A Study on Peaceful Prosperity and Stabilization of Korean Peninsula through Economic Cooperation between South and North Korea : Primarily on Shipping Cooperation

Nowadays, globalization to stand for free market economy order has been rapidly progressing in the world, and each country is devoting her efforts to maximize her economic profits. In that regard, it is desired that interdependence & cooperation and security & peace be steadily kept in the world via mutual compromise and reconciliation. Faced with such a transition period, the South and North have to promote the following two important assignments preponderantly for the purpose of converting conflict and tension among them for the time being to reconciling and cooperating relation and aiming at unification in the long term. First, we are to promote the policy for peace and prosperity to build up the basis of the Korean Peninsula's security and the South & North's peaceful unification, Second, we are to enhance the South and North's economic cooperation. The said two assignments are not independent from each other but closely correlated. In particular, exchange & cooperation between the South and North has a great meaning in aiming at the balanced development and peaceful unification through the South and North's mutual cooperation at the same time of settling the North's economic crisis. The South and North's economic cooperation has been activated with the summit meeting in June, 2000 last, but the result is, in actuality, far under our expectation for it. Therefore, this study is to grope for a more positive plan for activating the South and North's economic cooperation, and the purpose of this study is as follows. First, promoting the present government's policy for peace and prosperity and analysing the result. Second, analysing the actual situation of the South and North's economic cooperation and the plan for its expanding & developing. Third, analysing a plan for building up a South-North marine cooperation system. In order to fulfil the purpose of this study, literature survey and In-depth interview was carried out. First of all, the present government's unification policy related with the promoting background, concept, object & principle of the policy for peace and prosperity was reviewed. The actual conditions of the South and North's economic cooperation project and South-North marine exchange & cooperation was analyzed to draw a plan of expanding & developing South-North's economic cooperation. And an activation plan was made out. The result of this study are summarized as followsFirst, the policy for peace and prosperity set up its two objectives of 'the Korean Peninsula's peace promotion' and 'realizing the South and North's community prosperity. 'The Korean Peninsula's peace promotion' is aimed for promoting the actual cooperation between the South and North on the basis of settling the pending security problems with the North's nuclear problem and converting unstable cease-fire system through building up military reliance. Second, the South and North's great 3 economic cooperation projects including railway·road connecting construction, Gaesung industrial center construction project and Geumgangsan tour project are steadily promoted, and expanding these great 3 projects invites the contact with other fields, thereby enabling the North to get over its pending economic difficulties and designing a good plan for getting their citizens's life in stability. Third, the South and North put its 4 economic cooperation agreements such as double tax avoidance agreement, firm dispute settlement, investment guarantee and liquidation settlement into effect as of Aug. 20, 2003, and 'the 9th the South and North Economic Cooperation Promotion Committee' made its signature on & exchanged the South and North Marine Agreement on June 05, 2004. Finally, the main assignment to promote in short term for activating the South-North exchange is as follows. In the marine field, To set up the R&D plan for the North's harbor is strongly needed, And, the plan for the North concerns's visiting the South & mutual cooperation is to be discussed. The Seminars for the South and North joint coastal marine development is to be held. The South and North's concerned parties need to share with the principal knowledge of the object and expectation effect of the South and North marine cooperation. In conclusion, expansion of the South-North exchange is to be the means to anchor down security and peace & prosperity in the South and North. In this regard, economic cooperation between the South and North is not only the means to tie up the South and North to one unity but also the driving force for their unification. The more frequent and diversified are economic exchange and cooperation between the South and North, the less is heterogeneousness between them, thereby enabling them to relax their mutual tension and recover our national homogeneity. Conclusively, economic exchange & cooperation between the South and North is to draw the North's change, that is, its opening and reformation, which serves a stepping-stone to settle down peace in this Korean Peninsula and, further, leads to its peaceful unification.Abstract v 제1장 서 론 1 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 제2절 연구의 방법 및 구성 2 제2장 한반도 평화번영정책의 주요내용 및 성과 4 제1절 평화번영정책의 내용 4 1. 개념 및 추진배경 4 2. 목표 및 추진원칙 5 3. 추진전략 7 4. 특징 및 의의 9 제2절 평화번영정책의 성과 10 1. 북한 핵문제의 평화적 해결 여건조성 10 2. 남북관계의 진전과 북한의 변화 11 제3장 남북 경제 및 해운협력 현황 13 제1절 남북 경제협력사업 13 1. 경제협력사업 추진현황 13 2. 경의선ㆍ동해선 철도ㆍ도로 연결 17 3. 개성공단 개발사업 20 4. 금강산 관광사업 활성화 24 5. 대북 식량차관 제공 26 제2절 남북교류협력 기반조성 29 1. 남북간 물자교역 29 2. 위탁가공교역 34 3. 남북경협합의서 36 제3절 남북 해운 현황 39 1. 남북 해상운송 현황 39 2. 남북 해상운송의 문제점 43 제4절 남북해운합의서 서명·교환 48 1. 해운합의서 서명의 의의 48 2. 해운합의서 주요내용 49 3. 해운합의서 기대효과 53 제4장 남북 경제 및 해운협력 활성화방안 54 제1절 경제협력 활성화방안 54 1. 위탁가공 교역분야 54 2. 공단설치 55 3. 관광사업분야 57 제2절 중·장기 경제활성화방안 59 1. 북한의 대남투자 59 2. 제3국 공동진출 60 3. 대단위 장치산업 육성 61 제3절 남북 해운협력방안 62 1. 해운협력분야 62 2. 해운관련 사업분야 64 제5장 결론 66 제1절 연구결과의 요약 66 제2절 연구의 시사점 및 한계점 69 참고문헌 71 71 7

주파수 및 시간적 상관관계에 기반한 음향학적 에코 억제 기법

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기·컴퓨터공학부, 2016. 8. 김남수.In the past decades, a number of approaches have been dedicated to acoustic echo cancellation and suppression which reduce the negative effects of acoustic echo, namely the acoustic coupling between the loudspeaker and microphone in a room. In particular, the increasing use of full-duplex telecommunication systems has led to the requirement of faster and more reliable acoustic echo cancellation algorithms. The solutions have been based on adaptive filters, but the length of these filters has to be long enough to consider most of the echo signal and linear filtering in these algorithms may be limited to remove the echo signal in various environments. In this thesis, a novel stereophonic acoustic echo suppression (SAES) technique based on spectral and temporal correlations is proposed in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. Unlike traditional stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation, the proposed algorithm estimates the echo spectra in the STFT domain and uses a Wiener filter to suppress echo without performing any explicit double-talk detection. The proposed approach takes account of interdependencies among components in adjacent time frames and frequency bins, which enables more accurate estimation of the echo signals. Due to the limitations of power amplifiers or loudspeakers, the echo signals captured in the microphones are not in a linear relationship with the far-end signals even when the echo path is perfectly linear. The nonlinear components of the echo cannot be successfully removed by a linear acoustic echo canceller. The remaining echo components in the output of acoustic echo suppression (AES) can be further suppressed by applying residual echo suppression (RES) algorithms. In this thesis, we propose an optimal RES gain estimation based on deep neural network (DNN) exploiting both the far-end and the AES output signals in all frequency bins. A DNN structure is introduced as a regression function representing the complex nonlinear mapping from these signals to the optimal RES gain. Because of the capability of the DNN, the spectro-temporal correlations in the full-band can be considered while finding the nonlinear function. The proposed method does not require any explicit double-talk detectors to deal with single-talk and double-talk situations. One of the well-known approaches for nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation is an adaptive Volterra filtering and various algorithms based on the Volterra filter were proposed to describe the characteristics of nonlinear echo and showed the better performance than the conventional linear filtering. However, the performance might be not satisfied since these algorithms could not consider the full correlation for the nonlinear relationship between the input signal and far-end signal in time-frequency domain. In this thesis, we propose a novel DNN-based approach for nonlinear acoustic echo suppression (NAES), extending the proposed RES algorithm. Instead of estimating the residual gain for suppressing the nonlinear echo components, the proposed algorithm straightforwardly recovers the near-end speech signal through the direct gain estimation obtained from DNN frameworks on the input and far-end signal. For echo aware training, a priori and a posteriori signal-to-echo ratio (SER) are introduced as additional inputs of the DNN for tracking the change of the echo signal. In addition, the multi-task learning (MTL) to the DNN-based NAES is combined to the DNN incorporating echo aware training for robustness. In the proposed system, an additional task of double-talk detection is jointly trained with the primary task of the gain estimation for NAES. The DNN can learn the good representations which can suppress more in single-talk periods and improve the gain estimates in double-talk periods through the MTL framework. Besides, the proposed NAES using echo aware training and MTL with double-talk detection makes the DNN be more robust in various conditions. The proposed techniques show significantly better performance than the conventional AES methods in both single- and double-talk periods. As a pre-processing of various applications such as speech recognition and speech enhancement, these approaches can help to transmit the clean speech and provide an acceptable communication in full-duplex real environments.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Scope of thesis 3 Chapter 2 Conventional Approaches for Acoustic Echo Suppression 7 2.1 Single Channel Acoustic Echo Cancellation and Suppression 8 2.1.1 Single Channel Acoustic Echo Cancellation 8 2.1.2 Adaptive Filters for Acoustic Echo Cancellation 10 2.1.3 Acoustic Echo Suppression Based on Spectral Modication 11 2.2 Residual Echo Suppression 13 2.2.1 Spectral Feature-based Nonlinear Residual Echo Suppression 15 2.3 Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Cancellation 17 2.4 Wiener Filtering for Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Suppression 20 Chapter 3 Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Suppression Incorporating Spectro-Temporal Correlations 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Linear Time-Invariant Systems in the STFT Domain with Crossband Filtering 26 3.3 Enhanced SAES (ESAES) Utilizing Spectro-Temporal Correlations 29 3.3.1 Problem Formulation 31 3.3.2 Estimation of Extended PSD Matrices, Echo Spectra, and Gain Function 34 3.3.3 Complexity of the Proposed ESAES Algorithm 36 3.4 Experimental Results 37 3.5 Summary 41 Chapter 4 Nonlinear Residual Echo Suppression Based on Deep Neural Network 43 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 A Brief Review on RES 45 4.3 Deep Neural Networks 46 4.4 Nonlinear RES using Deep Neural Network 49 4.5 Experimental Results 52 4.5.1 Combination with Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Suppression 59 4.6 Summary 61 Chapter 5 Enhanced Deep Learning Frameworks for Nonlinear Acoustic Echo Suppression 69 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 DNN-based Nonlinear Acoustic Echo Suppression using Echo Aware Training 72 5.3 Multi-Task Learning for NAES 75 5.4 Experimental Results 78 5.5 Summary 82 Chapter 6 Conclusions 89 Bibliography 91 요약 101Docto

진행성 난소암에서 p16[INK4] 및 p15[INK4B] 유전자의 동형소실에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 산부인과학전공,2000.Maste

복부비만의 평가도구로서 바지 허리치수의 유용성

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 보건대학원 :보건학과 보건정책관리전공,2006.Maste

금연이 내장비만에 미치는 영향에 대한 종적연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과 가정의학 전공, 2013. 8. 조비룡.서론: 흡연과 비만은 심혈관계 질환과 악성종양의 주요한 위험요인으로, 금연 후 일시적인 체중 증가는 대사관련 지표를 악화시키고 이로 인해 금연을 유지하는 데 장애물로 작용하고 있다. 금연 후 나타나는 내장지방과 피하지방의 변화에 대해 분석한 기존 단면연구는 일치되지 않은 결과를 제시하고 있어, 종적 자료를 이용해 이를 기술하고, 대사지표 악화의 원인을 확인하는 연구가 필요하다. 방법: 2004년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 서울대학교병원 강남센터 검진에서 복부 CT를 반복 측정한 수진자들을 대상으로 하였다. 총 복부지방은 내장지방(VAT)과 피하지방(SAT)으로 구분하였다. 흡연력을 확인하여, 첫 측정 시 흡연하고 이후에도 계속 흡연한 군(흡연군)과 첫 측정 이후 금연하여 지속적으로 담배를 끊은 군(금연군)을 비교 분석하였다. 금연에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 연령, 만성질병, 가족력, 사회경제적 요인, 검사 이상, 대사증후군 등으로 구성한 성향점수를 계산하였고, 성향점수로 보정하여 시간경과에 따라 금연이 VAT와 SAT에 미치는 영향을 일반화추정방정식 모델을 사용하여 확인하였다. 대표적 비만지표(체질량지수, 허리둘레, 체지방률, 체중)와 염증지표(WBC, hs-CRP)에 금연이 미치는 영향도 시간 경과에 따라 함께 확인하였다. 결과: 984명(흡연군 766명, 금연군 218명)을 분석한 결과, 금연한 군에서는 최초 측정 시에 비해 VAT는 금연 초기부터 유의하게 증가하여, 1년 미만(+17.9 cm2, P<0.001), 1~2년째(+18.9 cm2, P<0.001), 2~3년째(+18.1 cm2, P=0.001), 3~4년째까지 증가하고(+21.7 cm2, P<0.001), 이후 조금씩 감소하여 4~5년째(+13.5 cm2, P=0.038), 5년 이후(+11.8 cm2, P=0.04)에도 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 금연군의 SAT는 최초 측정 시에 비해 1년 미만(+9.1 cm2, P=0.008), 1-2년째(+11.6 cm2, P<0.001), 2-3년째(+11.9 cm2, P=0.012), 3-4년째(+18.7 cm2, P=0.004) 유의하게 증가하고, 4년 이후에는 감소하였다. 금연군과 흡연군의 VAT 차이는 1년 미만에선 10.9cm2, 1-2년째에는 9.1 cm2였지만 유의하진 않았고(P=0.09, 0.068), 금연 후 변화폭은 VAT가 SAT 에 비해 더 현저하였다. 금연 직후 1년내에는 증가한 총 복부지방의 2/3가 VAT였으며, 이후 점차 감소하여 3-4년째에는 1/3 정도에 해당하였다. VAT 증가는 고연령에서(50세 이상, 18.3% vs. 50세 미만, 12.9%), 비(非)비만 군에서(BMI<25kg/m2, 20.1% vs. BMI≥25kg/m2, 13.6%), 일 평균 흡연량 이 많은 군에서(20개비 이상, 20.6% vs. 20개비 미만, 17.4%), 다른 군에 비해 더 현저하였다. 특히, 흡연량이 20개비 이상인 군에서는 금연 후 1년 이내부터 급격히 VAT가 증가하지만 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 금연 후 관찰되는 다른 비만지표의 최대 변화 정도는 체중(+1.3kg (1.7%), P<0.001)이나 허리둘레(+1.8cm (2.0%), P<0.001), 체질량지수(+0.4kg/m2 (1.6%), P<0.001), 체지방률(+1.4% (5.9%), P<0.001) 모두 VAT(+16.4%, P<0.001) 나 SAT(+13.9%, P<0.001)에 비해 적었다. 염증지표인 WBC와 hs-CRP는 금연 이후 약간 증가하다, 3년 이 지나면 흡연자에 비해 의미 있게 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 결론 : 흡연자에서 금연은 초기 VAT와 SAT의 증가를 초래하고, 그 정도는 VAT에서 좀 더 현저하지만 3~4년이 지나면 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 금연 직후에는 VAT의 증가량이, 2년이 지나면 SAT의 증가량이 더 많다. VAT는 특정 군(50세 이상, BMI<25kg/m2, 하루 20개비 이상 흡연)에서 더 현저하였다.Ⅰ. 서론……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 1. 흡연의 위험과 금연의 중요성……………………………………………………………………………1 2. 금연이 체중에 미치는 영향……………………………………………………………………………….3 3. 복부 내장지방의 중요성……………………………………………………………………………………4 4. 흡연과 금연이 대사질환에 미치는 영향……………………………………………………………5 5. 연구목적 및 기대성과……………………………………………………………………………………….9 Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 1. 연구 대상………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11 2. 변수의 측정…………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 1. 흡연상태……………………………………………………………………………………………………12 2. 복부 내장지방 측정…………………………………………………………………………………..13 3. 사회경제적 요인, 생활습관, 가족력 및 병력…………………………………………….14 4. 신체계측 및 혈액검사……………………………………………………………………………….15 3. 통계 분석…………………………………………………………………………………………………………16 1. 기초통계 분석……………………………………………………………………………………………16 2. 성향점수 방법……………………………………………………………………………………………17 3. 금연이 주요 지표에 미치는 영향………………………………..…………………………….20 Ⅲ. 결과……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….22 1. 기초통계………………………………………………………………………………………………………...22 2. 추적기간에 따른 복부 내장지방과 복부 피하지방의 변화………………………………27 3. 성향점수………………………………………………………………………………………………………….29 4. 금연이 복부지방 분포에 미치는 영향……………………………………………………………..34 5. 금연이 기타 비만지표 및 대사지표에 미치는 영향…………………………………………39 1. 비만지표에 대한 금연의 영향……………………………………………………………………39 2. 염증지표에 대한 금연의 영향……………………………………………………………………47 6. 비만도, 연령, 흡연량에 따른 층화분석……………………………………………………………50 Ⅳ. 고찰……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….54 Ⅴ. 참고문헌………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..63Docto

A scripting language for real-time interactive animation

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 전산학과, 1997.2, [ iii, 37 p. ]한국과학기술원 : 전산학과

Developing a customer support system through the analysis of customer behavior in electronic commerce

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 테크노경영대학원, 1997.8, [ [vi], 49 p. ]한국과학기술원 : 테크노경영대학원

Heated tobacco product use and its relationship to quitting combustible cigarettes in Korean adults

Objective We assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with, heated tobacco product (HTP) use and analysed the association between HTP use and quitting combustible cigarettes (CCs) in Korean adults. Methods We conducted an online survey with 7,000 adults (males, 2,300; females, 4,700; ages 20-69) out of 70,000 age-, sex- and provincial-distribution-matched individuals based on 2018 national population statistics. Females were oversampled because the prevalence of tobacco product use is very low among women in Korea. Chi-square tests were used for bivariate analyses, and odds ratios were assessed after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Results The prevalence of current CC, electronic cigarette (EC), and HTP use was 24.8% (males, 40.4%; females, 9.3%), 6.8% (males, 10.1%; females, 3.4%), and 10.2% (males, 16.2%; females, 4.3%), respectively. Among the 574 current HTP users, 77 (13.4%) were HTP-only users and &gt;80% were either dual users of HTP and CC/EC, or triple users of HTP, EC, and CC. Among the current CC users, the odds of having attempted to quit CCs in the past year were greater among EC-only users (aOR 2.92; 95% CI 1.81-4.69) and dual users of HTPs and ECs (aOR 8.42; 95% CI 4.85-14.62) than among non-HTP and non-EC users. Among 2,121 ever CC smokers, the likelihood of being a former CC smoker was 0.19 (95% CI 0.15-0.24) for HTP users, 0.29 (95% CI 0.20-0.42) for EC users, and 0.03 (95% CI 0.01-0.06) for users of both HTPs and ECs compared with non-HTP and non-EC users. Conclusion EC-only use and dual use of HTPs and ECs were associated with increased attempts to quit CCs; however, HTP and EC use was associated with lower odds of CC smoking abstinence

Combined computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging improves diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma &lt;= 3.0 cm

Background/purpose Imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important, but the diagnostic performance of combined computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 is not fully understood. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of combined CT and MRI for diagnosing HCC &lt;= 3.0 cm using LI-RADS. Methods In 222 patients at risk of HCC who underwent both contrast-enhanced dynamic CT and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI in 2017, 291 hepatic nodules &lt;= 3.0 cm were retrospectively analyzed. Two radiologists performed image analysis and assigned a LI-RADS category to each nodule. The diagnostic performance for HCC was evaluated for CT, ordinary-MRI (washout confined to portal venous-phase), and modified-MRI (washout extended to hepatobiliary phase), and sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each modality. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the diagnostic performance for HCC between combined CT and ordinary-MRI, combined CT and modified-MRI, and CT or MRI alone. p &lt; 0.0062 (0.05/8) was considered statistically significant following Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results In 291 nodules, the sensitivity and specificity of CT, ordinary-MRI, and modified-MRI were 70.2% and 92.8%, 72.6% and 96.4%, and 84.6% and 88.0%, respectively. Compared with CT or MRI alone, both combined CT and ordinary-MRI (sensitivity, 83.7%; specificity, 95.2%) and combined CT and modified-MRI (sensitivity, 88.9%; specificity, 89.2%) showed significantly higher sensitivity (p &lt;= 0.006), without a significant decrease in specificity (p &gt;= 0.314). Conclusions Compared with CT or MRI alone, combined CT and MRI can increase sensitivity for diagnosing HCC &lt;= 3.0 cm, without a significant decrease in specificity

How to Combine Diffusion-Weighted and T2-Weighted Imaging for MRI Assessment of Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer?

Objective: Adequate methods of combining T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to assess complete response (CR) to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer are obscure. We aimed to determine an algorithm for combining T2WI and DWI to optimally suggest CR on MRI using visual assessment. Materials and Methods: We included 376 patients (male:female, 256:120; mean age +/- standard deviation, 59.7 +/- 11.1 years) who had undergone long-course CRT for rectal cancer and both pre-and post-CRT high-resolution rectal MRI during 2017- 2018. Two experienced radiologists independently evaluated whether a tumor signal was absent, representing CR, on both post-CRT T2WI and DWI, and whether the pre-treatment DWI showed homogeneous hyperintensity throughout the lesion. Algorithms for combining T2WI and DWI were as follows: 'AND,' if both showed CR; 'OR,' if any one showed CR; and 'conditional OR,' if T2WI showed CR or DWI showed CR after the pre-treatment DWI showed homogeneous hyperintensity. Their efficacies for diagnosing pathologic CR (pCR) were determined in comparison with T2WI alone. Results: Sixty-nine patients (18.4%) had pCR. AND had a lower sensitivity without statistical significance (vs. 62.3% [43/69]; 59.4% [41/69], p = 0.500) and a significantly higher specificity (vs. 87.0% [267/307]; 90.2% [277/307], p = 0.002) than those of T2WI. Both OR and conditional OR combinations resulted in a large increase in sensitivity (vs. 62.3% [43/69]; 81.2% [56/69], p &lt; 0.001; and 73.9% [51/69], p = 0.008, respectively) and a large decrease in specificity (vs. 87.0% [267/307]; 57.0% [175/307], p &lt; 0.001; and 69.1% [212/307], p &lt; 0.001, respectively) as compared with T2WI, ultimately creating additional false interpretations of CR more frequently than additional identification of patients with pCR. Conclusion: AND combination of T2WI and DWI is an appropriate strategy for suggesting CR using visual assessment of MRI after CRT for rectal cancer