18 research outputs found

    ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™•์‚ฐํ™”์—ผ์˜ ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1996.Maste

    The evaluation of the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter for intensity modulated radiation therapy dose verification

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    ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ2005๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์•„์ง ๋„์ž…๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ์—๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ ์ ์šฉ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ, ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜์กด์„ฑ, ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๋ฅ  ์˜์กด์„ฑ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ๋„ ์˜์กด์„ฑ, ์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ „ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ DN081๏ฝžDN083์ธ ์†Œ์ž ๊ฐ„ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 14.4 % ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 2.4 %์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ยฑ1.5 % ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ EQUAL(The ESTRO-QUALity assurance network) ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ 2 Gy๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ 2๏ฝž6 Gy๋Š” ์ƒ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ(Supra-linearity)์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์€ 2๏ฝž6 Gy ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ด์ฐจ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ณด์ •์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์˜ ์–‘์˜ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์€ x-์„ , ์ „์ž์„ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ยฑ 1%, ยฑ 0.9 %, ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๋ฅ  ์˜์กด์„ฑ์€ x-์„ ์—์„œ ยฑ 0.4 %, ์ „์ž์„ ์—์„œ ยฑ 0.3 %, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ๋„ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์€ ยฑ 0.7 %์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ 5 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋“œ์•„ํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ 5 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด 10 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํŠน์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณด์ •์ธ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ ยฑ 5 %์—์„œ ยฑ 7 %๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜์Œ์˜์— ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜์—ญ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋“œ์•„ํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ 1 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘์ž๊ทน๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด‘์ž์„  ๋ฐ ์ „์ž์„  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์„ ์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ดํ˜•๊ด‘์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์น˜์šฐ์นจ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ๋ฆ„๋„ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์„ธ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋น” ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์จ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ope

    ์ด์‚ฐ ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ๋ › ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๋ฑ…ํฌ์™€ ์„œ๋ธŒ๋ฐด๋“œ ์˜์ƒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste

    ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ถ”์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์กฐ์„ ํ•ด์–‘๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 8. ์ด์‹ ํ˜•.์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์—๋„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ€ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์Œ์ถ•์„ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ์ž์œ  ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์ธ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ์ž์œ  ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜์€ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ 0 ๋„, 5 ๋„, 10 ๋„์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ถ• ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ ๋ฒŒ๋ธŒ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์Œ์ถ• ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ ๋ฒŒ๋ธŒ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์ธ์‹œํ—˜์€ ๋‹จ์ถ•์˜ 5,500 TEU ๊ธ‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ณผ ์Œ์ถ•์˜ 13,000 TEU ๊ธ‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„ํ• ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์น™ํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํŒŒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ์„ ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฏธ ๋ฒŒ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ถ•์„ ์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์Œ์ถ•์„ ์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ์ž์œ  ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์•• ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (CP)๋Š” Stavovy & Chuang์˜ ์ถ”์ •์‹ ๋ฐ Wagner์˜ ์ด๋ก ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์•• ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ ์ถ”์ •์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์ธ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์•• ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (CPa)๋Š” Stavovy & Chuang์˜ ์ถ”์ •์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์› ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ballast ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์ธ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ „์ง„ ์†๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ์„ ์ˆ˜ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ ๋ฏธํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์žฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด (ballast ๋ฐ scantling)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ballast ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ballast ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์šดํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šดํ•ญ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ ์žฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ •์ง€ ์ค‘ ์„ ๋ฏธํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” Ochi & Motter์˜ ์ž„๊ณ„ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™ํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์†๋ ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํŒŒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํฌ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์•• ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํŒŒ ์ค‘์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™ํŒŒ ์ค‘์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•ด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํŒŒ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ์ฒด์— ํœ˜ํ•‘ ์ง„๋™์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ์ฒด ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ๊ตฝํž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ํ•˜์ค‘ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ข…๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํœ˜ํ•‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ ๋ฏธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ๊ตญ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์ด์ „์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 10 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ž์œ  ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ 11 2.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ชจํ˜• 11 2.2 ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 13 2.3 ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์„ ์ • 17 2.4 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 19 2.5 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 23 2.5.1 ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ฑ 23 2.5.2 Wedge10 ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 30 2.5.3 Wedge5 ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 33 2.5.4 Wedge0 ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 36 2.5.5 Fr18 ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 38 2.5.6 St1 ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 43 2.5.7 ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •๋ฆฌ 48 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์ธ์‹œํ—˜ 56 3.1 13,000 TEU ๊ธ‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„  57 3.1.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ ๋ฐ• 57 3.1.2 ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 60 3.1.3 ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์„ ์ • 66 3.1.4 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 68 3.1.5 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 72 3.1.6 ์ธก์ • ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ฑ 77 3.1.7 ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์•• ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋น„๊ต 87 3.1.8 ์ž…์‚ฌํŒŒ ํŒŒ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 90 3.1.9 ํŒŒ๋„ ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 98 3.1.10 ํ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 113 3.1.11 ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 115 3.2 5,500 TEU ๊ธ‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„  118 3.2.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ ๋ฐ• 118 3.2.2 ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 119 3.2.3 ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์„ ์ • 124 3.2.4 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 126 3.2.5 ์ธก์ • ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ฑ 128 3.2.6 ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์•• ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋น„๊ต 130 3.2.7 ์ž…์‚ฌํŒŒ ํŒŒ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 132 3.2.8 ์ž…์‚ฌํŒŒ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 139 3.2.9 ์ž…์‚ฌํŒŒ ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 141 3.2.10 ์ž…์‚ฌํŒŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 145 3.2.11 ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ „์ง„ ์†๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 148 3.2.12 ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 151 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 152 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 156Docto

    Comparison of intrusion theft crime patterns by local characteristics, using similarity methodology and Monte-Carlo simulations

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ๋ฐ•๋ณ‘์šฑ.์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃ„์ข…๋ณ„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œจ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์ • ์ฃ„์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นจ์ž…์ ˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ์ง€์—ญ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์นจ์ž…์ ˆ๋„์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๋ก์ƒ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ดํ’ˆ, ์นจ์ž…๋Œ€์ƒ, ์นจ์ž…๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ฑ์งˆ, ์นจ์ž…์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฒ• ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋น„๋„์‹œ์ง€์—ญ ์นจ์ž…์ ˆ๋„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ช…์ข… ์™ธ(2019)์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„ ์ •์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฏธ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋น„์œ ์‚ฌ๋„ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชฌํ…Œ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์œ ํ˜•๊ฐ„ ๋น„์œ ์‚ฌ๋„ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.The study of the difference in crime incidence by type of crime considering local characteristics has been conducted continuously. However, analysis of crime patterns of specific type of crime according to regional characteristics have been rarely conducted. The purpose of this paper is to find significant difference in intrusion theft crime patterns according to whether it occurs in urban area or not. The intrusion theft patterns are described by the stolen goods, intrusion target, characteristics of intrusion target, intrusion method from past case records. The crime patterns in urban and non-urban areas is summarized in the form of dissimilarity matrices that show the semantic structure between crime patterns considering the characteristics of suspects using the algorithm from Kang et al(2018). Monte-Carlo simulation confirms significant difference between the dissimilarity matrices which summarize crime patterns of the two regions.1 ์„œ๋ก  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 ์ž๋ฃŒ ์„ค๋ช… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 ๋น„์œ ์‚ฌ๋„ ํ–‰๋ ฌ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ฒ™๋„ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Maste

    Impacts of vertical wind shear on cloud-aerosol interactions

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2011.2. ๋ฐฑ์ข…์ง„.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2016. 2. ๋ฐฑ์ข…์ง„.์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์ž…์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นจ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ์› ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์‘๊ฒฐํ•ต(CCN) ์ˆ˜๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๋Œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ(TICE)์ด ์˜จ๋‚œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TICE๋Š” ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ์†Œ์‹ค๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—ด์—ญํ•™์  ํƒ์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฐฉ๋ชจ์—ญ์ „์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šต์œคํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋‚œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  CCN ์ˆ˜๋†๋„์—์„œ TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์•ก์ฒด์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฐ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ TICE์— ์˜ํ•œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” CCN ์ˆ˜๋†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. CCN ์ˆ˜๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‰๊ท  ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋†๋„(CDNC)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ํšจ ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฆ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ CCN ์ˆ˜๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” TICE์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  CDNC์™€ ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ํšจ ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•˜๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์†๋œ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‘๊ฒฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ CCN ์ˆ˜๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, TICE๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ CCN ์ˆ˜๋†๋„์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์Šต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. TICE๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ-๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ, ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ-์–ผ์Œ ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ TICE๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ 2์ฐจ์› ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” TICE๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ TICE๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ผ์Œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ž‘์€ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ท ๋œ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ ์†๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ• ํ”Œ๋Ÿญ์Šค์™€ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์šฉ์œต์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ ์ˆ˜๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ผ์Œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์Šนํ™”๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด TICE ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ TICE๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์‹ธ๋ฝ๋ˆˆ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํฐ ์—๋”” ๋ชจ์‚ฌ(LES) ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋‚œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋น„์œจ, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋‘๊ป˜, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— TICE ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ์•ž๋‹น๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹จ๋ด‰๋ถ„ํฌ์˜€๋˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์Œ๋ด‰๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ด‰๋ถ„ํฌ์—์„œ ๊ทน๊ฐ’์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ์ฆ๋ฐœ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฐ์ง ์šด๋™์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ์šด๋™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(TKE)์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ TKE์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TICE์— ์˜ํ•œ TKE์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ๋˜๋จน์ž„์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ํ™ฉํ•™ ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ๋œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜์–ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ๋œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์–ด์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. TICE๊ฐ€ 2010๋…„ 9์›” 21์ผ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ค‘๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜ธ์šฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ WRF ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ข…๊ด€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ด€์ธก๋œ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ค‘๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ๋œ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์œจ์€ TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ฝ 35%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋„์˜ ์ถœํ˜„ ๋น„์œจ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TICE๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์†์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‘๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์†ก๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์ธต์—์„œ ์–ผ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ผ์Œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ๋ˆˆ์†ก์ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฐฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ˆˆ์†ก์ด์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆˆ์†ก์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฐฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฐ์ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ˆˆ์†ก์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทน๊ฐ’์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ˆˆ์†ก์ด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ˆˆ์†ก์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„์  ์ ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ž…์ž ๋ชจํ˜•, ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ์ถฉ๋Œ ํšจ์œจ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ TICE๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๋™๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ž ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž๋™๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๋น—๋ฐฉ์šธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋†๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ž๋™๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž๋™๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ WRF ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ Thompson ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ƒํ™”๋œ ๊นŠ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜ธ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ™”๋œ ๊นŠ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž๋™๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๋™๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น—๋ฐฉ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜ ์ถœํ˜„์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜ธ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž๋™๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋šœ๋ ท์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” TICE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์†๋˜์–ด ์‘๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‘๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์†ก๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ผ์Œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ์œต์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 1.1. Review of previous studies 1 1.1.1. Effects of turbulence on collisions between cloud droplets 1 1.1.2. Effects of turbulence on clouds and precipitation 3 1.2. Aim of this study 4 2. Model descriptions 6 2.1. Dynamic process 6 2.2. Microphysical process 8 2.2.1. Nucleation process 9 2.2.2. Diffusional process 10 2.2.3. Freezing process 13 2.2.4. Melting process 14 2.2.5. Collision process 15 2.3. Turbulence-induced collision enhancement 17 2.4. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model 21 3. Effects of turbulence on warm clouds and precipitation 23 3.1. Experimental setup 23 3.2. Macroscopic structures 25 3.3. Microscopic structures 29 3.4. Effects of TICE on surface precipitation 35 3.5. Comparisons with results of previous studies 48 4. Effects of turbulence on mixed-phase deep convective clouds and precipitation 54 4.1. Experimental setup 54 4.2. Uniform basic-state wind cases 56 4.3. Sheared basic-state wind cases 66 4.4. Surface precipitation 75 5. Effects of turbulence on warm cloud properties 79 5.1. Experimental setup 79 5.2. Precipitation 81 5.3. Cloud dynamics and morphology 88 5.4. Precipitation effects on cloud morphology 96 6. Effects of turbulence on a heavy precipitation case observed in the Korean Peninsula 99 6.1. Case description and experimental setup 99 6.2. Validation 100 6.3. Turbulent structures and precipitation 106 6.4. Microphysical structures 114 7. Development of a new autoconversion parameterization with inclusion of the turbulence effects 125 7.1. Parameterization of the autoconversion process 125 7.2. Turbulence-induced collision enhancement on autoconversion process 134 7.3. Validation 137 7.4. Results 140 7.4.1. Idealized 2-D cloud case 140 7.4.2. Heavy precipitation case 146 8. Summary and Conclusions 151 REFERENCES 159 ์ดˆ๋ก 171Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 8. ์ด์ฐฝํฌ.ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ABX3 (A: larger cation, B: smaller cation, X: halide anion) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธˆ์† ์ „์ด ํŠน์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ 2์ฐจ์›์—์„œ 3์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋ฐด๋“œ ๊ฐญ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ด‘์ „ ์†Œ์ž๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด‘ํ•™, ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์˜จํ™”๋œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋†’์€ ํก๊ด‘ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (1.5x104 cm-1 at 550 nm for CH3NH3PbI3)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” 550 nm ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋น›์ด ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 0.66 ฮผm ์ •๋„์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ํก๊ด‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ์˜ ์›์†Œ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐด๋“œ ๊ฐญ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด‘์›์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹ค ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋ฐ˜์น˜ํญ์€ ์•ฝ 20 nm๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ‰ ์ˆœ๋„๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋œ ๊ด‘์›๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ๋Š” DMF, DMSO, ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ, ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทน์„ฑ ์šฉ๋งค์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Šตํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์—ดํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ์˜ ์—ดํ™”๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์› ํ˜น์€ ๊ด‘์›์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰์˜ cesium ํ˜น์€ formamidinium์„ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ์— ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฐœ์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž๋“ค์„ ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ด‰์ง€ ๋œ (encapsulated) ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ดํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ดํ™” ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ดํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ญ๊ตฌ์กฐ (inverted structure)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ž€ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹จ ๊ธˆ์† ์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์ž… ํ˜น์€ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ •๊ณต์ด ํ•˜๋‹จ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช… ์ „๊ทน์ธ ITO๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์ž… ํ˜น์€ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ด์˜จ ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ์—ดํ™”์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1000์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ์ž ์—ดํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ fill factor์—์„œ ํฐ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Ag ์ „๊ทน๊ณผ PCBM ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ์ž ์—ดํ™” 10, 20, 30, 40์ผ์ฐจ์— Ag ์ „๊ทน์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Ag์ „๊ทน์˜ ์žฌ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšจ์œจ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ์žฌ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ „์••๊ณผ fill factor๊ฐ€ ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ์žฌ์ฆ์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€ (activation energy)์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” fill factor์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์—ดํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋œ ์š”์˜ค๋“œ ์ด์˜จ์€ PCBM ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ PCBM์˜ quasi n ๋„ํ•‘ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ์žฌ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์š”์˜ค๋“œ ์ด์˜จ๊ณผ PCBM ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์˜จ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ energetic disorder ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ „๊ทน ์žฌ์ฆ์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ „์•• ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•˜์˜ ์—ญ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์—ดํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•€ํ™€ ์—†๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. PbBr2 ์šฉ์•ก๊ณผ MABr ์šฉ์•ก์ด ์ฐจ๋ก€๋Œ€๋กœ ์Šคํ•€ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์—ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•€ํ™€ ์—†๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋Š” 67,557 cd/m2์˜ ํœ˜๋„์™€ 2.02%์˜ EQE๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ดํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๊ตฌ๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด์˜จ ํ™•์‚ฐ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ดํ™” ์›์ธ๊ณผ Al ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ์—ดํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ดํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ค˜๋‹ค. ์ด์˜จ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ์ €๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์† ์ „๊ทน ๊ณ„๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ดํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ด‘์ „์†Œ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.Contents Abstract i Contents v List of Figures xi List of Tables xix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Perovskite Solar Cells 1 1.2 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 4 1.3 Stability Issues in Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices 6 1.3.1 Stability Issues in Perovskite Solar Cells 7 1.3.2 Stability Issues in Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 10 1.4 Outline of Thesis 13 Chapter 2 Experimental Methods 15 2.1 Materials 15 2.1.1 Perovskite Solar Cells 15 2.1.2 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 16 2.2 Device Fabrication Methods 16 2.2.1 Perovskite Solar Cells 16 2.2.2 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 17 2.3 Device Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cells 19 2.3.1 Solar Cell Performance Parameters 19 2.3.2 Current Densityโ€“Voltage Characteristics Measurement 22 2.3.3 Temperature Controlled Experiments 22 2.4 Device Characterization of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 23 2.4.1 Current-Voltage-Luminance Measurement 23 2.4.2 Efficiency Calculation Methods 25 2.5 Other Characterization Methods 26 2.5.1 UV-Visible Spectroscopy 26 2.5.2 Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy 26 2.5.3 Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy 26 2.5.4 Raman Spectra 27 2.5.5 X-ray Diffraction 27 2.5.6 Photoluminescence 27 2.5.7 Luminance Image 27 Chapter 3 Degradation Mechanism Analysis on Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via Restoration of the Ag Electrode 29 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Decay Trends of Photovoltaic Parameters 33 3.3 Direct Evidence of MAPbI3 Solar Cell Degradation 37 3.4 Temperature Analysis 39 3.4.1 Activation Energy by Restoring the Ag Electrode 40 3.4.2 VOC Disorder Model by Restoring the Ag Electrode 43 3.5 Degradation Mechanism: Structural Ordering of PCBM 47 3.6 Summary 50 Chapter 4 Degradation Mechanism Analysis on Inverted Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 51 4.1 Introduction 51 4.2 Sequential Deposition of Perovskite Films 54 4.2.1 Sequential Deposition Process 54 4.2.2 Morphology and Film Characteristics of Perovskite 55 4.3 Electroluminescence of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 62 4.3.1 PbBr2 Concentration Dependent Electroluminescence Characteristics 62 4.3.2 MABr Concentration Dependent Electroluminescence Characteristics 64 4.3.3 PVP Concentration Dependent Electroluminescence Characteristics 66 4.3.4 Perovskite Film Annealing Temperature Dependent Electroluminescence Characteristics 68 4.3.5 Electroluminescence of Optimized Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 70 4.4 Degradation of Electroluminescence 72 4.5 Direct Evidence of Light-Emitting Diodes 74 4.5.1 TOF-SIMS Analysis on the Degraded Device 74 4.5.2 Analysis on the Peeled-off Al Electrode 77 4.6 Operational Degradation Mechanism of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 80 4.7 Summary 81 Chapter 5 Conclusion 87 Bibliography 91 Publication 99 Abstract in Korean (ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์ดˆ๋ก) 103Docto

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