŒμ•…λŒ€ν•™ μŒμ•…κ³Ό, 2022. 8. μ΄μ‹ μš°.λ³Έ 논문은 μ†Œν”Όμ•„ κ΅¬λ°”μ΄λ‘˜λ¦¬λ‚˜(Sofia Gubaidulina, b. 1931)의 μž‘ν’ˆ, γ€ŠμΌκ³± 말씀》(Sieben Worte, 1982)에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ이닀. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ ν•„μžλŠ” μž‘ν’ˆ μ†μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μŒμ•…μ  λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜λ“€κ³Ό κΈ°μ•… 음ν–₯ μ†Œμž¬λ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 운용 λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ , 그것이 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 방식을 톡해 μŒμ•…μ  μƒμ§•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬ν˜„ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ¨Όμ € κ΅¬λ°”μ΄λ‘˜λ¦¬λ‚˜μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆ 속에 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 세계관과 쒅ꡐ관 및 μŒμ•…μ  νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ‹œκΈ°λ³„λ‘œ μ•Œμ•„λ³Έλ‹€. 이후 μŒμ•…μ  상징성이 λΆ€μ—¬λœ 동기듀을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ³€μ£Ό 및 λ³€μš© ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  각각 κ²°ν•© λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ λΆ„λ¦¬λœ λ³€μ£Ό μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€λΉ„λ₯Ό 이루며 이 μž‘ν’ˆμ„ ꡬ성해 λ‚˜κ°€λŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ¨Όμ €, κ΅¬λ°”μ΄λ‘˜λ¦¬λ‚˜λŠ” 이 μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ μ•…κΈ° νŽΈμ„±μΈ λ°”μ–€, 첼둜, ν˜„μ•… μ•…κΈ°κ΅°μ˜ μ‚¬μš΄λ“œμ  νŠΉμ„±μ— 따라 μ„±λΆ€, μ„±μž, μ„±λ Ήμ˜ 상징성을 λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 상징성이 λΆ€μ—¬λœ 각 악기ꡰ은 μ‹­μžκ°€μƒμ˜ 일곱 말씀에 μ˜ν•΄ κ΅¬μ„±λœ 각 일곱 개의 μ•…μž₯에 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ νŽΈμ„±λ˜μ–΄ λ“±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 즉, 각각 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ•…κΈ° νŽΈμ„±μ˜ 배치 방식을 톡해 일곱 말씀 ν…μŠ€νŠΈ λ‚΄μš©μ— μΆ©μ‹€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 숫자 상징 이외에도 μ‹­μžκ°€μ™€ 같은 쒅ꡐ적 상징물을 μ‹œκ°μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜•μƒν™”ν•˜μ—¬ λ™κΈ°ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 방식, μ‹­μžκ°€μ— 달린 예수의 내적, 윑체적 고톡을 μ•…κΈ°μ˜ 특수 주법(ν•˜λͺ¨λ‹‰μŠ€μ™€ 글리산도 λ“±)을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ²­κ°ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 방식 등을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μž‘ν’ˆ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μŒμ•…μ  상징성을 κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ γ€ŠμΌκ³± 말씀》은 주어진 4개의 동기와 이의 λ³€μ£Όλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μž‘ν’ˆμ„ μ „κ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 각각의 λ³€μ£Όλœ 동기에 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ νŽΈμ„±μ„ λ°°μΉ˜μ‹œν‚€κ³  λŒ€λ¦½λœ μŒμ†Œμž¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 악ꡬ κ°„ μ˜λ„μ  λ‹¨μ ˆκ°μ„ μ£Όλ©° 극적인 음ν–₯적 λŒ€λΉ„λ₯Ό 이루기도 ν•œλ‹€. 극단적 λŒ€λΉ„ ꡬ도λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μž‘κ³‘ κΈ°λ²•μ˜ κ²½ν–₯은 연ꡬ결과, λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ 정ꡐ적 μ’…κ΅κ΄€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μΆœλ°œν•œ β€˜μ΄λΆ„λ²•μ  λŒ€λ¦½κ΄€β€™μ˜ 사고가 반영된 결과둜 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 아무μͺΌλ‘ λ³Έ 논문이 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ΅¬λ°”μ΄λ‘˜λ¦¬λ‚˜μ˜ μŒμ•…μ— λŒ€ν•œ 또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 후속 연ꡬ에 κ·ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  쒅ꡐ적 주제λ₯Ό νƒκ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μž‘κ³‘κ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œ μž‘κ³‘κ°€μ˜ 세계관과 μž‘κ³‘κΈ°λ²•μ˜ 연관성을 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ 닀룬 자료둜써 도움이 될 수 있기λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.This study is an examination of Sofia Gubaidulina’s(b.1931) Sieben Worte(1982). The dissertation will explore how various musical parameters and instrumental sound materials are applied in Sieben Worte, before analyzing them to discover what methods are employed to realize these features as musical symbols. This in depth research will begin with a discussion of Gubaidulina’s worldview and religiosity alongside a chronological overview of her musical features. Following this, I will investigate musically symbolic motifs and the variations and transfigurations that revolve around them. I will then analyze the methods Gubaidulina used to contrast these varied, combined and/or separated elements and methods used to structure Sieben Worte. A symbol in Gubaidulina’s work is that of the Holy Trinity (God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit). This depends on sonorific features of the bayan, cello and strings, the key instrumentation of Sieben Worte. Each instrument represents different symbolic aspects and appears differently across seven movements, which are composed of seven words said by Christ from the cross. In other words, by arranging these instruments differently in each movement, Gubaidulina is faithful to the text of these seven words. Other than numerological symbology, Gubaidulina realizes a musical symbolism through a visualization of religious imagery, such as the cross. Additionally, to audialize the spiritual and physical suffering of Jesus at the crucifixion, extended techniques are used such as harmonics and glissando. Sieben Worte is developed through four given motifs and their variations. By arranging different instruments and using opposing tone materials for each varied motif, Gubaidulina creates intentional alienation and extreme sound contrasts between movements. Research suggests a tendency in Gubaidulina’s composition technique to show extreme contrasts, and this may emanate from Russian Orthodox religious sensibilities. As such, β€˜binary opposition’, or a concept of dichotomy is employed. It is hoped that this dissertation will not end simply as research, but will serve as a practical research tool to help composers searching for religious vision, allowing them to better explore the relations between the composer’s worldview and compositional technique.I. μ„œλ‘  1 II. κ΅¬λ°”μ΄λ‘˜λ¦¬λ‚˜μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ„Έκ³„ 3 1. 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έ μ˜ˆμˆ κ΄€ 3 2. μ‹œκΈ°λ³„ μž‘ν’ˆ κ²½ν–₯ 및 μŒμ•…μ  νŠΉμ§• 8 2.1. μ‹œκΈ°λ³„ μž‘ν’ˆ κ²½ν–₯ 8 2.2. μŒμ•…μ  νŠΉμ§• 16 III. γ€ŠμΌκ³± 말씀》(Sieben Worte, 1982) 뢄석 26 1. μž‘ν’ˆ λ°°κ²½ 26 2. κ°œκ΄€ 및 νŠΉμ§• 28 2.1. νŽΈμ„± 28 2.2. ν…μŠ€νŠΈμ™€ μ•…μž₯ꡬ성 37 3. μŒμ•…μ  상징 39 3.1. μ•…κΈ°μ˜ 상징성 39 3.2. 동기(Motif)의 상징성 42 4. μŒμ•…μ  μ„€μ • 및 λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜ μš΄μš©λ°©μ‹ 44 4.1. λ™κΈ°μ˜ μŒν˜• 및 μŒμ†Œμž¬ νŠΉμ§• 44 4.2. 동기 μ†Œμž¬μ˜ λ³€ν˜• 55 4.3. λŒ€λΉ„μ  ν…μŠ€μΆ”μ–΄(Texture) 87 IV. κ²°λ‘  95 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 98 Abstract 105석

    μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ μ‹œν€€μ‹±μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ κ°€μΆ•λ“€μ˜ λ©”νƒ€μ œλ†ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 농생λͺ…곡학뢀, 2015. 2. κΉ€ν¬λ°œ.This study investigated metagenomic characteristics of microbial communities in the domesticated poultry through the combination of next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatic pipelines. Among various kinds of commercial animals, this study placed its focus on the bovine rumen, chicken feces and goat rumen fluid, respectively. In more detail, structure of microbial population in the various samples of rumen (bovine/goat) and feces (chicken) was analyzed and then, its phylogeny and specific gene such as cellulase was identified. Sequencing the genomes of rumen microbes, determining the role of the genes and identifying its potential applications are the great deal for researchers to understand the microbiology of the rumen. Chicken feces have generally been known to be closely associated with contamination of poultry and health safety. Goats have unique habits, which include feeding on unconventional tree leaves. Thus, goats are expected to host distinct bacterial communities with cellulose-degrading enzyme activity in their rumen. In cahpter1, basic background and necessity were reviewed the series of worked in this doctoral dissertation, which showed its pivotal role of microbiomes in the commercial animal in various respects. Furthermore, metagenomics and genetics/genomics can provide a significant clue to these microbial population. In chapter 2, the microbial community structure of rumen solid and rumen liquid of cattle rumen was analyzed using high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons and a subsequent bioinformatics pipeline. A 16S rRNA gene clone library identified abundant communities belonging to specific bacterial groups in the rumen. The diversity results suggested that the specific bacterial groups was found in both samples with a slight difference. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fibrobacteria were present in higher concentrations in rumen solid than in rumen liquid, indicating their major role in the degradation of plant fiber. Other groups identified include Proteobacteria, which are responsible for playing a greater role in rumen metabolismMollicutes class of Firmicutes, which metabolizes imported sugars to short chain fatty acidsand Prevotellacea, which are crucial for the breakdown of proteins. These biological function of identified microbial groups mentioned above have also coincided with other previous studies. In chapter 3, fecal microbial community of chicken was quantitatively analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques and bioinformatic analyses with metagenomic tools such as MOTHUR, MEGA6 etc. during a relatively short growth time of 35 days. The diversity of microbial community at the genus level increased during the five week growth period (from 30 to 87 identified genera). Despite the diversity, only a few dominant bacteria groups (over 80%) were identified in each fecal sample, which were completely different from each other. These results suggested that chicken fecal microbiome is a dynamic system with a differentiated population structure under a restricted number of higher taxa. In chapter 4, protein domains with cellulase activity in goat rumen microbes were investigated using Illumina sequencing and bioinformatic analyses with metagenomic tools such as METAIDBA, HMMER and Interproscan etc. After the complete genome of the goat rumen microbe was obtained using a shotgun sequencing method, 217,892,109 pair reads were filtered using METAIDBA. These filtered contigs were assembled and annotated using blastN against the NCBI nucleotide database. As a result, a microbial community structure with 439 genera was analyzed, among which Prevotella and Butyrivibrio were the dominant groups. In parallel, 201 sequences related with cellulase activities (EC.3.2.1.4) were obtained through blast searches using the enzyme.dat file provided by the NCBI database. 28 protein domains with cellulase activity were identified using the HMMER package. Cellulase activity protein domain profiling showed that the major protein domains such as lipase GDSL, celluase, and Glyco hydro 10 were present in bacteria with strong cellulase activities. Furthermore, correlation plot clearly displayed the strong positive correlation between some protein domain groups, which was indicative of microbial adaption in the goat rumen based on feeding habits. Recent studies clearly reported that intestinal microbome was closely correlated with the traits of host such as obesity and growth. Therefore, it can be easily expected that analysis of intestinal microbial structure in commercial animals can provide an insight to the livestock industry in terms of fiber digestion and growth.ABSTRACT..................................................I CONTENT..................................................V LIST OF TABLES........................................VI LIST OF FIGURES......................................VIII LIST OF APPENDIX.....................................XI CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW................1 1.1 SEQUENCING TECHNIQUES....................2 1.2 METAGENOMICS..................................28 1.3 METAGENOMIC APPROACH IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS...................................................38 CHAPTER 2. MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURES OF RUMEN SOLID AND LIQUID IN CATTLE.........44 2.1 ABSTRACT...........................................45 2.2 INTRODUCTION....................................46 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS..................49 2.4 RESULTS.............................................58 2.5 DISCUSSION........................................69 CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF BACTERIA COMMUNITY CHANGE IN CHICKEN FECES DURING THE REARING PERIOD USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING............................................71 3.1 ABSTRACT...........................................72 3.2 INTRODUCTION....................................73 3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS..................75 3.4 RESULT...............................................80 3.5 DISCUSSION........................................87 CHAPTER 4. METAGENOME ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN DOMAIN COLLOCATION WITHIN CELLULOSE GENES OF GOAT RUMEN MICROBES..........................91 4.1 ABSTRACT..........................................92 4.2 INTRODUCTION...................................94 4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................96 4.4 RESULTS...........................................101 4.5 DISCUSSION......................................110 GENERAL DISCUSSION............................112 REFERENCES.........................................114 APPENDIX..............................................138 μš”μ•½(ꡭ문초둝)........................................155Docto

    Management Improvement Plan Considering Multi-layered Placeness of Historical site Park.

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : 농업생λͺ…κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ μƒνƒœμ‘°κ²½ν•™κ³Ό, 2022.2. μ •μš±μ£Ό.In Seoul, the capital of Chosun dynasty for about 600 years, historical sites exist together in urban space. In cities developed with high-density, historical sites are sometimes utilized as urban parks. The historical site park has potential to improve the essential value and create new synergies of cultural heritage and an urban park. As the historic site is created as an urban park, it can be protected from the threat of damage caused by development. In addition, thanks to the public character of the park, it is routinely exposed to the public, and naturally has an opportunity to convey the value and importance of cultural properties. Urban parks form an identity that is distinct from the general parks through historical sites. In addition, various programs can be organized and services can be operated based on unique historical content to improve the utilization value of urban parks. Historical site park improves the value of space when historical site and urban parks harmonize with each other, and more diversified benefits can be obtained. Currently, however, historical site park management still remains of each space management style and cannot maximize the value of the space. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present improvement plans by considering the operational and utilization management status of the historical site park. Cultural heritage has important values as the basis of forming the identity and subjectivity of a person. It should be actively utilized so that citizens can recognize their value and importance and deliver them to the next generation. According to the institution related to cultural heritage and urban park, the necessity of not only preserving but also the utilization of cultural heritage is emphasized. In particular, urban park intends to accommodate changes in meaning that occurred naturally coexisting cultural heritage contemporary and include them as part of the park. In this study, Seokchon-dong Ancient Tombs, Pungnap Neighborhood Park, Sajik Park, Seodaemun Independence Park, and Tapgol Park were selected as case targets for each historical site park in Seoul. Based on this, the current status of operational management and utilization management were analyzed through literature surveys, field surveys, and interviews with officials. As a result of the current status survey, the operation and management of the historical site park were divided into historical site and urban park areas, so there was no discussion on the level of operation and management between departments, but only passive management limited to maintenance. In the use management, cultural heritage commentaries were limited, such as providing only specific parks or limited to a part of the commentary course. The program was operated only in parks selected for projects implemented by the Cultural Heritage Administration, and historical events were held and used as cultural spaces. Based on the derived implications, an improvement plan in terms of operational management and utilization management was proposed. In terms of operational management, historical site park can establish an integrated operating system in which cultural properties-related departments and park-related departments actively cooperate. Related experts can collaborate to provide an environment aimed at active use of historical site park and provide a certain level of use and management services to overall historical site parks. In addition, it was suggested to develop and operate programs in cooperation with private organizations, and to establish a single system that integrates and manages services using a historical site park. The historical site park should be supported by active use management so that citizens can be interested in cultural heritage and understand their value and importance. Therefore, in terms of utilization management, it was proposed to provide customized cultural heritage commentary services suitable for the characteristics of the target and organize programs to use private parks through the opening of cultural heritage space. In addition, along with historical materials, it was suggested to hold an event to enjoy the culture produced by the present generation. Meanwhile, each historical site park has its own historical context. The physical environment and the character of the space of the historical place site park are the results of several layers of time accumulated in each place, and it is necessary to take this into account and apply the improvement plan. Therefore, in this study, a detailed program to which the improvement plan was applied was proposed in consideration of the place context of the case target site. This study is meaningful in that it suggested improvement plans to focus on improving the essential value of historical site and urban parks and to secure differentiation from the general parks in terms of operational management and utilization management.μ•½ 600λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‘°μ„ μ˜ μˆ˜λ„μ˜€λ˜ μ„œμšΈμ—λŠ” 역사적 μž₯μ†ŒμΈ 사적(史蹟)이 λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ— ν•¨κ»˜ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. κ³ λ°€λ„λ‘œ 개발된 λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œλŠ” 사적을 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•œλ‹€. 사적곡원은 λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ™€ λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ˜ 본질적 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν–₯μƒν•˜λ©° μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œλ„ˆμ§€ 효과λ₯Ό λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 잠재λ ₯이 μžˆλ‹€. 사적은 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ„±λ˜λ©΄μ„œ 개발둜 μΈν•œ ν›Όμ†μ˜ μœ„ν˜‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ³΄ν˜Έλ°›μ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 곡곡성을 톡해 λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ—κ²Œ μΌμƒμ μœΌλ‘œ λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ 전달할 기회λ₯Ό μ–»κ²Œ λœλ‹€. λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ€ 사적을 톡해 일반 곡원과 κ΅¬λ³„λ˜λŠ” 정체성을 ν˜•μ„±ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ³ μœ ν•œ 역사 μ½˜ν…μΈ λ₯Ό μ†Œμž¬λ‘œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ˜ ν™œμš© κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν–₯상할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이처럼 사적곡원은 사적과 곡원이 μ„œλ‘œ μ–΄μš°λŸ¬μ§ˆ λ•Œ κ³΅κ°„μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ ν–₯μƒλ˜μ–΄ λ”μš± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜œνƒμ„ 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„μž¬ 사적곡원은 각 κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 관성적 관리 방식에 머무λ₯΄λ©° κ³΅κ°„μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ ν˜„ν™©μ„ κ³ μ°°ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. λ¬Έν™”μž¬λŠ” ν•œ 민쑱의 정체성과 주체성을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 기반으둜 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œλ‹€. λ¬Έν™”μž¬λ₯Ό 적극적으둜 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ— 전달할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ™€ λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ› κ΄€λ ¨ μ œλ„μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ˜ 보쑴뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν™œμš©μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•œλ‹€. 특히 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” λ¬Έν™”μž¬λ₯Ό λ™μ‹œλŒ€μ— μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λ©° λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 의미 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κ³  κ³΅μ›μ˜ μΌλΆ€λ‘œ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ 사적곡원 쀑 사적 μœ ν˜•λ³„λ‘œ μ„μ΄Œλ™κ³ λΆ„κ΅°, 풍납근린곡원, 사직곡원, μ„œλŒ€λ¬Έλ…λ¦½κ³΅μ›, 탑골곡원을 사둀 λŒ€μƒμ§€λ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ¬Έν—Œμ‘°μ‚¬, ν˜„μž₯ 쑰사, κ΄€κ³„μž 인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ ν˜„ν™©μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν˜„ν™©μ‘°μ‚¬ κ²°κ³Ό μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” 사적과 κ³΅μ›μ˜ μ˜μ—­μ΄ μ΄μ›ν™”λ˜μ–΄ λΆ€μ„œ κ°„ μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ˜ λ…Όμ˜λŠ” 이루어지지 μ•Šκ³  μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬μ— κ΅­ν•œλœ μ†Œκ·Ήμ  관리에 그치고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ¬Έν™”μž¬ 해섀은 νŠΉμ • κ³΅μ›λ§Œ μ œκ³΅λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ¬Έν™”μž¬ ν•΄μ„€ μ½”μŠ€μ˜ 일뢀에 κ΅­ν•œλ˜λŠ” λ“± μ œν•œμ μœΌλ‘œ 제곡되고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μš©ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ²­μ—μ„œ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 사업에 μ„ μ •λœ κ³΅μ›μ—μ„œλ§Œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ 운영되며 역사λ₯Ό 주제둜 ν•˜λŠ” 행사가 κ°œμ΅œλ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έν™”κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ„μΆœλœ μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬μ™€ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ˜ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” 사적곡원은 λ¬Έν™”μž¬ κ΄€λ ¨ λΆ€μ„œμ™€ 곡원 κ΄€λ ¨ λΆ€μ„œκ°€ 적극적으둜 ν˜‘μ—…ν•˜λŠ” ν†΅ν•©μš΄μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 κ΄€λ ¨ μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ ν˜‘μ—…ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 적극적 ν™œμš©μ„ 지ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ΄ 마련되고 μ „λ°˜μ μΈ 사적곡원에 일정 μˆ˜μ€€ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 민간단체와 ν˜‘λ ₯ν•œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 개발 및 운영, μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 이용 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 단일 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ꡬ좕을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 사적곡원은 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ— 관심을 κ°–κ³  κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ 이해할 수 μžˆλŠ” 적극적인 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬κ°€ λ’·λ°›μΉ¨λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ΄μš©λŒ€μƒμ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ— λ§žλŠ” λ§žμΆ€ν˜• λ¬Έν™”μž¬ ν•΄μ„€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 제곡, λ¬Έν™”μž¬ κ°œλ°©μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ μ΄μš©ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ ꡬ성, 역사 μ†Œμž¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜„μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό ν–₯μœ ν•˜λŠ” 행사 개졜λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ 사적곡원은 κ³΅μ›λ§ˆλ‹€ κ³ μœ ν•œ 역사적 μž₯μ†Œ λ§₯락을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 물리적 ν™˜κ²½, κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 성격은 μž₯μ†Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ 측이 μ§‘μ λ˜μ–΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 결과물둜 이λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” νƒœλ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 뢄석을 μ§„ν–‰ν•œ 사둀 λŒ€μƒμ§€μ˜ μž₯μ†Œ λ§₯락을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ μš©ν•œ μ„ΈλΆ€ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 사적곡원을 사적과 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ˜ 본질적 κ°€μΉ˜ ν–₯상에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좰 κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  역사λ₯Ό 주제둜 ν•˜λŠ” 곡원이 일반 곡원과 차별성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ„ 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λͺ©μ  1 2. 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό λ²”μœ„ 5 3. 연ꡬ λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό 방법 7 4. κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 동ν–₯ 9 β…‘. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ λ°©ν–₯ 12 1. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ κ°œλ… 12 2. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ 지ν–₯점 17 3. 사적곡원 관리 λ°©ν–₯에 κ΄€ν•œ κ³ μ°° 23 β…’. μœ ν˜•λ³„ μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 이해와 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ 뢄석 31 1. λΆ„μ„μ˜ ν‹€ 31 2. μ„μ΄Œλ™κ³ λΆ„κ΅° 33 3. 풍납근린곡원 46 4. 사직곡원 57 5. μ„œλŒ€λ¬Έλ…λ¦½κ³΅μ› 73 6. 탑골곡원 92 7. 사적곡원 μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬μ™€ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ 뢄석 μ’…ν•© 106 β…£. 사적곡원 관리 κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 110 1. μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 110 2. μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 115 3. 곡원별 μ„ΈλΆ€ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ μ œμ•ˆ 120 β…€. κ²°λ‘  131 1. 연ꡬ μš”μ•½ 131 2. 연ꡬ μ‹œμ‚¬μ κ³Ό ν•œκ³„ 134 μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ 136 Abstract 140석

    Egg development and mitotic interval (Ο„) in black plaice, Pleuronectes obscurus (Herzenstein)

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    Black plaice, Pleuronectes obscurus (Herzenstein), were collected from the coastal areas of Hari, Young-do, Busan, Korea, from February to March 2007 and fertilized in order to observe egg development and temperature-related cleavage rates and mitotic intervals (Ο„0). The fertilized egg is demersal and adhesive, and measuring 0.84Β±0.010 ㎜ in diameter. The eggs contain no oil globules. After 1 hr 45 min, the blastodisc formed. The 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-cell stages were attained in respective times of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 7.5,and 8.5 hrthe morula stage in 10 hr and the blastula stage in 16 hr. The eggs began the gastrula stage in 20 hr and formated of the embryonic body in 27 hr. The optic vesicles appeared in 44 hr, the auditory vesicles and Kupffer's vesicle in 72 hr. Kupffer's vesicle had disappeared and movements of heart and tail were observed in 90 hr. Hatching took place 121 hr after fertilization at 14℃. The hatched larvae were 3.5Β±0.16 ㎜ in total length. The first cleavage stage occurred at 190~195, 160~165, 125~130, 75~80, 60~65 and 45~50 min at 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26℃, respectively. At higher temperatures, eggs developed faster and underwent further identical development. For black plaice, Ο„0 were 83.44Β±3.076, 71.53Β±3.060, 63.12Β±2.109, 45.09Β±2.780, 39.96Β±2.095 and 30.44Β±3.354 min at 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26℃, respectively. There were strong negative correlations between the Ο„0 and water temperatures at all temperatures (Y=-2.6981X+98.767, R2=0.9831, where Y is Ο„0 and X is temperature).β… . μ„œ λ‘  β…‘. 재료 및 방법 1. μΉœμ–΄κ΄€λ¦¬ 및 μ’…λ¬˜μƒμ‚° 2. 생식 νŠΉμ„± 쑰사 3. λΆ€ν™”, μ΄ˆκΈ°μ‚¬μœ‘ 및 관리 4. 제 1 λ‚œν• μ‹œκ°„ 및 체세포 λΆ„μ—΄μ£ΌκΈ°(Ο„0) 쑰사 5. λ‚œλ°œμƒ 쑰사 β…’. κ²° κ³Ό 1. 생식 νŠΉμ„± 2. 제 1 λ‚œν• μ‹œκ°„ 3. 체세포 λΆ„μ—΄μ£ΌκΈ°(Ο„0) 4. λ‚œλ°œμƒ 및 λΆ€ν™” β…£. κ³  μ°° β…€. κ΅­ λ¬Έ μš” μ•½ β…₯. 감 사 의 κΈ€ β…¦. μ°Έ κ³  λ¬Έ

    Effects of non-thermal atmospheric pressure air plasma exposure on SLA-treated implant in relation to cellular activity

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    Surface properties of titanium implants are known as important factors for successful osseointegration. The purpose of this research is to apply recently highlighted non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) on sand blast, large grit, acid etching(SLA) treated Titaniumi surface to improve the hydrophilicity and cellular response. The change in the chemical binding state of SLA-treated Ti before and after the NTAPPJ treatment were determined using field emission scanning electron icroscope, optical surface roughness system, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and water contact angle measuring system. MC3T3-E1 cells (murine osteoblastic cell line) attachments and proliferations were examined by the PrestoBlue reagent. This study found that the compressed air-based NTAPPJ treatment on SLA-treated Ti surface significantly increased the hydrophilicity and MC3T3-E1 cell attachments and proliferations. These results suggested that compressed air-based NTAPPJ treatment on the SLA-treated Ti surface had an effect on increasing attachments and proliferations of MC3T3-E1 cell for better osseointegration in vitro.ope

    Tooth bleaching effect by nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma with humid condition

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    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth bleaching effect by the use of nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma supplied by humid air(humid air plasma) along with 5 %, 15 %, and 35 % of hydrogen peroxide(HP). A total number of 90 stained teeth were divided into 9 groups(n=10) and treated in different bleaching conditions: only HP, HP with air plasma, and HP with humid air plasma. Color changes(Ξ”E ) were measured after three consecutive bleaching using spectrophotometer and National Bureau of Standards systems. One-way ANOVA combined with post-hoc test using Tukey’s method was performed for the statistical analysis. The results showed that final Ξ”E values increased significantly in all groups(p0.05). This study suggested that tooth treated by HP with humid air plasma is more effective for tooth bleaching compared to only HP and HP with air plasma. Lastly, it is concluded that using 15 % HP in conjunction with humid air plasma is more safe compared to simply using 35 % HP.ope

    Bone formation of the porous layer formed of Ti-Ag mesh for GBR membrane applications

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 마이크둜 ν‘œλ©΄ μœ„μ— λ‚˜λ…Έ λ‹¨μœ„μ˜ 닀곡성 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„-은 메쉬λ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν•˜κ³  λ©”μ‰¬μ˜ 골 ν˜•μ„±λŠ₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆλ‹€. μš°μ„  μ‹œνŽΈ μ œμž‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ cp-Ti에 λΉ„ν•΄ 뢀식저항성이 λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„-은 ν•©κΈˆμ„ 은 2.0 at%을 μ²¨κ°€μ‹œμΌœ μ œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 ν‘œλ©΄μ— 닀곡성 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ•Œλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ μž…μžλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹œνŽΈμ„ λΈ”λΌμŠ€νŒ… μ²˜λ¦¬ν•œ λ’€ 0.5% λΆˆμ‚° μ „ν•΄μ•‘μ—μ„œ 60λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆ 20 V 전압을 κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ μ–‘κ·Ήμ‚°ν™” μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‹œνŽΈμ˜ ν‘œλ©΄ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” μ£Όμ‚¬μ „μžν˜„λ―Έκ²½μ„ 톡해 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 골 ν˜•μ„±λŠ₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν† λΌμ˜ λ‘κ°œκ³¨μ„ μ²œκ³΅ν•œ λ’€ νŒŒμ ˆνŽΈμ„ μ œκ±°ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ μœ„μ— μ‹œνŽΈμ„ μ‹λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 각각 2주와 4μ£Ό λ’€ 메쉬 μ£Όμœ„μ˜ 골 쑰직 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 3D μŠ€μΊ” μ΄λ―Έμ§€λ‘œ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€κ³  μƒμ„±λœ 골의 λΆ€ν”Όλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‹œνŽΈ ν‘œλ©΄ ν˜•μƒ κ΄€μ°° κ²°κ³Ό 마이크둜 λ‹¨μœ„μ˜ 반ꡬ ν˜•νƒœ ꡬ쑰 μœ„μ— λ‚˜λ…Έ λ‹¨μœ„μ˜ 닀곡성 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , 골 ν˜•μ„±λŠ₯ κ²°κ³Όμ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ 메쉬λ₯Ό μ‹λ¦½ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²½μš°μ—μ„œ 보닀 ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„-은 ν•©κΈˆ 메쉬λ₯Ό μ‹λ¦½ν•œ κ²½μš°μ—μ„œ 2주와 4μ£Ό λͺ¨λ‘ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 골 ν˜•μ„±λŸ‰μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€(p<0.05). λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 연ꡬ 결과둜 미루어 보아 ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„-은 ν•©κΈˆμ— 마이크둜 ν‘œλ©΄ μœ„μ— λ‚˜λ…Έ 닀곡성 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©° 골 ν˜•μ„±λŠ₯ μ—­μ‹œ μš°μˆ˜ν•˜μ—¬ κ³¨μœ λ„ μž¬μƒμˆ μ„ μœ„ν•œ λ©”μ‰¬λ‘œμ„œ μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이라고 μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€.ope

    Urinary vitamin D-binding protein is elevated in patients with endometriosis.

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    BACKGROUND: Recently, proteomic technologies have demonstrated that several proteins are differently expressed in various body fluids of patients with endometriosis compared with those without this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate proteins secreted in urine of patients with endometriosis using proteomic techniques in order to identify potential markers for the clinical diagnosis of endometriosis. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from women undergoing laparoscopy for different indications including pelvic masses, pelvic pain, suspicious endometriosis, infertility and diagnostic evaluation. Proteomic techniques and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins secreted in the urine of the patients with and without endometriosis and quantification of identified protein was performed using western blot and specific commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS: Twenty-two protein spots were differentially expressed in the urine of patients with and without endometriosis, one of which was identified as urinary vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). ELISA quantification of urinary VDBP corrected for creatinine expression (VDBP-Cr) revealed that urinary VDBP-Cr was significantly greater in patients with endometriosis than in those without (111.96 Β± 74.59 versus 69.90 Β± 43.76 ng/mg Cr, P = 0.001). VDBP-Cr had limited value as a diagnostic marker for endometriosis (Sensitivity 58%, Specificity 76%). When combined with serum CA-125 levels (the product of serum CA-125 and urinary VDBP-Cr), it did not significantly increase the diagnostic power of serum CA-125 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary VDBP levels are elevated in patients with endometriosis. They have limited value as a potential diagnostic biomarker for endometriosis but suggest it would be worthwhile to investigate other urinary proteins for this purpose.ope

    (The) Value of panoramic radiograph in assessing inflammatory changes of the maxillary sinus

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μΉ˜μ˜ν•™κ³Ό (κ΅¬κ°•μ•…μ•ˆλ©΄λ°©μ‚¬μ„ ν•™μ „κ³΅),2009.2.Maste

    Management Improvement Plan Considering Multi-layered Placeness of Historical site Park.

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    In Seoul, the capital of Chosun dynasty for about 600 years, historical sites exist together in urban space. In cities developed with high-density, historical sites are sometimes utilized as urban parks. The historical site park has potential to improve the essential value and create new synergies of cultural heritage and an urban park. As the historic site is created as an urban park, it can be protected from the threat of damage caused by development. In addition, thanks to the public character of the park, it is routinely exposed to the public, and naturally has an opportunity to convey the value and importance of cultural properties. Urban parks form an identity that is distinct from the general parks through historical sites. In addition, various programs can be organized and services can be operated based on unique historical content to improve the utilization value of urban parks. Historical site park improves the value of space when historical site and urban parks harmonize with each other, and more diversified benefits can be obtained. Currently, however, historical site park management still remains of each space management style and cannot maximize the value of the space. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present improvement plans by considering the operational and utilization management status of the historical site park. Cultural heritage has important values as the basis of forming the identity and subjectivity of a person. It should be actively utilized so that citizens can recognize their value and importance and deliver them to the next generation. According to the institution related to cultural heritage and urban park, the necessity of not only preserving but also the utilization of cultural heritage is emphasized. In particular, urban park intends to accommodate changes in meaning that occurred naturally coexisting cultural heritage contemporary and include them as part of the park. In this study, Seokchon-dong Ancient Tombs, Pungnap Neighborhood Park, Sajik Park, Seodaemun Independence Park, and Tapgol Park were selected as case targets for each historical site park in Seoul. Based on this, the current status of operational management and utilization management were analyzed through literature surveys, field surveys, and interviews with officials. As a result of the current status survey, the operation and management of the historical site park were divided into historical site and urban park areas, so there was no discussion on the level of operation and management between departments, but only passive management limited to maintenance. In the use management, cultural heritage commentaries were limited, such as providing only specific parks or limited to a part of the commentary course. The program was operated only in parks selected for projects implemented by the Cultural Heritage Administration, and historical events were held and used as cultural spaces. Based on the derived implications, an improvement plan in terms of operational management and utilization management was proposed. In terms of operational management, historical site park can establish an integrated operating system in which cultural properties-related departments and park-related departments actively cooperate. Related experts can collaborate to provide an environment aimed at active use of historical site park and provide a certain level of use and management services to overall historical site parks. In addition, it was suggested to develop and operate programs in cooperation with private organizations, and to establish a single system that integrates and manages services using a historical site park. The historical site park should be supported by active use management so that citizens can be interested in cultural heritage and understand their value and importance. Therefore, in terms of utilization management, it was proposed to provide customized cultural heritage commentary services suitable for the characteristics of the target and organize programs to use private parks through the opening of cultural heritage space. In addition, along with historical materials, it was suggested to hold an event to enjoy the culture produced by the present generation. Meanwhile, each historical site park has its own historical context. The physical environment and the character of the space of the historical place site park are the results of several layers of time accumulated in each place, and it is necessary to take this into account and apply the improvement plan. Therefore, in this study, a detailed program to which the improvement plan was applied was proposed in consideration of the place context of the case target site. This study is meaningful in that it suggested improvement plans to focus on improving the essential value of historical site and urban parks and to secure differentiation from the general parks in terms of operational management and utilization management.μ•½ 600λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‘°μ„ μ˜ μˆ˜λ„μ˜€λ˜ μ„œμšΈμ—λŠ” 역사적 μž₯μ†ŒμΈ 사적(史蹟)이 λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ— ν•¨κ»˜ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. κ³ λ°€λ„λ‘œ 개발된 λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œλŠ” 사적을 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•œλ‹€. 사적곡원은 λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ™€ λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ˜ 본질적 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν–₯μƒν•˜λ©° μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œλ„ˆμ§€ 효과λ₯Ό λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 잠재λ ₯이 μžˆλ‹€. 사적은 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ„±λ˜λ©΄μ„œ 개발둜 μΈν•œ ν›Όμ†μ˜ μœ„ν˜‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ³΄ν˜Έλ°›μ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 곡곡성을 톡해 λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ—κ²Œ μΌμƒμ μœΌλ‘œ λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ 전달할 기회λ₯Ό μ–»κ²Œ λœλ‹€. λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ€ 사적을 톡해 일반 곡원과 κ΅¬λ³„λ˜λŠ” 정체성을 ν˜•μ„±ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ³ μœ ν•œ 역사 μ½˜ν…μΈ λ₯Ό μ†Œμž¬λ‘œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ˜ ν™œμš© κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν–₯상할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이처럼 사적곡원은 사적과 곡원이 μ„œλ‘œ μ–΄μš°λŸ¬μ§ˆ λ•Œ κ³΅κ°„μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ ν–₯μƒλ˜μ–΄ λ”μš± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜œνƒμ„ 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„μž¬ 사적곡원은 각 κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 관성적 관리 방식에 머무λ₯΄λ©° κ³΅κ°„μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ ν˜„ν™©μ„ κ³ μ°°ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. λ¬Έν™”μž¬λŠ” ν•œ 민쑱의 정체성과 주체성을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 기반으둜 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œλ‹€. λ¬Έν™”μž¬λ₯Ό 적극적으둜 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ— 전달할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ™€ λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ› κ΄€λ ¨ μ œλ„μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ˜ 보쑴뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν™œμš©μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•œλ‹€. 특히 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” λ¬Έν™”μž¬λ₯Ό λ™μ‹œλŒ€μ— μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λ©° λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 의미 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κ³  κ³΅μ›μ˜ μΌλΆ€λ‘œ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ 사적곡원 쀑 사적 μœ ν˜•λ³„λ‘œ μ„μ΄Œλ™κ³ λΆ„κ΅°, 풍납근린곡원, 사직곡원, μ„œλŒ€λ¬Έλ…λ¦½κ³΅μ›, 탑골곡원을 사둀 λŒ€μƒμ§€λ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ¬Έν—Œμ‘°μ‚¬, ν˜„μž₯ 쑰사, κ΄€κ³„μž 인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ ν˜„ν™©μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν˜„ν™©μ‘°μ‚¬ κ²°κ³Ό μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” 사적과 κ³΅μ›μ˜ μ˜μ—­μ΄ μ΄μ›ν™”λ˜μ–΄ λΆ€μ„œ κ°„ μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ˜ λ…Όμ˜λŠ” 이루어지지 μ•Šκ³  μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬μ— κ΅­ν•œλœ μ†Œκ·Ήμ  관리에 그치고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ¬Έν™”μž¬ 해섀은 νŠΉμ • κ³΅μ›λ§Œ μ œκ³΅λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ¬Έν™”μž¬ ν•΄μ„€ μ½”μŠ€μ˜ 일뢀에 κ΅­ν•œλ˜λŠ” λ“± μ œν•œμ μœΌλ‘œ 제곡되고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μš©ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ²­μ—μ„œ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 사업에 μ„ μ •λœ κ³΅μ›μ—μ„œλ§Œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ 운영되며 역사λ₯Ό 주제둜 ν•˜λŠ” 행사가 κ°œμ΅œλ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έν™”κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ„μΆœλœ μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬μ™€ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ˜ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” 사적곡원은 λ¬Έν™”μž¬ κ΄€λ ¨ λΆ€μ„œμ™€ 곡원 κ΄€λ ¨ λΆ€μ„œκ°€ 적극적으둜 ν˜‘μ—…ν•˜λŠ” ν†΅ν•©μš΄μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 κ΄€λ ¨ μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ ν˜‘μ—…ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 적극적 ν™œμš©μ„ 지ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ΄ 마련되고 μ „λ°˜μ μΈ 사적곡원에 일정 μˆ˜μ€€ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 민간단체와 ν˜‘λ ₯ν•œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 개발 및 운영, μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 이용 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 단일 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ꡬ좕을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 사적곡원은 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ λ¬Έν™”μž¬μ— 관심을 κ°–κ³  κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ 이해할 수 μžˆλŠ” 적극적인 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬κ°€ λ’·λ°›μΉ¨λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ΄μš©λŒ€μƒμ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ— λ§žλŠ” λ§žμΆ€ν˜• λ¬Έν™”μž¬ ν•΄μ„€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 제곡, λ¬Έν™”μž¬ κ°œλ°©μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ μ΄μš©ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ ꡬ성, 역사 μ†Œμž¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜„μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό ν–₯μœ ν•˜λŠ” 행사 개졜λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ 사적곡원은 κ³΅μ›λ§ˆλ‹€ κ³ μœ ν•œ 역사적 μž₯μ†Œ λ§₯락을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 물리적 ν™˜κ²½, κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 성격은 μž₯μ†Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ 측이 μ§‘μ λ˜μ–΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 결과물둜 이λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” νƒœλ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 뢄석을 μ§„ν–‰ν•œ 사둀 λŒ€μƒμ§€μ˜ μž₯μ†Œ λ§₯락을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ μš©ν•œ μ„ΈλΆ€ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 사적곡원을 사적과 λ„μ‹œκ³΅μ›μ˜ 본질적 κ°€μΉ˜ ν–₯상에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좰 κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  역사λ₯Ό 주제둜 ν•˜λŠ” 곡원이 일반 곡원과 차별성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ„ 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λͺ©μ  1 2. 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό λ²”μœ„ 5 3. 연ꡬ λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό 방법 7 4. κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 동ν–₯ 9 β…‘. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ λ°©ν–₯ 12 1. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ κ°œλ… 12 2. μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ 지ν–₯점 17 3. 사적곡원 관리 λ°©ν–₯에 κ΄€ν•œ κ³ μ°° 23 β…’. μœ ν˜•λ³„ μ‚¬μ κ³΅μ›μ˜ 이해와 운영 및 μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ 뢄석 31 1. λΆ„μ„μ˜ ν‹€ 31 2. μ„μ΄Œλ™κ³ λΆ„κ΅° 33 3. 풍납근린곡원 46 4. 사직곡원 57 5. μ„œλŒ€λ¬Έλ…λ¦½κ³΅μ› 73 6. 탑골곡원 92 7. 사적곡원 μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬μ™€ μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ 뢄석 μ’…ν•© 106 β…£. 사적곡원 관리 κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 110 1. μš΄μ˜κ΄€λ¦¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 110 2. μ΄μš©κ΄€λ¦¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 115 3. 곡원별 μ„ΈλΆ€ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ μ œμ•ˆ 120 β…€. κ²°λ‘  131 1. 연ꡬ μš”μ•½ 131 2. 연ꡬ μ‹œμ‚¬μ κ³Ό ν•œκ³„ 134 μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ 136 Abstract 140석
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