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    ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์œ„ํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ๋ชจ๊ฒฝํ™˜.This thesis explores the issues of girls political engagement in the teenager feminist Network WeTee from the viewpoint of civic education. Although teenagers political engagement has been an important topic in the field of civic education, previous research on the issue has several limitations, as it depicts teenagers as citizen-in-the-making or future citizens, and is based on gender-neutral perspectives. However, young girls of South Korea have politically participated in online and offline feminism discourse along with the popularization of feminism since 2015. Feminism has emerged as one of the most important political issues for girls, with the #SchoolMeToo movement and hashtag feminism on Twitter. However, previous literature based on gender-neutral perspectives could not explain such political engagement of girls. Girls political engagement cannot be explained solely by theoretical understandings of teenagers political participation or those on feminist politics. It is a complex issue, which requires questioning about problems such as girls political engagement being regarded as the activism of exceptional teenagers, and girls experiencing misogyny and backlash against feminism in their everyday life. Furthermore, factors like academic background, age, ways of speech, etc. that create differences between girls lead to different experiences of political engagement. Therefore, understanding the political engagement of girls cannot be done through a single lens of women or of teenagers but should take a more complex and entangled approach. Taking these limitations into account, I met the teenager feminist network WeTee, interested in the #SchoolMeToo movement in August 2019. For 14 months, including the preliminary research period, I have conducted ethnographical research with WeTee. The fieldwork process has revealed how girls political engagement cannot be accurately analyzed using the existing dichotomous framework that divides girls into passive/ active citizens. Therefore, this thesis rejects the deterministic approach and attempts to understand girls political engagement by applying agential realism, through the framework of spacetimemattering(Barad, 2007). This model allows us to understand how girls act and thus helps to focus on the dynamics of agency and becoming of teenage feminists. In order to stay intact with the field and intra-act in practice among research participants and data, this paper takes an onto-epistemological approach. The focus of this study is to examine the political engagement of girls who are in the teenager feminist network WeTee. The questions and findings of this research are as follows. First, how do the material, space-time, discourses intra-act in teenage feminists political engagement experiences? Dichotomous discourses around teenagers political engagement classify teenagers into passive/active citizens and regard girls simply as individual, autonomous, and volitional subjects. The examination on how teenage feminists intra-act among the online sphere, school, home, everyday life, and streets reveals that teenage feminists political engagement cannot be recognized as a complicated phenomenon without understandings of their intra-action. Based on agential realism, I aim to understand political engagement not as a result of a fixed role but as a phenomenon emerging from intra-action. Analyzing intra-action by spacetimemattering, it may be inferred that there are limitations to the essentialized perspective viewing teenage feminists agency as politically active citizens, and their agency should rather be viewed as a dynamic, intertwined, and complicated phenomenon. Second, how do girls become teenage feminists through political engagement experiences? Becoming is a material and discursive identification that is reconstructed and rearranged by intra-action of spacetimematterings. The ways participants become teenage feminists are changed throughout dynamic intra-action, and such process creates political change and constructs a new reality. Addressing hetero-normativity, ableism, and ageism, etc. prevailing in real life, teenage feminists of WeTee identify social and political boundaries. At the same time, they find out these boundaries are not fixed but flexible. Therefore, teenage feminists try to break down and transgress these boundaries, to reconstruct the zone of new ethical reality. Furthermore, teenage feminists reject the notion that teenage feminists or girls are homogeneous. They recognize the risks of identity politics and thus focus on the differences within the group not to perceive teenage feminists as fixed identities. Understanding the processes of becoming teenage feminists suggests that WeTee is a place with possibilities of dynamic changes. As outlined previously, new political realities are constructed when teenage feminists try to break down previous frameworks, based on the premise that reality changes. Third, how do teenage feminists maintain or resist boundaries which reconstruct politics? The research suggests that interpreting girls political engagement using the concept politics, which is mainly formed around non-teenager males, is highly limited and has risks of hasty generalization. Therefore, I critically examine how teenage feminists reconstruct politics by using the framework of agency(Barad, 2007). Everyday life and politics are not distinctively separated and teenage feminists, through their political actions, recognize what they feel as discrimination is not just a personal issue but a political one. They are aware of the stereotypes surrounding the concept of politics and try to reconstruct and expand the politics of teenage feminism. The findings of my study reveal a troubling yet crucial array of discrimination and injustices intra-acting in the lives of teenage feminists, which allows us to understand the complex political agency of members of WeTee. What made this finding possible was their continuous questioning, actions, and challenges against normative concepts such as politics, direct parties, and gender. Their political agency is a practice to deconstruct existing boundaries and reconstruct new reality by continuous intra-actions. Emphasizing the approach to girls political agency through intra-actions will be one of the ways to make alternative political engagement opportunities and spaces for teenage feminists.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์  ๋”ํ™”๋œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ํ˜น์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์˜จโ€ง์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜์ œ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์šด๋™์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์  ๋” ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„, ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์ •์น˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ธฐํŠนํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋‚˜ ์นญ์ฐฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ํƒœ๋„, ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ๋ž˜์‹œ(backlash), ์—ฌ์„ฑํ˜์˜ค, ์„ฑ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์–ต์••์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•™๋ ฅ, ๋‚˜์ด, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜น์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”, ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” 2019๋…„ 8์›”, ์Šค์ฟจ๋ฏธํˆฌ ์šด๋™์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์œ„ํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด 1๋…„ 2๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์œ„ํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์ /๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ• ์†์—์„œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„-์‹œ๊ฐ„-๋ฌผ์งˆํ™”(Barad, 2007) ์†์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰์œ„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ๋˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž, ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ ์†์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ (์กด์žฌ-์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ)์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ(intra-act)ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? (IV์žฅ) ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋™์ /๋Šฅ๋™์  ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ž์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜์ง€์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค(์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณต๋ก ์žฅ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ํ•™๊ตโ€ง๊ฐ€์ •โ€ง์ผ์ƒ ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์˜ ์ถœํ˜„, ์†Œ๋…€์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก , ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋“ฑ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด ์—†์ด๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ํ–‰์œ„์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก (agential realism)์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฉ๋œ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„-์‹œ๊ฐ„-๋ฌผ์งˆํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ์ด ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋ณธ์งˆํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์†์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€(becoming)? (V์žฅ) ๋˜๊ธฐ(becoming)๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ฒดํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ด๋ก ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ญ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์†์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด์„ฑ์• ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ฑ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜, ๋‚˜์ด์ฃผ์˜ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๋™์งˆํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์œ„ํ‹ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋ณ€๋ชจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊นจ๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌํš๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? (VI์žฅ) ๋น„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ข๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ํ‹€์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ Barad(2007)์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํšํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์€ ์ •์น˜์  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์˜์ œ์ž„์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋น„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์ •์น˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ–‰์œ„์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ์— ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰์œ„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ธ ๋˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์ /๋Šฅ๋™์  ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ž ํ–‰์œ„ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹, ์ œ๋„์ โ€ง๋ฒ•์  ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ์žฌํ˜„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์œ„ํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์  ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์  ์˜์—ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด์ž ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ก  ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์  ๋” ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ํ”ผํ•ด์ž, ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ƒ, ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž, ์ˆœ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์„น์‹œํ•œ ์†Œ๋…€๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋…€์ƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์  ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ๊ณต์  ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์  ์ธ์‹์€ ๋น„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณ ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ฑ์„ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ„ํ‹ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜, ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž, ์  ๋” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ฑ์— ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์š”์ปจ๋Œ€, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด์ž ๋˜๊ธฐ(becoming) ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ„ํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ •์น˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 5 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 7 1. ํ–‰์œ„์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก ์—์„œ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ 7 1) ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์ฐจ์„ฑ 7 2) ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–‰์œ„์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก  12 3) ํ–‰์œ„์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ 16 2. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ 18 1) ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ 19 2) ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์šด๋™ 23 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  29 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 33 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 33 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ : ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์กด์žฌ-์ธ์‹๋ก (Onto-epistemology) 33 2) ๋ฌธํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€ 36 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ • 38 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„์žฅ 38 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 41 3) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ 42 4) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 46 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 51 IV. ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„-์‹œ๊ฐ„-๋ฌผ์งˆํ™” 53 1. ๋ฌผ์งˆ: ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์ •์น˜ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ 54 1) '๊ต๋ณต ์น˜๋งˆ': "๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ"๊ณผ "์„ฑ์  ๋งค๋ ฅ"์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์†Œ๋…€ ์‚ฌ์ด 56 2) '์‹œํ—˜': "ํš์ผํ™”"์™€ ์ž…์‹œ์—์˜ "๋ชฐ์ž…" 64 3) '์ฝ˜๋”': "์™€์žฅ์ฐฝ ๊นจ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ" 70 2. ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„: '์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„' ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 83 1) ๊ฐœ์ธ: '์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ'๋กœ ์‚ด๊ธฐ 86 2) ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถœํ˜„: ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜ 98 3. ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ '์œ„ํ‹ฐ': ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์  ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ 111 1) ์žฅ์†Œ: "์ข‹์€ ๋‹ต๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •" 112 2) ๊ด€๊ณ„: ๊ณตํ†ต๊ฐ๊ฐ ์† ์ฐจ์ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ 118 V. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ '๋˜๊ธฐ' 124 1. ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ 125 1) ๊ตฌํš๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ 126 2) ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™” 136 3) ์žฌํ˜„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ฑ 141 2. ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ค„๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 155 3. ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ 162 1) ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค (์žฌ)๊ตฌ์„ฑ 165 2) ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ: "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •" 174 VI. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ '์ •์น˜'์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 179 1. ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋™๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 180 1) ์ œ๋„์  ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฐธ์ •๊ถŒ 182 2) ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์›: ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ '๋งํ• ' ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ 185 2. '์ •์น˜'์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 188 1) ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ "๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜" 190 2) ์ •์น˜์˜ ํ™•์žฅ: '๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ'๊ณผ '์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ'์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 198 3. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ 206 1) ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜: "๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •" 207 2) ์ •์น˜์  ํ–‰์œ„์„ฑ 213 4. ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ์ •์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ: '์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์ง€๋Œ€' 221 VII. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  228 1. ์š”์•ฝ 228 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  233 1) ํ•จ์˜ 233 2) ์ ์šฉ 235 3) ์ œ์–ธ 237 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 240 Abstract 256Maste

    Toxicity Test of Monascus pilosus Rice on Male SD Rats : A 90-day Feeding Study

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ๊ถŒํ›ˆ์ •.ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์›๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ์ƒ‰์†Œ, ํ–ฅ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์ด ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์‹ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๊ณผ ํ™๊ตญ์‹๋นต, ํ™๊ตญ๋ง‰๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ํ†ต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ์œก๋ณ‘, ํšก๋ฌธ๊ทผ์œตํ•ด์ฆ, ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์žฅ์• , ์œ„์žฅ ์žฅ์• , ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ปท SD ๋žซ๋“œ์— 90์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์„ ํ˜ผ์ดํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์— ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์„ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ๋žซ๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, AIN 93G ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๊ณผ ์˜์–‘ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ถ„์„ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. AIN 93G ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ถ„ ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฑ๋ฏธ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ €์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ 1:1์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์„ž์–ด ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6์ฃผ๋ น์˜ ๋žซ๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 90์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ €์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹์ดํšจ์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ฒด๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…์„ฑํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ 2๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ์—ฌํฌ ๊ณผํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋น„๋Œ€์ฆ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋…์„ฑ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ €ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ํŠนํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.Monascus pilosus rice is commonly used as colouring and flavouring for foods in East Asia. The Monascus pilosus rice has monacolin K known to lower blood lipids, and it is therefore used as a Health Functional Food in Korea. Though it is also used as a general food ingredient and in processed food such as bread and makgeolli (Korean traditional liquor), adverse events of Monascus pilosus rice have been reported by various regulatory agencies, which prompted us to conduct a 90-day feeding study to check the safety of Monascus pilosus rice as a general food ingredient. Six-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups according to their feeding treatments. Experimental feeds were prepared by replacing the corn starch of the AIN 93G with Monascus pilosus rice and/or white rice. Rats treated with Monascus pilosus rice showed lower body weight gain as accompanied by low food efficiency. There were no signs of toxicity in serum clinical chemistry, relative organ weights, or histopathology, while the cause of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the thyroid was inconclusive. These results suggest that Monascus pilosus rice shows very low toxic potential, if any, but prudent approaches are warranted for its expanded general use, especially in the younger population due to its growing inhibition.์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2์žฅ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 2.1. ์‹œ์•ฝ 5 2.2. ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž… 6 2.3. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ๋ถ„์„ 6 2.4. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‹Œ ๋ถ„์„ 7 2.5. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ 10 2.6. ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ 12 2.7. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 14 2.8. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 15 2.9. ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 16 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 17 3.1. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 17 3.2. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‹Œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 19 3.3. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 19 3.4. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฆ์ƒ 21 3.5. ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ 21 3.6. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 25 3.7. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ 28 3.8. ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 31 ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 34 ์ œ5์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  41 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 42 Abstract 50์„

    ์ž์›๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํ™•์žฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์ด์ˆ˜์˜.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ โ€ง๋ถ„์„์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํˆฌ์ž… ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์‹์ ์ด๋ผ ์ „์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ๋ฐ”, ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์–ด์˜จ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดโ€ง๊ฒ€์ฆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ๋„“ํ˜€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€(blind spots)๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ชจํ˜• ์—†์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ž์›์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ทŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋‹จํŽธ์  ์ดํ•ด์— ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž์›๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์š”์†Œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›(์˜ˆ: ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›, ์ธ์  ์ž์›)์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ž์›์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ž์›์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ์ž์›์˜ ์งˆ์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์—๋„, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–‘์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์น˜์ค‘๋˜์–ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ๋…ผ์˜์— ๊ทธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋‚ดโ€ง์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธก์ •์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น ๋นˆ๋„ ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์ถœ์‹  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธก์ •์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด์ฐŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ž์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์—๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์—๋„ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ž์›์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ข€ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ 2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์› ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„์™€ ๋‹จ์œ„์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‘ ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 53๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ค‘ 32๊ฐœ(60.4%) ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜(๊ณ ์ž์›โ€ง๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ, ์ €์ž์›โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ), 21๊ฐœ(39.6%) ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋‘˜์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ ค ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(๊ณ ์ž์›โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ, ์ €์ž์›โ€ง๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ). ์ž์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์—๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์—๋„ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š” ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์™ธ์— ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์›๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ž์›์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„ํ˜• ์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์—ฌ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›(์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›, ์ธ์  ์ž์›)์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์งˆ, ๊ถŒ์œ„ํ˜• ์ž์›(๋ฒ•์  ์ž์›, ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์›), ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰(๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ), ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰(์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ)์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 8๋…„๊ฐ„ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด 43๊ฐœ ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒจ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ(N=43, n=274)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•, ์ฐจ๋ถ„์ ๋ฅ ๋ฒ•, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ ๋ฅ ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋™ํƒœ์  ํŒจ๋„๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์ค‘ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญํšŒ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋‚ดโ€ง์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ž์› ํš๋“๊ณผ ์šด์šฉ์— ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ์œ„ํ˜• ์ž์›์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ž์›๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ก ์„ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์น˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง ํŠน์œ ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ถŒ์œ„ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋‚ดโ€ง์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ๋ช…์ œ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€?(Does management matter?)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธก์ •์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€(์ €์ž์›โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ, ๊ณ ์ž์›โ€ง๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ)๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€(์ €์ž์›โ€ง๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ, ๊ณ ์ž์›โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ)์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋’ค, ์ œ4์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋งŒ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ง€์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋งŒ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๋งค๋ชฐ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์šด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ๋Œ€๋‚˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ์„ ์žก์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์› ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋ฐ ๋‚ดโ€ง์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•™์ˆ  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ โ€ง๋ถ„์„์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ โ€ง๋ถ„์„์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง ํŠน์œ ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ถŒ์œ„ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ดโ€ง์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์›๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์–ด์˜จ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดโ€ง๊ฒ€์ฆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ๋„“ํ˜€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.This study aimed to provide conceptual and analytical foundation for developing academic discussions on organizational resources and supporting empirical research by suggesting a comprehensive model on organizational resources and performance and discovering various measurement tools. Organizational resources are considered essential to achieve organizational performance as an input element of the traditional performance equation, but these are not often the focus of research. The low academic interest in organizational resources may be because it is natural and common sense that performance improves when the quantity of resources is substantial; hence, curious or interesting questions have not been raised. However, there are important research issues that have not yet been addressed to treat organizational resources as simply one of the control variables of organizational performance and to avoid academic discussions. It is necessary to enhance academic understanding of organizational resources and expand the horizon of research by discovering and verifying unusual organizational resource issues that have been overlooked. Therefore, this study conducted an empirical analysis by exploring the deficiencies in the existing organizational resource research and deriving research problems that can supplement them. The limitations of the existing studies that this study focuses on are as follows. First, without a comprehensive model of organizational resources, only some resources are discussed in an excerpt according to the focus of individual research, so it often becomes a fragmentary understanding. Second, by applying the resource-based theory developed in the context of existing private organizations, the unique characteristics of public organizations are not sufficiently considered as it analyzes the relationship with organizational performance centered on input resources of production factors (e.g., financial resources, human resources). Third, despite the importance of not only how much resources they have but also the quality of resources they have to improve organizational performance, existing organizational resource research has a limitation since it focuses on the quantitative aspect and only on the surface. Fourth, existing measurement tools for internal and external management often focus on management efforts such as the introduction of a specific management system and the frequency of networking or reflect potential management capabilities such as the background of the top-level manager. In other words, beyond efforts or possibilities for management, it is necessary to find measurement tools that can reflect the practical quality of management and how well it is being done to achieve the organizations goals. Finally, existing organizational resource studies have focused on reaffirming the common-sense relationship that large amounts of resources will improve organizational performance, but more curious and interesting questions about the relationship between organizational resources and organizational performance can arise from exceptional cases. Contrary to popular expectations, if there are exceptional institutions that perform well despite lack of resources or underperforming resources, it is necessary to bridge the gap in discussion through more interesting and irregular research questions about why and what types of resources or management are important to their organizational performance. Based on these ideas, three empirical analyses were conducted to compensate for the limitations of existing studies, and the analysis results are as follows. In the first study, before analyzing the relationship between organizational resources and organizational performance in earnest, the status of organizational resources and organizational performance of central administrative agencies was examined using data from 2011 to 2020. By deriving an input-type resource index combining budget and manpower size and an organizational performance index combining program goal achievement and unit project goal achievement, institutions with abundant input-type resources, insufficient institutions, and poor organizational performance were classified based on the average of the two indexes. Of the total 53 institutions, 32 institutions (60.4%) showed the same relative distribution of organizational resources and organizational performance (high resourceโ€งhigh performance, low resourceโ€งlow performance), and 21 institutions (39.6%) showed different relative distributions (high resourceโ€งlow performance, low resourceโ€งhigh performance). The significant proportion of exceptional institutions that achieve excellent performance despite lack of resources or poor performance despite abundance of resources is inconsistent with general expectations, and no significant correlation was found between the organizational resource index and the organizational performance index. This indicates the possibility that the quantity of input resources is not very important in determining the performance of a central administrative agency, or that there are factors that play a more important role in organizational performance in addition to the quantity of input resources. In other words, it suggests that there is a need to discuss organizational resources beyond the quantitative aspect. The second and third studies expanded the scope of the existing discussion by focusing on the quantitative aspect of input resources to present a more comprehensive research model on organizational resources and organizational performance, and explored which key resources play a particularly important role in the organizational performance of exceptional institutions with mixed distributions of resources and performance. In the second study, a comprehensive research model considering public organizations' authoritative resources, the quality of organizational resources and management was presented, and related measurement tools were discovered to analyze the effects of input resources (financial resources, human resources), authoritative resources (legal resources, political resources), internal management capabilities (internal network, internal management quality), and external management capabilities (external network, external management quality) on organizational performance. Panel data (N=43, n=274) were constructed for a total of 43 central administrative agencies that existed for 8 years from 2013 to 2020 to estimate dynamic panel models. According to the generalized method of moments (GMM) analyses, among organizational resources, the size of the budget reflecting the amount of financial resources and the support of the National Assembly as a political resource had a significant positive (+) effect on organizational performance. Among management variables, internal network, the quality of internal management, and the quality of external management for the president had a significant positive (+) effect on organizational performance. This shows that to improve the performance of the institution, it is important how much input resources are held, but internal management may be more important to how effectively it is operated. Furthermore, it indicates the importance of external management, how much authoritative resources they have that justify the acquisition and operation of institutions' resources, and how effectively they are securing them from the external environment. This study is meaningful in the following aspects. By applying the resource-based theory to the context of public organizations that are tied to external political and environmental influences, we found the importance of authoritative resources as a core resource unique to these organizations that is distinguished from private organizations. By confirming the positive effect of internal and external management on organizational performance, empirical evidence was provided for an enduring proposition in the field of public management, "Does management matter?" A new measurement tool that can reflect the quality of management was discovered. In the third study, general institutions (low resourcesโ€งlow performance, high resourcesโ€งhigh performance) with consistent relative distribution between input resources and organizational performance were distinguished from exceptional institutions (low resourcesโ€งhigh performance, high resourcesโ€งhigh performance). Then, the research model and analysis method in Chapter 4 were applied to analyze the effect of various organizational resources and management on the organizational performance of general and exceptional institutions. As a result of the analysis, internal management variables such as internal network and internal management capabilities had a significant positive (+) effect on organizational performance only in general institutions, and external management variables such as presidential network and presidential support management capabilities. In other words, internal management and external management are crucial factors that play an important role in the organizational performance of general institutions and exceptional institutions, respectively. Therefore, rather than being buried in competition to secure additional budget or manpower, the general institution's performance improvement strategy should be aimed at securing management capabilities by improving the internal management system so that the institution can effectively operate its resources. Moreover, based on the internal network, it is necessary to improve the management skills of top-level managers so that ties or relationship strengths with members can help internal management. On the other hand, the exceptional institution's performance improvement strategy should increase resource accessibility to achieve the organization's goals based on the external network of top-level managers. In addition to securing this networking effort or possibility of access, the focus should be on securing the quality of external management so that institutions can draw support from the external environment. This study is meaningful as it provided a conceptual and analytical foundation to develop related academic discussions and support empirical research by presenting a comprehensive research model on organizational resources and organizational performance and discovering various measuring tools for organizational resources and internal and external management. Additionally, it is meaningful to apply this conceptual and analytical foundation to discover the importance of authoritative resources as a core resource unique to public organizations, confirm the positive impact of internal and external management on organizational performance, and validate that exceptional institutions with different directions of resources and performance have proved that external management plays a key role in organizational performance, unlike general institutions. It is hoped that this study will provide a starting point for expanding the horizon of organizational resource research by discovering and verifying unusual organizational resource issues that have been overlooked.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  4 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 6 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 11 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 11 1. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 11 1) ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ด€์  11 2) ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 13 3) ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 15 2. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 19 3. ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜ 25 1) ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜ 25 2) ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜ 27 3) ์ •์น˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜ 28 4) ํ–‰์ •ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜ 30 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 33 1. ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 33 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 35 1) ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 35 2) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋… 38 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 40 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ํ† ๋Œ€: ์ž์›๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ก  40 1) ์ž์›๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ก  40 2) ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง์—์˜ ์ž์›๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ก  ์ ์šฉ 41 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  44 1) ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 44 2) ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 52 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€ 56 1. ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๊ฐœ๋… 56 1) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๊ฐœ๋… 56 2) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์œ ํ˜• 58 2. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€ 60 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 64 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 64 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 65 1. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ์ธก์ • 65 1) ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›์˜ ์ธก์ • 65 2) ์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ์ธก์ • 67 2. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 68 1) ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 68 2) ์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 71 3) ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 74 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 84 1. ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ธก์ • 84 2. ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 86 1) ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 86 2) ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท  ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ • 89 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 92 1. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 92 2. ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ 96 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 98 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ: ์งˆ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 101 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 101 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 103 1. ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 103 1) ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 103 2) ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 106 2. ๊ถŒ์œ„ํ˜• ์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 110 3. ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 114 1) ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 115 2) ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ 116 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 120 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 120 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 122 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธก์ • 123 1) ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐœํŽธ ์‹œ ์ „โ€งํ›„์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 123 2) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 124 3) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 127 4) ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 139 4. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 144 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 145 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 145 2. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 152 3. ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 157 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 175 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ: ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์ธ ํƒ์ƒ‰ 179 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 179 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 180 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ โ€ง์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์ธ ์ฐจ์ด ํƒ์ƒ‰ 188 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์ธ 188 2. ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์ธ 190 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 191 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 192 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 192 2. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 195 3. ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 198 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 211 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  213 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 213 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  215 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ์˜์˜ 215 2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์˜์˜ 216 3. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์˜์˜ 216 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ์–ธ 218 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 221 ๋ถ€๋ก 267 [๋ถ€๋ก 1] ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ์™ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์œ  267 [๋ถ€๋ก 2] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ถ”์„ธ 268 [๋ถ€๋ก 3] ์ „โ€งํ›„์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‹œ ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 270 Abstract 277 ํ‘œ ์ฐจ๋ก€ [ํ‘œ 1-1] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  6 [ํ‘œ 2-1] ์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ด€์  11 [ํ‘œ 2-2] ์ž์›๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 17 [ํ‘œ 2-3] ์กฐ์ง์ž์›์˜ ์œ ํ˜•: ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  23 [ํ‘œ 2-4] ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ดˆ์  32 [ํ‘œ 2-5] ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์› ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 37 [ํ‘œ 2-6] ๊ณต๊ณต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 50 [ํ‘œ 2-7] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ž์› ์œ ํ˜• 58 [ํ‘œ 3-1] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›(2011~2020) 69 [ํ‘œ 3-2] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์ธ์  ์ž์›(2011~2020) 72 [ํ‘œ 3-3] ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›๊ณผ ์ธ์  ์ž์› ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 77 [ํ‘œ 3-4] ์Œ๋Œ€๋น„๊ต ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ 79 [ํ‘œ 3-5] ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›๊ณผ ์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ์Œ๋Œ€๋น„๊ต ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 80 [ํ‘œ 3-6] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์› ์ง€์ˆ˜ 82 [ํ‘œ 3-7] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ(2011~2020) 87 [ํ‘œ 3-8] ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 95 [ํ‘œ 4-1] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 122 [ํ‘œ 4-2] ์ง์ข…๋ณ„ ์ƒ์œ„์ง ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 131 [ํ‘œ 4-3] ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์›์ฒœ 141 [ํ‘œ 4-4] ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 152 [ํ‘œ 4-5] ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 156 [ํ‘œ 4-6] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„) 160 [ํ‘œ 4-7] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: difference GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„) 161 [ํ‘œ 4-8] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: system GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„) 162 [ํ‘œ 4-9] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ) 164 [ํ‘œ 4-10] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: difference GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ) 165 [ํ‘œ 4-11] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: system GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ) 166 [ํ‘œ 4-12] ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 174 [ํ‘œ 5-1] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์› ์ง€์ˆ˜ 181 [ํ‘œ 5-2] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์ˆ˜ 183 [ํ‘œ 5-3] ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 187 [ํ‘œ 5-4] ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 194 [ํ‘œ 5-5] ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 197 [ํ‘œ 5-6] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•(์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€) 201 [ํ‘œ 5-7] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: difference GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€) 202 [ํ‘œ 5-8] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: system GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€) 203 [ํ‘œ 5-9] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•(์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€) 204 [ํ‘œ 5-10] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: difference GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€) 205 [ํ‘œ 5-11] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: system GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€) 206 [ํ‘œ 5-12] ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 210 [ํ‘œ A-1] ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ์™ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์œ  267 [ํ‘œ A-2a] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„ ์ถ”์„ธ 268 [ํ‘œ A-2b] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ถ”์„ธ 269 [ํ‘œ A-3a] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„) 270 [ํ‘œ A-3b] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: difference GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„) 271 [ํ‘œ A-3c] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: system GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„) 272 [ํ‘œ A-3d] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ) 273 [ํ‘œ A-3e] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: difference GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ) 274 [ํ‘œ A-3f] ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: system GMM ๋ชจํ˜•(DV=์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ) 275 [ํ‘œ A-3g] ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 276 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์ฐจ๋ก€ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-1] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€ 63 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-1] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์› ๋ถ„ํฌ(2011~2020) 71 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-2] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์ธ์  ์ž์› ๋ถ„ํฌ(2011~2020) 74 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-3] ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›๊ณผ ์ธ์  ์ž์› ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 75 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-4] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์› ์ง€์ˆ˜(2011~2020) 84 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-5] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์ˆ˜(2011~2020) 89 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-6] ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท ํŽธ์ฐจ 92 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-7] ์กฐ์ง์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 96 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-1] ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 145 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-2] ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 146 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-3] ์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 147 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-4] ๋ฒ•์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 148 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-5] ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 149 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-6] ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 150 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-7] ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 151 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-1] ํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์ž์›๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 186๋ฐ•

    ์ด๋ฆฌ๋“ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธ๊ด‘ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์€ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์šฉ ๋“€์–ผ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 2. ํ™์ข…์ธ.Mercury, one of the most prevalent toxic metal elements, poses severe risks for human health and environment. Thus, various molecular probes have been developed for the colorimetric and fluorometric detection of mercury. Nevertheless, it is still urgent to develop a cost effective, rapid, selective and sensitive probe for the detection of mercury(II) ion. In this study, we designed several Ir(III) complexโ€“based phosphorescence and electrochemiluminescence dual mode chemodosimeters, which possess phenylpyridine (ppy) or phenylisoquinoline (piq) as main ligands and acetylacetone as ancillary ligands in common for the selective detection of mercury(II) ion. Acetylacetonate ancillary ligand of probe 1 reacted with mercury(II) ion selectively, inducing phosphorescence enhancement with concomitant blue shift of the emission spectra. Meanwhile, mercury(II) ion selectively quenched the phosphorescence of probe 2. In addition, we proposed a twoโ€“step sensing mechanism through the comparison of NMR spectra of the probes in the absence and presence of mercury(II) ion. Mass analysis and crystallographic determination further supported that acetylacetonate readily reacts with mercury(II) ion, followed by the dissociation of mercuryโ€“acetylacetone from Ir(III) complex. These probes further showed selective electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) responses, quenching upon the addition of mercury(II) ion. ECL based chemosensors have been widely studied for their several advantages, such as the possibility of being a powerful candidate for pointโ€“ofโ€“care (POC) detection, high sensitivity and simple analytical process. Moreover, probe 9 showed the best ECL property with a good linear correlation between 0 and 40 ฮผM of mercury(II) ion with a low limit of detection (LOD) as 170 pM.A. Background 1 A.1. The Fundamentals of Fluorescence Sensors 1 A.2. Principles of Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) 5 A.3. Mercury(II) Ion Sensors 7 A.4. Excited State Photophysics of Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes 10 B. Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexbased Chemodosimeters for Mercury(II) Ion 12 B.1. Photoluminescencebased Probes 12 B.1.1. Introduction 12 B.1.2. Results and Discussion 13 B.1.3. Conclusion 22 B.1.4. Experimental Section 23 B.1.5. Supporting Information 28 B.2. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Probes 31 B.2.1. Results and Discussion 31 B.2.2. Conclusion 36 B.2.3. Experimental Section 37 References 40 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 43Maste

    ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ด์ˆ˜์˜.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ชฐ์ž… ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ(high commitment human resource management: HCHRM)์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ด๋ก (self-efficacy theoryBandura 1982)๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ตํ™˜์ด๋ก (social exchange theoryBlau 1964)์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰, ์Šน์ง„, ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ, ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ(๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ, ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ง€์ โ€ง์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ ธ ์˜จ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ง๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ๋ณ„ ๋งž์ถค์‹ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹ ํ•˜์— ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งโ€ง๊ฐ„์ ‘๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ(๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ, ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ „๊ตญ์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ง ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ง ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ 2011๋…„ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 1,500๋ช…์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์‘๋‹ต์ž ์ค‘ ๊ฒฐ์ธก์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 458๋ช…์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ด 1,042๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ด์ต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน์ง„๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ธ์ •๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์›๋ณด๋‹ค ์กด์ค‘๊ณผ ์ธ์ •, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€์›์ด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ™˜์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ตํ™˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ์ง€์›๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€์› ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณต๋  ๋•Œ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์Šน์ง„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์Šน์ง„์ œ๋„์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์Šน์ง„์ ์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์Šน์ง„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งโ€ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ ๊ณ , ์Šน์ง„ ์‹คํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์Šน์ง„์ด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šน์ง„๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ฒด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ด๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์Šน์ง„ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ์ง€์›์— ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ(๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ทจ์ง€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ ค ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์ด ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ง๋ฌดํƒœ๋„๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๊ณ (์กฐ์œค์ง ์™ธ 2014: 280), ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘โ€ง์ €์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœํœ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์œ ๋…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋™์ผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•ํŽธ์˜(common method bias)์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ” ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ฒœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํšก๋‹จ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋‚ด์ƒ์„ฑ(endogeneity)์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒจ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ, ์ฆ‰ ์กฐ์ง์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ (Delery & Doty 1996: 808) ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์† ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋จ์—๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์†Œ์† ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ์† ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์† ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ง์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—„๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 2 1) ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 3 2) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ถ• 4 3) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 4 4) ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ๋ณ„ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋งž์ถค์‹ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋„์ถœ 4 5) ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ํŽธ์ค‘ 5 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 6 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ 7 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  7 1. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 8 2. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 11 3. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 12 1) ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 13 2) ์ง๋ฌด์  ํŠน์„ฑ 14 3) ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ 15 4) ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ(์ž‘์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜) 17 5) ์กฐ์ง์  ํŠน์„ฑ 18 4. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 19 1) ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ธ์ง€์ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 19 2) ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 19 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  20 1. ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 20 1) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 20 2) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•: AMO ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 22 2. ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ : ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ตํ™˜์ด๋ก ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 23 1) ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ตํ™˜์ด๋ก  24 2) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ: ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ตํ™˜์ด๋ก ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 25 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 27 1) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ์ค‘ 27 2) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 27 3) ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ๋ณ„ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋งž์ถค์‹ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋„์ถœ 28 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  29 1. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 29 2. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ: ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 30 1) ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ด๋ก  31 2) ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ: ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 33 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 35 1) ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ํŽธ์ค‘ 35 2) ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 35 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 37 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • 37 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • 37 1) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 37 2) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 39 3) ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 41 4) ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 42 5) ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด: ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 43 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 47 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 48 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก์ • 50 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 50 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ 51 3. ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 51 4. ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ตฐ 52 5. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 53 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 56 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 57 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 57 1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท ์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„ 57 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ 62 3. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 63 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ธก์ •๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„์„ 65 1. ์ธก์ •๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ 66 2. ์ธก์ •๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ 67 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„์„ 70 1. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ 71 2. ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ : ๊ฐ€์„ค1~๊ฐ€์„ค3์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 72 1) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 72 2) ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 73 3) ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 74 3. ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ : ๊ฐ€์„ค4์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 76 4. ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ : ๊ฐ€์„ค5์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 80 1) ์ธก์ •๋™์ผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•์ธ 80 2) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•์ธ 83 3) ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„: ๊ฐ€์„ค 5์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 86 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  94 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  94 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 97 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 97 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 100 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 102 Abstract 125Maste

    Fabrication of micro/nano hole structures using wet-chemical etching method

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    ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ/๋‚˜๋…ธ hole์€ ๋น› ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ์™€์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ LED, OLED, ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์† ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œ„์— ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋ชฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šต์‹ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‹๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ/๋‚˜๋…ธ hole์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Si(100)์™€ GaAs(100) ๊ธฐํŒ์— ๋‚˜๋…ธ hole์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ, KOH ์šฉ์•ก๊ณผ H2SO4, H2O2, H2O์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์šฉ์•ก์„ etchant๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Etchant ์šฉ์•ก ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋†๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ Si๊ณผ KOH ์šฉ์•ก(20%)์€ 90โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  GaAs์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์šฉ์•ก์€ H2SO4, H2O2, H2O์™€ 1:5:5์˜ ๋น„์œจ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” etchant ์šฉ์•ก์ด ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ hole์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ SEM ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ์•ก์˜ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—์นญ์œจ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ/๋‚˜๋…ธ hole์€ Au, Pt, Ag, Cu ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ hole์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‘์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.|Micro/nano holes have unique physical properties through the combination of light or other elements. In particular, it can be widely used for increasing the efficiency of devices such as LED, OLED and solar cell. Also it can be applied to various aspects using plasmon formation on the metal surface. In the present experiments, we formed a large amount of micro/nano holes through the wet-chemical etching method inexpensively. We used Si(100) and GaAs(100) materials as substrates and KOH solution and mixed solution of H2SO4, H2O2 and H2O as etchant. Etchant solution and materials were affected by temperature and concentration. Si reacted with KOH solution(20%) at 90โ„ƒ. And GaAs reacted most property under mixed solution of H2SO4, H2O2 and H2O having a ratio of 1:5:5 at room temperature. We analysed the principle of the etching of solution and materials, and investigated the etching rate according to temperature and concentration of solution by field-emission SEM. The completed micro/nano holes can be finely adjusted by depositing metal such as Au, Pt, Ag and Cu on the holes, and it could be applied in various devices.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ List of Tables โ…ณ List of Figures โ…ด Abstract โ…ถ 1. ์„œ ๋ก  1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 1.2 ๊ธˆ์† ๋‚˜๋…ธ hole 12 1.3 ๋‚˜๋…ธ hole ์ œ์ž‘์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  16 1.4 ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  17 2. ์ด ๋ก  2.1 Si์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 18 2.2 GaAs์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 21 2.3 ์Šต์‹ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‹๊ฐ 23 2.4 ๊ฑด์‹ ์‹๊ฐ 26 2.5 ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ๋น„ 2.5.1 Sputter 28 2.5.2 Lapping machine 32 2.6 ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„ 2.6.1 FE-SEM 35 3. ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3.1 Si(100)์˜ ์Šต์‹ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‹๊ฐ 38 3.2 GaAs(100)์˜ ์Šต์‹ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‹๊ฐ 44 4. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4.1 Si(100)์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ/๋‚˜๋…ธ hole ๊ตฌ์กฐ 49 4.1.1 FE-SEM ์ธก์ • 50 4.1.2 ์›์ž๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„ 54 4.2 GaAs(100)์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ/๋‚˜๋…ธ hole ๊ตฌ์กฐ 57 4.2.1 FE-SEM ์ธก์ • 57 4.2.2 ์›์ž๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„ 59 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  61 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 63Maste

    Body fluid MMP-2 as a putative biomarker in metastatic breast cancer

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    In the present study, we investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 as novel biomarkers in the body fluid of patients with metastatic breast cancer. We measured the expression of MMPs in 37 samples of body fluid (10 peritoneal and 27 pleural fluids) from metastatic breast cancer patients between 2000 and 2009. Zymography and ELISA assays were used to determine the cut-off level and to quantify MMP expression from a positive control, HT-1080 conditioned media. MMP expression in patient samples was measured with ELISA and compared with other clinical parameters. Ascitic carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and pleural CEA were measured in patient samples with a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Body fluid cytology had a positivity of 45% (9/20) for pleural fluid and 28.6% (2/7) for ascites. However, MMP-2 had a positivity of 85.2% (23/27) in 27 pleural fluid samples and 100% (10/10) in ascitic fluid with cut-off levels of 8.6 and 0.14 ng/ml for MMP-2 and -9, respectively. When body fluid CEA and MMP-2 were combined, the positivity improved to 96% in pleural fluid and 100% in ascites. MMP-2 expression in body fluid did not show any significant differences, but MMP-9 expression was lower in ascites than in pleural fluids (p<0.005). Our results suggest that MMP-2 expression in body fluid be used as an additive diagnostic marker for metastatic breast cancer patients.ope

    Weekly gemcitabine and docetaxel in refractory soft tissue sarcoma: a retrospective analysis.

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    PURPOSE: The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel (GD) is used to effectively treat patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). It is widely considered that the conventional doses used are too high for long term use and many patients must discontinue GD treatment due to its toxicity. Therefore, to determine the appropriate dose meeting acceptable efficacy results, while minimizing toxic side effects, we treated patients with a weekly infusion of GD (weekly GD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 patients presenting a variety of STSs were treated at Yonsei Cancer Center. All patients had metastatic or recurrent cancer and had previously received doxorubicin and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy. In all cases, gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2)) and docetaxel (35 mg/m(2)) were administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of these patients. RESULTS: The response rate was 4.5%, with one patient diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma having a partial response, and the disease control rate was 40.9%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) duration was 2.7 months and the PFS was correlated with the treatment response to a weekly GD. The median overall survival (OS) duration was 7.8 months and the OS was correlated with histology. There was no significant difference in OS between patients who received weekly GD as a 2nd line chemotherapy and those who received 3rd line or more. Treatment was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Weekly GD was well tolerated and showed moderate efficacy, indicating that this could be a reasonable option as a salvage treatment for metastatic STS.ope

    Space expasion of the theatre using the video : focusing on Robert Lapage's The Seven Streams of the River Ota

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ณต์—ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2011.2. ์ž„ํ•œ์ˆœ.Maste

    Toxicity Test of Monascus pilosus Rice on Male SD Rats : A 90-day Feeding Study

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    ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์›๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ์ƒ‰์†Œ, ํ–ฅ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์ด ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์‹ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๊ณผ ํ™๊ตญ์‹๋นต, ํ™๊ตญ๋ง‰๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ํ†ต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ์œก๋ณ‘, ํšก๋ฌธ๊ทผ์œตํ•ด์ฆ, ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์žฅ์• , ์œ„์žฅ ์žฅ์• , ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ปท SD ๋žซ๋“œ์— 90์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์„ ํ˜ผ์ดํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์— ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์„ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ๋žซ๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, AIN 93G ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๊ณผ ์˜์–‘ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ถ„์„ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. AIN 93G ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ถ„ ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฑ๋ฏธ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ €์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ 1:1์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์„ž์–ด ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6์ฃผ๋ น์˜ ๋žซ๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 90์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ €์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹์ดํšจ์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ฒด๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…์„ฑํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ 2๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ์—ฌํฌ ๊ณผํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋น„๋Œ€์ฆ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™๊ตญ์Œ€์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋…์„ฑ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ €ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ํŠนํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.Monascus pilosus rice is commonly used as colouring and flavouring for foods in East Asia. The Monascus pilosus rice has monacolin K known to lower blood lipids, and it is therefore used as a Health Functional Food in Korea. Though it is also used as a general food ingredient and in processed food such as bread and makgeolli (Korean traditional liquor), adverse events of Monascus pilosus rice have been reported by various regulatory agencies, which prompted us to conduct a 90-day feeding study to check the safety of Monascus pilosus rice as a general food ingredient. Six-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups according to their feeding treatments. Experimental feeds were prepared by replacing the corn starch of the AIN 93G with Monascus pilosus rice and/or white rice. Rats treated with Monascus pilosus rice showed lower body weight gain as accompanied by low food efficiency. There were no signs of toxicity in serum clinical chemistry, relative organ weights, or histopathology, while the cause of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the thyroid was inconclusive. These results suggest that Monascus pilosus rice shows very low toxic potential, if any, but prudent approaches are warranted for its expanded general use, especially in the younger population due to its growing inhibition.์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2์žฅ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 2.1. ์‹œ์•ฝ 5 2.2. ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž… 6 2.3. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ๋ถ„์„ 6 2.4. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‹Œ ๋ถ„์„ 7 2.5. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ 10 2.6. ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ 12 2.7. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 14 2.8. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 15 2.9. ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 16 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 17 3.1. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 17 3.2. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‹Œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 19 3.3. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 19 3.4. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฆ์ƒ 21 3.5. ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ 21 3.6. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 25 3.7. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ 28 3.8. ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 31 ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 34 ์ œ5์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  41 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 42 Abstract 50์„
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