생식용 포도의 과실 특성에 대한 전장 유전체 연관 분석

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 식물생산과학부(원예과학전공), 2020. 8. 이희재.Grape (Vitis spp.) is one of the most extensively cultivated fruit plants with table grapes accounting for 36% of the total world production (Office International de la Vigne et du Vin, 2019; Reisch et al., 2012). Breeders in important table grape growing areas have been trying to develop grape cultivars with superior berry traits to those already be on the market. Seedlessness, crisp texture, and suitability for storage are the main goals of table grape breeding (Reisch et al., 2012). Breeding of perennial fruit species is a long-term activity involving a high investment as compared to annual crops due to two challenges: long juvenile periods and the plant size (Zhebentyayeva et al., 2012). To select one with desired traits from the population by introducing molecular breeding technology can be a great benefit in terms of both saving time and cost. Identifying genes involved in target traits for breeding and developing markers are ongoing in various fruit trees. Most studies have been conducted in the form of various mapping approaches including quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. QTL mapping has proved a powerful method to identify regions of the target gene either in F2 populations or recombinant inbred line families (Dirlewanger et al., 2009; Kenis et al., 2008; Korte and Farlow, 2013; Martínez-García et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2014). However, QTL mapping has its limitations when it comes to mapping populations (Korte and Farlow, 2013). A new study method was named genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigates the association between genotypes and phenotypes, using the entire genome. This method is based on the hypothesis that there are common genetic variants that affect a trait, independent from the effect of pedigree (Visscher et al., 2012). GWAS can serve as a foundation experiment by providing insights into the genetic architecture of the trait, suggesting an informed choice of parents for QTL analysis. The results of GWAS find out the loci of candidates for mutagenesis and transgenics (Korte and Farlow, 2013). Thus, GWAS are often complementary to QTL mapping, when conducted together (Manenti et al., 2009). GWAS has recently been a common way of studying agriculturally important quantitative traits and natural variations, thanks to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies (Atwell et al., 2010; Guo et al., 2019; Yano et al., 2016). It is also expanding to research related to crops including fruit trees (Cao et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2019; Iwata et al., 2013; Kumar et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2017). There are a few studies on the genetic determination of quantitative traits in fruit trees using GWAS. In apple, GWAS was conducted using 1,200 seedlings of seven full-sib families to reveal significant associations of six fruit traits. Significant associations were found in all six traits, some of which were coincident to known candidate genes (Kumar et al., 2013). In pear, nine agronomic traits were investigated by GWAS, among them harvest time, black spot resistance, and spur number were associated with significant QTLs (Iwata et al., 2013). In peach, GWAS using 104 landrace accessions with 53 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers detected associated markers for ten traits related to fruit and phenological period (Cao et al., 2012). In grape, several QTL mappings and GWAS of berry related traits have been conducted. Berry size and seedlessness are primary targets of breeding programs for table grapes (Cabezas et al., 2006). To this end, there are several approaches for identifying genes to determine seedlessness. The MADS-box gene VvAGL11 is essential for seed morphogenesis in grapes (Malabarba et al., 2017). The QTL analyses related to seed traits by using seedless grapes as parental resources found QTLs in the region of SDI (seed development inhibitor), VvAGL11 (Cabezas et al., 2006; Doligez et al., 2002; Mejía et al., 2007). Previous studies to identify genes related to soluble solid contents (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) in grape berries, detected QTLs in various linkage groups (LGs) (Bayo-Canha et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2007; Viana et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2015). Several pieces of research regarding berry flesh firmness revealed QTL in LG 18 commonly and other researches detected QTLs in other LGs (Carreño et al., 2014; Correa et al, 2016; Jiang et al., 2020). A GWAS of six table grape berry traits including berry color, berry development period, cluster size, berry weight, and berry flesh texture was conducted by using 179 genotypes comprising a mixture of landraces and cultivars. By the study, QTLs in every trait were founded respectively (Guo et al., 2019). The goals of this study were to determine the significant genetic regions and find the candidate genes governing genetic variations in seven berry related traits of table grapes. A pseudo-F2 population was genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method and phenotypic variations of the seven traits were measured for two years. QTLs detected by GWAS and linkage analysis by genetic map were compared with QTLs in previous studies and candidate genes underlying the QTLs were predicted. In this study, not only the traits previously studied but the tensile strength, which is advantageous shelf-life characteristic and astringency of berry skin were also investigated. A comprehensive understanding of genetic determinism of the berry related traits will facilitate the breeding of new grape cultivars.과수 육종의 주된 목표는 고품질의 과실을 생산하는 품종을 선발하는 것이다. 과실의 품질을 결정하는 대부분의 형질들은 양적 형질이다. 이러한 형질들에 관여하는 다수의 유전자를 탐색하고 그 역할을 밝히는 것은 육종을 효율적으로 수행하기 위해 필요한 사항이다. 본 연구에서는 육종의 목표에 해당하는 7가지 형질에 관여하는 유전자를 탐색하기 위하여 유전체 전장 연관 분석을 수행하였다. 타노레드와 루비씨들리스 그리고 그 둘을 교배하여 만든 269개체의 자손을 이용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에 이용한 형질은 총 7개로 과립 무게, 종자 무게, 인장 강도, 당도, 산 함량, 과육 경도, 과피 내 고분자 타닌 함량이다. 표현형 조사는 2018년과 2019년 두 해 동안 실시하였는데 성숙기에 해당하는 8월부터 10월에 과실 시료를 무작위로 채취하여 위의 형질들을 조사하였다. 두 해 동안 조사한 표현형 데이터의 상관 계수는 0.34-0.81에 해당하여 넓게 분포하였으나, P-값은 1.126e-07부터 2.2e-16에 해당하여 각각의 형질은 연차 간 상관 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. Genotyping-by-sequencing 방법을 통해 유전체 DNA의 염기 서열 분석을 수행하였다. 총 271개체로부터 얻은 148.69Gb의 유전 정보를 포도 표준 유전체인 PN40024 12X.v2에 정렬하였다. 총 400,648개의 단일 염기 다형성을 얻었으며 이후 조건에 맞춰 25,421개의 단일 염기 다형성을 선발하여 유전체 전장 연관 분석에 이용하였다. 또한 그 중 2,243개의 단일 염기 다형성을 이용하여 연관 지도를 작성하고 양적 형질 유전자좌를 탐색하여 본 연구의 결과를 검토하였다. 과립 무게, 종자 무게, 인장 강도와 관련된 유의한 단일 염기 다형성은 18번 염색체 상에 있는 무핵 연관 주동 유전자로 알려진 VvAGL11의 주변에 위치하였으나 당도, 산도, 과육 경도의 경우에는 두 해 모두 공통되는 유의한 결과를 찾을 수 없었다. 포도 과피의 떫은맛을 결정하는 과피 내 고분자 타닌 함량의 경우 연관된 단일 염기 다형성이 11번째 염색체에서 발견되었으며 그 주변에서 발견된 VvMybPA2이 후보 유전자로 선발되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 유전체 전장 연관 분석을 통해 생식용 포도 과실의 품질을 결정하는 형질과 관련된 후보 유전자들을 선발할 수 있었으며 해당 분석 방법의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 14 LITERATURE CITED 43 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 51Maste

역공급사슬에서 RFID 활용에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :산업공학과,2005.Maste

(The) study on the response of hazardous chemical companies to the administrative regulations

환경관리학과/석사[한글] 우리나라에서 유해화학물질을 취급하는 각종 업소는 적정한 안전관리를 위하여 각 부처의 여러 규제법에 의거한 안전실태 점검을 받고 있다. 이러한 유해화학물질 관련 규제는 현재 여러 부처에서 서로 다른 목적에 의해 개별적으로 제정된 법에 의해 이루어지기 때 문에 중복 규제의 가능성이 있으며 일부 항목은 법 상호간에 일관성이 없는 내용을 포함하고 있다. 이에 사업장에서는 사업장 안전관리 시행에 어려움을 호소하고 있으며 실제로 비용적, 시간적 낭비가 반복되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 각종 법규제의 중복성이라든가 취급업자들의 불만 요인등에 대해 체계적으로 연구된 바 없어 효율적인 개선책을 도출하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현행 유해화학물질의 규제정책의 현실과 제반문제점을 파악해보고 이를 다루는 일선 취급업자들에서의 행정규제에 대한 문제점 인식을 조사하여 체계적으로 현행제도의 문제점을 도출하고 규제정책에 대한 새로운 방향에 대해 제언해보고자 시도되었다. 먼저 유해화학물질 규제 법규에 해당되는 고압가스안전관리법, 유해화학물질관리법, 대기환경보전법, 산업안전보건법, 소방법 등의 내용을 중심으로 비교 검토하여 중복규제와 각종 규제 상호간에 불일치성 등의 문제점을 도출하였다. 그리고 유해화학물질의 각종 규 제에 대한 인식정도를 설문을 통하여 조사하였다. 설문조사는 1998년 5월 1일부터 1998년 5월 8일까지 7일간이었으며, 설문에 응한 연구대상은 한국가스안전공사의 전산망으로 설치된 KGSC(Korea Gas Safety Corporation) Program의 업소관리대장에 등록되어 있는 인천 광역시에 소재한 암모니아, 염소 취급업소에서 직·간접적으로 유해화학물질을 취급하며 관련 규제를 받고 있는 35개 업소의 종사자 177명이었다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고압가스안전관리법상의 독성가스로 분류된 31종중에서 유해화학물질 관련법에 의해 규제받는 물질은 검토한 5개법중에서 평균 3.13개법이 중복규제하고 있었으며, 안전밸브 설치기준 등 법 상호간에 일관성이 없는 내용이 있었다. 둘째, 수검내역은 암모니아 저장규모가 912ton으로 대규모시설인 H회사(제조시설)의 경우 점검기관의 20개기관이 규제를 하고 있었으며, 수검의 횟수는 1년간 175회로 조사되었다. 이렇게하여 업소에서는 관계법별로 수검 전담 인원 1∼2명을 두고 관리하고 있었다. 암모니아 저장규모가 20ton으로 중규모회사인 D회사(저장시설)의 경우는 11개기관이 규제를 하고 있었으며, 수검의 횟수는 1년간 78회로 조사되었다. 암모니아 저장규모가 0.95ton으로 소규모시설인 HW 회사(사용시설)의 경우는 8개기관이 규제를 하고 있었으며, 수검 의 횟수는 1년간 52회로 조사되었다. 세째, 유해화학물질의 취급업소에서 관련 규제에 대하여 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 설문조사 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1점에서 10점 평정척도(1점;가장나쁜상태, 10점: 가장좋은상태)에서 유해화학물질 규제의 일관성에 대한 인식정도가 평균 3.57로 매우 낮게 나타났으 며, 유해화학물질 규제의 과다(중복)성에 대한 인식정도가 평균 3.74로 낮게 나타났다. 그 다음으로는 유해화학물질 규제의 개선정도에 대한 인식정도가 4.23으로, 유해화학물질 규제의 도움여부에 대한 인식정도가 4.57로, 유해화학물질 규제의 신뢰성에 대한 인식정도가 4.73으로 나타났다. 넷째, 유해화학물질 관련 규제내용에 대한 인식정도는 다음과 같았다. 각종 인허가시 행정절차의 복잡성에 대한 인식정도가 평균 3.11로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 유해화학물질에 대한 각종 규제가 현실과 일치여부의 인식정도가 3.20, 각종 감독기관 상호의견 일치여부 의 인식정도는 3.33으로 낮게 나타났다. 그 다음으로는 유해화학물질에 대한 각종 규제내용이 이해하기 쉬운가여부로 3.41, 유해화학물질에 대한 각종 규제가 현실과 맞게 개선여부는 3.46으로 낮게 나타났다. 상대적으로 높게 나타난 것은 유해화학물질 각종 규제가 안전관리에 필요여부의 인식정도가 5.89로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유해화학물질 규제가 업소의 제반 안전관리에 기본이되는가의 인식정도는 5.30으로, 유해화학물질 규제가 업소 안전관리에 기여하는가의 인식정도가 5.13로 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상과 같이 살펴본바 법규내용 검토 및 규제 사례조사를 통하여 규제의 과다(중복)과 일관성이 없는 문제점 등이 나타났고, 인식정도에서도 과다(중복)성과 일관성 등에 대하여 낮게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 현재 시행되고 있는 유해화학물질 관련 규제의 일관성 있는 관리를 위하여 개별법간에 종합적이고 체계적인 관리체계의 정립이 절실하고, 관련법규 간의 규제를 상호 인정하는 제도의 도입으로 행정절차의 간소화 유도가 필요하며, 업소와 규제기관과의 유기적인 협조체제를 구축하여 제반정보를 교환하고, 공동으로 활용토 록하여 합리적인 규제법안을 정립하여야 한다. 그리고 유해화학물질에 대한 규제를 합리적, 효율적으로 운영하기 위하여 규제방식을 가장 사후적인 규제방식으로의 전환도 고려해야 될 것이다. 또한 자기책임의식에 기초하여 자율안전관리체계를 확립하는 방향으로의 모색이 필요하다 하겠다. [영문] The purpose of this study is to identify the problems encountered with the regulations on the hazardous chemical materials and to present the new directions for the administrative regulations. In the study, the problems and directions of the existing regulations were considered by comparing the problems which came out from cross-examining the related laws with the problems which appeared in the response of the hazardous chemical companies. This study also approached the new direction by examining the general regulatory policy theory and the cases operating in the foreign countries. The objects of this study were the 35 ammonia, chlorine companys located in the Incheon District. The result of the study can be summarized as follows. First, among the 31 types which are classified by the High Pressure Gas Safety Management Law as toxic gases, the materials regulated by the hazardous chemical materials related laws are regulated by average 3.13 laws among the studied 5 laws. Second, the break-down of the inspections by inspection agencies are; H company, a large scale facility, 175 times of inspection per year by 20 agencies; D company, a midium facility, 78 times by 11 agencies; HW company, a small facility, 52 times by 8 agencies. Third, the result of the response of the hazardous chemical companies on the related regulations showed that the awareness about the consistency of the regulations was very low as average 3.57 among the rating scale of 1 to 10, the overlap of the regulations as 3.74, the improvement of the regulations as 4.23, the use of the regulation as 4.57, and the reliability of the regulations as 4.73. Forth, regarding the awareness level about the regulation of the hazardous chemical materials, the complexity of administrative procedure showed the lowest as 3.11, the consistency with the reality as 3.20, the consistency of opinions among regulatory agencies as 3.33, the easiness of the understanding of regulations as 3.41, and the improvement of regulations conforming to the reality as 3.46. The awareness to the necessity of safety management showed the highest as 5.89, followed by the basis of general safety management of companies as 5.30. In conclusion, in order to operate regulatory policy on hazardous chemical materials reasonably and efficiently, consideration should be changed the restriction method into an ex post facto restriction one. Also, it will be necessary for us to establish the self-regulating safety management system standing on the basis of self-fulfilling responsibility.prohibitio

전단력 하에서 가교된 EPDM과 PP블렌드의 결정구조 및 몰폴로지

전단력 하에서 가교된 EPDM과 PP블렌드의 결정구조와 morphology를 연구하였다 EPDM을 가교시키기 위하여 dicumyl peroxide(DCP)를 사용하였고 EPDM과 PP를 동시에 mixer에 혼입한 뒤 shearing force가 가해지는 조건하에서 가교반응과 blending 이 동시에 일어나도록 하는 blend-cure process와 EPDM-DCP mixture를 먼저 curing시키고 전단력 하에서 가교된 EPDM을 2단계로 PP와 혼합시키는 cure-blend process 두가지 방법을 사용하여 시료를 제조하였다. X-선 회절분석에 의해 EPDM은 PP의 결정도를 상승시키나 결정구조는 변화시키지 않고 dynamic curing의 제조방법 역시 PP의 결정구조에는 아무런 영향을 끼치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. EB75 PP25 blend-cure 시료의 경우 SEM 관찰에 의해 EPDM이 microgel 구조를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다

A study on the properties of dynamically cured EPDM/PP blends

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 화학공학과, 1985.2, [ iii, 91 p. ]한국과학기술원 : 화학공학과

Prospective, comparative clinical pilot study of cold atmospheric plasma device in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Cold atmospheric plasma generates free radicals through the ionization of air at room temperature. Its effect and safety profile as a treatment modality for atopic dermatitis lesions have not been evaluated prospectively enough. We aimed to investigate the effect and safety of cold atmospheric plasma in patients with atopic dermatitis with a prospective pilot study. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment or sham control treatment were applied respectively in randomly assigned and symmetric skin lesions. Three treatment sessions were performed at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Clinical severity indices were assessed at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4 after treatment. Additionally, the microbial characteristics of the lesions before and after treatments were analyzed. We included 22 patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis presented with symmetric lesions. We found that cold atmospheric plasma can alleviate the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis. Modified atopic dermatitis antecubital severity and eczema area and severity index score were significantly decreased in the treated group. Furthermore, scoring of atopic dermatitis score and pruritic visual analog scales significantly improved. Microbiome analysis revealed significantly reduced proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in the treated group. Cold atmospheric plasma can significantly improve mild and moderate atopic dermatitis without safety issues

Mycosis Fungoides in Children and Adolescents A Systematic Review

IMPORTANCE Comprehensive data on childhood mycosis fungoides (MF) is scarce. OBJECTIVE To describe clinical features, immunophenotypes, various treatment options, and prognosis of MF in children and adolescents. EVIDENCE REVIEW This systematic review searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases in October 2019. The search terms included mycosis fungoides, infant, children, and adolescent. No filter for the publication period was used, but studies written in a language other than English were excluded. Reference lists of the relevant articles were also searched manually. Case series and case reports were included if data on childhood MF were extractable. The Asan Medical Center database for cases of childhood MF was also searched. Patients were treated from January 1, 1990, to July 31, 2019, and were younger than 20 years at the time of diagnosis. The methodologic quality of the included studies was assessed with items from the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were analyzed from December 9, 2019, to September 4, 2020. FINDINGS A total of 571 unique patients were included. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 12.2 (4.2) years; at onset, 8.6 (4.2) years. The female-to-male ratio was 1:1.6 (350 male patients [61.3%]). Among 522 patients with data available at diagnosis, stage 1 disease constituted 478 cases (91.6%), followed by stage 2 (39 [7.5%]) and stage 4 (5 [1.0%]). Among the 567 patients with data available, the most common variant of MF was the hypopigmented form (309 [54.5%]), followed by classic MF (187 [33.0%]). The MF lesions were predominantly the CD4(+) and CD8(+) immunophenotype in 99 (49.5%) and 79 (39.5%) of 200 patients, respectively. Among the treatments, narrowband UV-B was the most frequently used (150 of 426 [35.2%]). Most patients were alive with the disease (185 of 279 [66.3%]); 83 of 279 (29.8%) were in complete remission; and 11 of 279 (3.9%) had died by the last follow-up. A longer time from onset to diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.45), granulomatous slack skin (HR, 12.25; 95% CI, 1.99-75.26), granulomatous MF (HR, 14.59; 95% CI, 1.31-162.00), a history of organ transplant (HR, 10.15; 95% CI, 0.98-105.37), and stage 2 disease at the time of diagnosis (HR, 10.22; 95% CI, 2.94-35.50) were associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this review suggest that there is often a significant delay until the establishment of a correct diagnosis of childhood MF, which may be detrimental to the prognosis

Real-world experience of lenvatinib in patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) in real-world practice. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 14 patients with advanced ATC who received lenvatinib. We evaluated the response rate according to RECIST. Results: Ten patients had de novo ATC, and lenvatinib was used as a neoadjuvant treatment in eight patients. During a median follow-up of 6.7 months, patients received lenvatinib at a median dose of 13 mg daily. Overall, four patients (29%) showed partial response, nine (64%) had stable disease, and one (7%) had progressive disease. Tumor burden was reduced in 13 patients (93%), and the median best percent change from the baseline was ?15.8%. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 5.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2?8.3) and 6.7 months (95% CI, 3.0?8.4), respectively. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs). Most AEs were manageable but two AEs?tracheal perforation, and pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum?were life-threatening. One patient underwent flap surgery for reconstruction of their tracheal perforation, and another died of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, which seemed to be related to lenvatinib. Conclusions: In this multicenter real-world study, lenvatinib demonstrated limited clinical activity in advanced ATC. It effectively reduced the tumor burden but showed doubtful survival benefit. Although most AEs were manageable, one fatal AE was related to rapid tumor shrinkage. Further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and optimal dose of lenvatinib in patients with advanced ATC