Comparison of oral microbiome in siblings using next generation sequencing

치의학과/석사The purpose of this study was to identify the oral microbiome in siblings with or without dental caries using next generation sequencing to verify the ecological changes in health and caries state and to identify the horizontal transmission. To investigate the composition of microbiome, 14 young siblings including 7 in caries group and 7 in caries-free group (average of 4.3 years) were enrolled in 7 families. Supragingival plaques were collected from cervico-buccal area of posterior teeth. All samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing based on 16S rRNA gene V1-V4 hypervariable regions. At the phylum level of caries-group, Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria decreased. At the genus level of caries-group, Streptococcus increased and Haemophilus, Capnocytophage, and Leptotrichia decreased. At species level of caries group, Veillonella dispar, Veillonella tobetsuensis, Veillonella rodentium, Actinomyces viscosus, and Streptococcus sanguinis increased and Streptococcus mitis, Capnocytophage sputiger, Capnocytophage leadbeltt and AF366267 decreased. Similarity between the siblings was evident in UniFrac distance (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results showed the ecological change of oral microbiome in caries, the same as the previous researches. In addition, it appeared that the horizontal transmission contributed to the colonization of oral microbiome in siblings. We suggested that the strategy of caries prevention and management have to be considered in more holistic and personalized approach.ope

The Result of the Dental Behavior Treatment for the Patients with the Developmental Disorder in Seoul Dental Hospital for Disabled

The developmental disorder(intellectual disorder(ID) and autism spectrum disorder(ASD)) can severely impair a patient's ability to communicate and socialize. So they require physical management techniques, pharmacologic agents, and general anesthesia more than the normal at the dental clinic. The behavior therapy is a kind of the psychotherapy and is applied to the patient with behavioral problems. Seoul Dental Hospital for Disabled(SDHD) set up the Dental Behavior Clinic for the patients with developmental disorder and treated 32 patients with ID or ASD, blind. 18 patients were treated according to the ordinary plans, 14 patients stopped the treatment by different reasons. The various results of the treatment were produced by the kind or severity of the diseases, age and cooperation of the patients and the caregivers. Especially, the behavior therapist helped to figure out the characteristics of the patients and to make individualized treatment plans. In the future, it will be necessary to treat more patients and to make the dental behavior therapy objectify. And through the dental behavior therapy, it will be expected that the patients will become more cooperative to the dental clinic and can receive regular check-up peacefully, reducing the frequency of the general anesthesiaope

COMPARISON OF DENTAL STAFF'S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS PATIENTS BETWEEN THE SPECIAL DENTAL CLINIC AND THE GENERAL DENTAL CLINIC

The aim of this research is to compare the attitude toward the special needs of dental staffs between the special dental clinic (SDC) and the general dental clinic (GDC). Surveys were done on 21 dental staffs (7 dentists and 14 dental hygienists) of SDC and 47 dental staffs (10 dentists and 37 dental hygienists) of GDC. Attitudes were rated on a questionnaire with the five-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney test was utilized for statistical analysis. In SDC, more female dentists and dental staffs who have relatives with disability were working. Dental staffs of SDC showed that the more experience they had, the more positive attitudes toward the communication with the patients with special needs (p<0.05). Dental staffs of SDC represented more active attitudes toward the oral health promotion, treatment, research and volunteering (p<0.05). In conclusion, dental staffs who have personal motivation were working in SDC and the experience of dental treatment to the patients with special needs influenced the dental staffs` attitudes toward them. In future, a research about the attitude toward the disabled with more exact scale should be followed.ope

Comparison of oral microbiome in siblings using next generation sequencing

치의학과/석사The purpose of this study was to identify the oral microbiome in siblings with or without dental caries using next generation sequencing to verify the ecological changes in health and caries state and to identify the horizontal transmission. To investigate the composition of microbiome, 14 young siblings including 7 in caries group and 7 in caries-free group (average of 4.3 years) were enrolled in 7 families. Supragingival plaques were collected from cervico-buccal area of posterior teeth. All samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing based on 16S rRNA gene V1-V4 hypervariable regions. At the phylum level of caries-group, Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria decreased. At the genus level of caries-group, Streptococcus increased and Haemophilus, Capnocytophage, and Leptotrichia decreased. At species level of caries group, Veillonella dispar, Veillonella tobetsuensis, Veillonella rodentium, Actinomyces viscosus, and Streptococcus sanguinis increased and Streptococcus mitis, Capnocytophage sputiger, Capnocytophage leadbeltt and AF366267 decreased. Similarity between the siblings was evident in UniFrac distance (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results showed the ecological change of oral microbiome in caries, the same as the previous researches. In addition, it appeared that the horizontal transmission contributed to the colonization of oral microbiome in siblings. We suggested that the strategy of caries prevention and management have to be considered in more holistic and personalized approach.ope

ANALYSIS ON THE ARTICLES OF SPECIAL NEEDS DENTISTRY IN KOREAN MEDICAL DATABASE

This paper classified the articles of special needs dentistry(SND) published in Korean medical database according to thematic distribution and chronological change to assess recent academic trends and indicate the direction of study in the future. We selected articles in 17 dental journals registered with the Korea Research Foundation This study found that the total number of articles of SND was 292 in 17 journals from 1973 to 2012. The biggest number of articles of SND was published in the journal of the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, which means pediatric dentists contribute to dental treatment of people who need special care. According to growing number of people with disabilities, the number of articles related in SND has been increased since 2000. Also, the aged and children as well as people with disabilities fit into the category of SND and the scope of SND has been enlarged. So dentists should concern and study more about SND in the future.ope

Inpatient Dental Consultations to Pediatric Dentistry in the Yonsei University Severance Hospital

The goal of this study was to describe dental consultation of pediatric inpatients to the department of pediatric dentistry at Yonsei University Severance Hospital. 391 dental consultations at Yonsei University Severance Hospital referred to pediatric dentistry in the year 2012 were included in this study. Consultations were categorized according to patients' gender, age, chief complaint, referred department and diagnosis. 288 patients (166 males and 122 females) with an average age of 5.9 were referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. 129 cases (33.1%) from Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, 80 cases (20.5%) from Pediatric Hematology- Oncology, 51 cases (13.0%) from Pediatric Cardiology, and 44 cases (11.3%) from Pediatric Neurology. Chief complaints were ranked from oral examination (39.7%), dental caries (14.0%), pre-operative evaluation (12.8%) and others (33.5%); including oral pain, trauma, tooth mobility, orthodontic treatment, self-injury, fabrication of obturator and etc. Dental consultations should be encouraged as dental care and treatment could affect the control of systemic diseases of admitted patients. Pediatric inpatients have been referred to pediatric dentistry for not only comprehensive oral exam but also various chief complaints. The most frequent dental diagnosis made and treatment performed were dental caries and non-invasive/preventive care respectively.ope

EXTRACTION OF MULTIPLE SUPERNUMERARY PREMOLARS IN MENTAL RETARDATION PATIENT : CASE REPORT

The supernumerary premolars account for 4%-9% of all supernumeraries and reported prevalence is 0.01%-1.00%. Multiple supernumerary teeth can be seen in syndromic phenotypes. But, only 2% of supernumerary premolars exhibited any pathological changes. Most of them cause interference with normal occlusal development that makes maintaining the disabled patients's oral hygiene difficult. It is recommended to delay the timing of extraction until the full permanent dentition is mature. If there is no complication, leaving the supernumerary premolars impacted is recommended. This case is about mental retardation patients with multiple supernumerary premolars.ope

DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF A PATIENT WITH PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME : A CASE REPORT

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by abnormality of chromosome 15q11-13. The estimated prevalence of PWS is 1/10,000-30,000. Most common features of this disease are feeding problems characterized by poor sucking habit related with neonatal or infantile hypotonia and obesity due to early childhood hyperphagia involved with lack of satiety. In the orodental findings, enamel hypoplasia, rampant caries, delayed eruption, poor oral hygiene, hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, increased tooth wear, decreased salivary flow and change in saliva composition were reported. This case report describes the dental treatment of 3-year-9-months-old male patient with PWS. Periodic check-ups and conservative treatments were followed, however, rapid dental caries progression caused by estimating hyposalivation was observed. Because of lack of patient cooperation, dental procedures were performed under general anesthesia.ope

The Distribution of Patients and Teratment Trends in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry Yonsei University Dental Hospital for Last 5 Years

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in treatment patterns within pediatric dentistry departments by analyzing the distribution of patients and treatment trends. To that end, treatment charts based on electronic medical records (EMR) from the Yonsei University Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. The results showed a decrease in the number of new patients and patients cared for by non-specialists, while the number of foreign patients has increased. The under 2 years-old group accounted for a large portion of new patients. Dental caries, dental trauma, and malocclusion ranked as the top complaints. In terms of restoration treatment, the proportion of patients receiving composite resin, amalgam, and sealant has decreased, whereas self-curing glass ionomer and preventive resin restoration have increased. Single-visit endodontic treatment has been increasing, with a decreasing trend in multi-visit endodontic treatment. The rate of conservative pulp treatment, such as pulp capping and pulpotomy, has increased. For reducing patient anxiety, treatments under sedation have increased, especially with the use of nitric oxide. This investigation into the latest treatment trends and patient characteristics is expected to help pediatric dentists to make appropriate treatment plans.ope

SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIORS DUE TO VARIOUS MENTAL DISORDERS:ORAL MANIFESTATION AND THE TREATMENT

Behavioral problems could be easily observed in patients with various mental disorders, and may be inevitable. Self-injurious behavior(SIB) can be defined as a deliberate or subconscious alteration or destruction of one's body without conscious suicidal intent. SIB frequently involves oral tissues and could vary from a trifling injury to damages that could lead to further disabilities. The cases presented in this report discuss oral SIB due to Tic disorder and ADHD and their treatments. Clinicians should be well aware of the possibility of oral SIB in various mental disorders as well as the diverse depths of such behaviors accordingly. Moreover, different treatment modalities should be prioritized according to the causative mental disorders.ope