Reliability and Validity of the Korean-Parental Self-Efficacy with Eczema Care Index

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is a global problem affecting children, and its prevalence in Korea is steadily increasing. Since it is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease, caregiver management of young children's atopic dermatitis is crucial for positive treatment outcomes. A factor that contributes to adherence to recommended prescriptions is parents' self-efficacy. However, accurate measurements of parental self-efficacy in relation to disease-specific task management are scarce. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean language version of the Parental Self-Efficacy with Eczema Care Index (K-PASECI). METHODS: One hundred twenty five mothers of children younger than 13 years old who had atopic dermatitis were recruited from three tertiary hospitals across Korea. The K-PASECI was developed in accordance with the published guidelines. Psychometric testing included factor analysis, internal consistency testing, and concurrent validity analysis by comparing K-PASECI domains with parenting self-efficacy subscales. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure that explained 69.4% of the variance. The four factors were as follows; managing a child's symptoms and behaviour, communicating with medical staff, managing medication, and using moisturizer as part of routine management. The findings showed acceptable internal consistency (α=.94) and a moderate positive correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=.48, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The K-PASECI, a reliable and valid scale for measuring self-efficacy in parents caring for children with atopic dermatitis, may be used in clinical and research settings to measure parents' self-efficacy in Korea, as well as in other English-speaking countries.ope

Kirkpatrick Model Evaluation of Accelerated Second-Degree Nursing Programs: A Scoping Review

Background: This scoping review examined the out comes of accelerated second-degree baccalaureate and master of nursing programs using the Kirkpatrick four-level model. Method: A systematic search of four major scientific databases identified 15 articles meeting study inclusion cri teria. The articles were assessed for educational outcomes, and extracted data were organized according to the four level Kirkpatrick model consisting of reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Results: Both second-degree bacca laureate and master of nursing program students showed strong academic achievement, high employment rates, and high program satisfaction but reported lack of perceived preparedness for a clinical position. No studies evaluated the long-term impacts of the programs on graduates’ clini cal practice or patient outcomes. Conclusion: Accelerated second-degree nursing programs quickly and efficiently produce licensed nurses. The care provided by the gradu ates of these accelerated programs needs to be investigat ed in both short- and long-term to better determine overall program effectiveness.ope

Validity and reliability evaluation of pregnancy related stress scale

The perceived stress of pregnant women is a potential contributor to adverse birth outcomes. Although the importance of the psychosocial well-being of pregnant women has been emphasized, there are fewreliable and valid instruments to measure the stress level of pregnant women in Korea. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of Ahn's pregnancy related stress scale (PSS) that was originally developed in 1984. Two hundred pregnant women completed the survey questionnaire, which was comprised of the PSS, depression scale, and demographic information. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity. The concurrent validity was evaluated using the correlation with depression scores. Based on exploratory factor analysis and a consideration of conceptual meaning, a five-factor structure was extracted, explaining 57.25% of the variance: physical discomfort, fetus, parenting, spouse relationship, and housework. The goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =.89). The concurrent validity was confirmed by a comparing with the depression score (r=.48, p <.001). The shortened PSS, as a valid and reliable scale, is recommended to be used to assess pregnancy-related stress and to develop stress managing interventions for pregnant women in clinical settings.ope

Mobile Technology in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Systematic Review

Objectives: This study aimed to identify and systematically review the literature on the use of mobile technology in nursing education. The research findings could evidence the effectiveness of mobile technology in undergraduate nursing students' learning outcomes. Methods: Computerized searches were conducted using the Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases for relevant primary studies and limited to those between 2000 and February 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published in either English or Korean were included and critically appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Results: Seven RCTs and 7 quasi-experimental studies were identified. The mobile device and intervention applied varied throughout all the studies. Studies published earlier in the 2000s found that immediate access to clinical and pharmacological referencing information through the mobile device increased students' efficacy in clinical practice. Later studies, which were mostly conducted in Korea, reported that smartphone-based applications could promote nursing students' learning motivation and satisfaction but not their clinical skills and knowledge. Conclusions: We still seem to be in the beginning stage of implementing mobile technology in nursing education due to the limited implication of mobile technology and inconsistent research conclusions. In the future, rigorous primary empirical studies are needed to suggest the effective use of mobile devices in nursing education.ope

Discharge Readiness Scale for Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infants is an important predictor of successful transitions from hospital to home, however its assessments criteria require further refining in Korea. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the measures available for assessing the discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infant and to evaluate the measurement properties of each instrument. Methods: A literature search for discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infants was performed using 8 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, KoreaMED, RISS, KISS), using preferred reporting items as per the systematic reviews guidelines. For the quality evaluations of the articles, the COSMIN checklist including content validity, internal structure, and the remaining measurement properties was used. Results: Among the 23 studies selected, 8 studies were excluded due to lack of information on their instrument’s measurement properties while remaining 15 studies were evaluated for the quality of measurement attributes. Overall information on the properties of the instruments was lacking in all studies. Conclusion: None of the instruments evaluated all the relevant measurement properties. The results of this review suggest that it is necessary to develop a discharge readiness instrument that considers the necessary and relevant characteristics required for successful hospital to home transition for parents of high-risk infants.ope

e-TL에 대한 오해와 진실

2006년도 2학기부터 우리 학교에 e-TL(e-Teaching & Learning) 시스템이 도입되면서 이러닝(e-Learning)에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 글로벌 시대를 맞아 국제 학술교류를 위한 도구적 방안으로도 그 중요성이 높아지고 있고, 국내에서도 이러닝을 통한 콘텐츠 교류의 요구가 점차로 높아지고 있는 추세이다. 중앙전산원에서 실시한 학내 정보화 서 비스 사용 실태 모니터링에 의하면 e-TL의 사용률이 이메일 다음으로 높다고 하는데, 이러닝에 대한 높은 관심을 보여 주고 있는 이와 같은 조사 결과는 반가운 소식이 아닐 수 없다. 높은 관심은 이해와 격려, 혹은 감동의 형태로 나타나기도 하지만, 때로는 불만의 형태 로 나타나기도 한다. 불만의 목소리에도 e-TL의 개선을 위해 귀 기울일 내용이 많으며, 이를 반영하도록 꾸준히 노력할 것이다. 그런데 안타깝게도 그러한 의견들 중 일부는 오해에서 비롯된 부분이 없지 않아, 본고에서는 현재 사용자 및 예비 사용자를 위해 e- TL에 대한 몇 가지 오해를 해소해 보고자 한다

Role of Cardiac Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Myocardial Diseases

Multimodality imaging is indicated for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) myocardial diseases. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows morphological and functional assessment of the LV along with soft tissue characterization. Technological advances in cardiac computed tomography (CT) have led to the development of techniques for diagnostic acquisition in LV myocardial disease. Cardiac CT facilitates the characterization of LV myocardial disease based on anatomy, function, and enhancement pattern. LV regional and global functional parameters are evaluated using multi-phasic cine CT images. CT myocardial perfusion facilitates the identification of hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis. Cardiac CT with delayed enhancement is used to detect myocardial scarring or fibrosis in myocardial infarction and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, and for the measurement of extracellular volume fraction in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we review imaging techniques and key imaging features of cardiac CT used for the evaluation of myocardial diseases, along with CMR findings.ope

Family-centered interventions for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an integrative review

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family-centered interventions on improving health outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: A literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using six electronic databases: EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies with populations of children and adolescents (age <18 years) and at least one parent/caregiver, or only parents/caregivers if the children were very young, and studies that investigated the health outcomes of children and parents/caregivers diagnosed with T1DM. Results: From 2,746 published studies, only nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The key interventions were non-technology-based interventions (n=4), technology-based interventions (n=2), and combined technology- and non-technologybased interventions (n=3). The interventions had effects on glycated hemoglobin, adherence to diabetes management, diabetes self-management behaviors, and parentchild teamwork in diabetes management. Other essential effects were children's quality of life, children's problem-solving skills, parents' quality of life, and parents' coping and depression. Conclusion: Family-centered interventions can effectively improve health outcomes in children and adolescents with T1DM. In the future, family-centered interventions integrated with other approaches, theories, and models should be developed to achieve the best possible outcomes.ope

A prediction model for childhood obesity risk using the machine learning method: a panel study on Korean children

Young children are increasingly exposed to an obesogenic environment through increased intake of processed food and decreased physical activity. Mothers' perceptions of obesity and parenting styles influence children's abilities to maintain a healthy weight. This study developed a prediction model for childhood obesity in 10-year-olds, and identify relevant risk factors using a machine learning method. Data on 1185 children and their mothers were obtained from the Korean National Panel Study. A prediction model for obesity was developed based on ten factors related to children (gender, eating habits, activity, and previous body mass index) and their mothers (education level, self-esteem, and body mass index). These factors were selected based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The prediction model was validated with an Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve of 0.82 and an accuracy of 76%. Other than body mass index for both children and mothers, significant risk factors for childhood obesity were less physical activity among children and higher self-esteem among mothers. This study adds new evidence demonstrating that maternal self-esteem is related to children's body mass index. Future studies are needed to develop effective strategies for screening young children at risk for obesity, along with their mothers.ope

Comparison of the Pain-relieving Effects of Human Milk, Sucrose, and Distilled Water during Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: This study compared the pain-relieving effects of human milk, sucrose, and distilled water during examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Forty-five preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a pacifier dipped in one of three solutions: human milk (n=14), 24% sucrose (n=15), or distilled water (n=16), 2 minutes before an eye examination. Their pain score, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were measured at three time points: 5 minutes before the examination, 30 seconds after speculum introduction, and 2 minutes after the examination. Results: The infants’ mean gestational age and weight at birth were 33.1±2.1 weeks and 1,842±470 g, respectively. There were no between-group differences in pain relief during the eye examination. The pain score significantly increased both during (p<.001) and after the examinations (p=.003). Oxygen saturation decreased during the examinations (p<.001); however, the infants in the 24% sucrose group showed higher oxygen saturation (p=.047) during the examinations than the infants in the other groups. Conclusion: Sucking on a pacifier dipped in human milk or 24% sucrose did not reduce the pain associated with eye examinations in preterm infants. Pacifiers dipped in sucrose can be used to maintain better oxygen saturation during these examinations.ope