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    ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ-๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ „๊ณต),2019. 8. ์ „๋™๋ ฌ.์—ด์  ํ‰ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ-์ƒค๋ฅผ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์—ญํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์šด๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ PHYWE์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋ชธ(Chamber body)์€ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋กœ, ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฆ„ , ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์ž…์ž๋“ค๋กœ, ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋ชธ ๋ฐ‘ ํŒ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜์™€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์  ์ž…์ž๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์ž…์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋กœ ์–ป์€ ์ •๋ณด์—๋Š” ์ •์‚ฌ์˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ ๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ•œ ์ถ•์— ์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ๋œ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ก  ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ‘ ํŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์†๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ‘ ํŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ, ๋ฐ‘ ํŒ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ํ‰ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ด ์ž…์ž์˜ ์–‘ ๋ฐ ๋†’์ด์— ๋“ฑ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์•• ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฐ‘ ํŒ ์ง„๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋กœ ์–ป์€ ์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ณต์›ํ•ด ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ ๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ž…์ž ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ ์ถ•์— ์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ‘ ํŒ ์ง„๋™์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•ˆ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MATLAB ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ ์ถ•์˜ ์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์†๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•œ ๋’ค ๊ตฌ๋ฉด ์ ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ-๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ‘ ํŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ถ„์„ ํˆด๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ•, ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์œ„์น˜ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์› ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ ๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์–ป์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ถ„์„์— ์žˆ์–ด ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.In this study, we aim at modeling the microscopic viewpoint of ideal gas and quantitatively analyzing collision particles using analytical method called tracker. The ideal gas model was composed of PHYWE products for modeling. The chamber body is modeled as the ideal gas volume, the glass beads as ideal gas particles, and the vibration frequency of bottom plate as temperature. To analyze this model, one of the beads is identified as a red target particle, and the position information of the particle over time is obtained through the tracker. However, since the information obtained by the tracker contains the concept of orthogonal, when we obtain a graph of the velocity distribution, it follows an orthogonal velocity distribution on one axis, not the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution of the three-dimensional space. After obtaining the data, the orthogonal projected velocity distributions on the x and y axes were analyzed. The difference between the two graphs is due to the gravitational, the forced vibration of bottom frequency, and the number of particles. The atmospheric pressure distribution to height was also analyzed through density of the collision particles during experiment. The graphs depends on the plate frequency, which can explain the relationship between temperature and gravitational energy. Finally, the orthographic database obtained from the tracker was reconstructed in 3-D to confirm the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution. In order to know the particle distribution in the velocity space, we need to know the orthogonal information on three axes. Depends on the each set of axis distribution, it can indicate an environment of zero gravity or gravity. We plotted the axis transformation distribution through an algorithm using MATLAB program, and we can confirm that this distribution follows the Maxwell Boltzmann velocity distribution well. Quantitative analysis and statistical approaches were possible through the tracker data obtained in a short time. In addition to the analysis in the paper, tracker will be useful in experiments on other dependent variables or new ideal gas model analysis.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋ณธ๋ก  7 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ด๋ก  7 1. ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ-๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ 7 2. ํ•œ ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ๋œ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ 8 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žฅ์น˜ ์„ธํŒ… ๋ฐ ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค ์„ค์ • 11 1. ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜ ์„ธํŒ… 11 2. ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ ํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค(Tracker)์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค์ • 13 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ-๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ 16 1. ํ‘œ์  ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ 16 2. ํ‘œ์  ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ถ• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ 22 3. 1์ฐจ์›-3์ฐจ์› ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ 30 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 35 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  40 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 42 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 44 Abstract 47Maste

    A Study on the Characteristics of Cooling and Heating Loads of Building According to the Acquisition Methods of Meteorological Data

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    As the buildings are consuming about 26 percent of the total national energy consumption amounts annually, the research on the energy saving technology for buildings will be very significant matter. In this thesis, in order to apply the energy saving policy on the step of the onset of building construction, the characteristics of cooling and heating loads of building according to the acquisition methods of meteorological data are analysed by using the commercial simulation program of Esp-r. For evaluating energy performance in the simulation program, the meteorological data is one of an important variables. As the current typical meteorological data in Korea does not consider the recent 5 year climate changes, it is necessary to compensate. The purpose of this research is to compare the cooling and heating loads between the typical meteorological data and the actual measured one. To get the actual meteorological data, the temperature, humidity, and amount of solar radiation for the five-storied building with 1,665m2 of building area was measured. The actual measured meteorological data, the data of Korea Meteorological Administration, and the typical meteorological data were compared and the result showed that the Korea Meteorological Administration data was the same as the actual measured meteorological data. The Korea Meteorological Administration data, therefore, could be used to evaluate the cooling and heating loads of all the buildings. When the typical meteorological data is applied to the program that is obtained 30,369kWh as the cooling load and 86,049kWh as the heating load. Also 28,477kWh, 95,913kWh for the cooling and heating loads in 2006 and 24,121kWh, 74,677kWh for the cooling and heating loads in 2007 and 26,357kWh, 94,150kWh for the cooling and heating loads in 2008 and 20,026kWh, 89,199kWh for the cooling and heating loads in 2009 are obtained by the Korea Meteorological Administration data. Consequently, by surveying the typical meteorological data and the Korea Meteorological Administration data from 2006 to 2009, the simulation program can be drew the cooling and heating loads. Also, to assume a operating time of a building's air conditioning system in summer and winter season, it can be calculated to operate ratio of the system by using Maximum load calculation method.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  3 1.3 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 5 2.1 ์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 5 2.1.1 ์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 5 2.1.2 ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜ 7 2.1.3 ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜ 7 2.2 ์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ•ด์„ ์ด๋ก  8 2.2.1 ์™ธ๋ฒฝ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ 8 2.2.2 ๊ฐ„๋ฒฝ, ์ฒœ์žฅ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ 9 2.2.3 ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ 9 2.2.4 ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์นจ์ž…๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ 10 2.2.5 ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์—ด์›์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ 11 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 13 3.1 ํ•ด์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 13 3.1.1 ์ •์ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ• 13 3.1.2 ๋™์ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ• 14 3.2 ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 17 3.2.1 DOE- 2 17 3.2.2 Energy Plus 18 3.2.3 ESP-r 20 3.2.4 TRNSYS 24 3.3 ๋ถ€ํ•˜์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 26 3.3.1 Energy rate control 26 3.3.2 Temperature rate control 27 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 28 4.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ฐœ์š” 28 4.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 30 4.2.1 ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ‘œ 34 4.2.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด 36 4.3 ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ 40 4.3.1 ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 40 4.3.2 ์ง์‚ฐ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ 45 4.3.3 ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ต 47 4.4 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 51 4.4.1 ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ ์šฉ 52 4.4.2 ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ฒญ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ ์šฉ 54 4.4.3 ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ฐจ์ด 63 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  65 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 6

    ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฒดํ—˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์•„๋™๊ฐ€์กฑํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์ด์žฌ๋ฆผ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ธ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ € ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฐฉ(์ดํ•˜ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋น„๋Œ€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด์ž ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•ต๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์นœ์ธ์ฒ™๊ณผ๋„ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์†Œํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์—ญํ• , ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œํ†ต์ฑ„๋„๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ž๋…€, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž, ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ธ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ €์ธ ์นด์นด์˜คํ†ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ๋‚จ๋…€ 10๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ van Manen์˜ ํ•ด์„ํ•™์  ํ˜„์ƒํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์˜จ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ, ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ, ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณธ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ์›๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์นœ์ธ์ฒ™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์— ํฌํ•จํ•  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์€ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๋Œ€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋ผ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฉด๋Œ€๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งž๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ฉด๋Œ€๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๋Š” ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๋Œ€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผํ™ฉ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Š์Šจํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋ผ๋„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฉด ์†Œํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๋Š” ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์  ๋”์™€ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‚ด ์œ„๊ณ„์™€ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์  ๋”ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์œ„๊ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋น„๋Œ€๋ฉด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฉด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฉด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ, ์ž๋…€, ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ์›๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์นœ์ธ์ฒ™ ๋“ฑ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฒดํ—˜๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์—ญ๋™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of married adults who interact with their families using a group chat application. In Korea where families do not have much time to interact face-to-face due to smaller households and increased individual social time, family group chats have become an important tool to interact without meeting face-to-face with family members. As family group chats are increasingly used to communicate with ones extended family and relatives as well as the nuclear family, group chats can be a tool to understand the family system including a wider range of subsystems. In addition, given that interacting with family members through group chats can be a family practice, examining this practice can help us understand how married people experience and organize their families. Lastly, since the symbolic meaning is based on ones role, identity, interaction, and context according to symbolic interactionism, we can understand the role of group chats in family communication, the context of Korean families when interacting with family members, and the role or identity of married people by exploring their lived experiences when interacting with family members using group chats. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 married women and men who routinely communicate with their children, spouses, parents, and parents-in-law through the Kakaotalk application, and who had experienced at least one family group chat. Data were analyzed based on van Manens hermeneutic phenomenological method. The results showed that participants interacted with various family members such as extended family members and relatives as well as nuclear family members through group chats. They shared details about their daily life or discussed family events. Family group chats were also a place where family members gathered and communicated comfortably. However, they often were careful about exchanging messages so as not to lower the quality of family relationships. Participants also used and constructed family group chats in their own way. Family members were chosen to be included in group chats according to the quality of family relationships or conversation topics. Some family members left group chats when there were conflicts with other family members. Group chats became a tool for participants to conveniently interact from a distance instead of face-to-face with their family members. However, group chats could not replace face-to-face conversations or phone calls, as hearing family members voices and physical contact were still considered important for family relationships. Family group chats were perceived as the virtual living room where the whole family gathered in various forms. First, family group chats were the virtual living room where various subsystems could gather virtually and keep in touch with family members who were difficult to meet face-to-face. Second, family group chats were the virtual living room where married people developed the family practice of sharing their daily lives and performing their family roles. Given that group chats were a virtual space, married people independently organized the space according to family relationships, such as excluding family members with whom they had uncomfortable relationships, or they left the group chats when there was a conflict. Third, family group chats were the virtual living room where traditional gender roles and patriarchy were evident in the context of Korean families. Fourth, family group chats were the virtual living room where the importance of face-to-face interaction between families for positive family relationships was emphasized in the era when people cannot live without a smartphone. This study contributes to the literature by exploring the lived experiences of married people who interact with family members using group chats by considering not only parents, children, siblings, and spouses, but also extended family members such as parents-in law and relatives. The findings have theoretical implications for understanding family group chats as a system, and examining how married people experience family in group chats. The findings also shed light on the context of the Korean family, the roles of family group chats, and the role and identity of married people in Korean family interactions.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 4 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ธ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ €์™€ ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ 7 1. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฒด๊ณ„์ด๋ก  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ 7 2. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‹ค์ฒœ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ 8 3. ์ƒ์ง•์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๋ก  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ 10 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 11 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 15 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 15 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 20 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 21 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 23 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์˜จ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ 23 1. ํ•ต๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์นœ์ธ์ฒ™๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” 23 2. ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” 27 3. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋ผ ํŽธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด 32 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ 38 1. ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋Œ€ํ™”์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ์ง๋˜๋Š” 38 2. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋Š” 41 3. ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ 46 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋‹จํ†ก๋ฐฉ 49 1. ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 49 2. ๊ธ€์ž๋ผ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” 51 3. ์ „ํ™”์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” 55 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 59 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 64 Abstract 69์„

    ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ผ์ง€ ๋†๊ฐ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด RNA ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์˜ ์ถœํ˜„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ๋ฐ•๋ด‰๊ท .In swine industry, contagious diseases are constantly around and suddenly outbreak in particular places in swine producing countries with enormous economic losses although various prevention methods have been applied for control. Furthermore, some of them are more threat for public health if they have the zoonotic potentials by genetic reassortant or mutation. Overall objectives of present researches were to elucidate characteristics of newly emerged RNA viruses, such as swine influenza (Orthyomyxovirus), porcine epidemic diarrhea and delta-coronavirus (Coronaviruses) in South Korea. Swine influenza virus (SIV) causes an acute respiratory disease in pigs and sporadic human outbreak. The H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 SIV subtypes are endemic in major swine producing counties. In Korea, North American triple reassortant SIVs which possess a gene combination of human, classical swine, and avian segments have been circulating for decades although triple reassortant H1N2 strains (with a classical swine-like hemagglutinin) are exclusively predominant. Since the first report of the emergence pandemic (H1N1) 2009- A(H1N1)pdM09 virus of in North America in June 2009, similar viruses bearing a unique reassortment of segments derived from the triple reassortant swine North American lineage and the avian-like swine Eurasian lineage were also reported in swine and human population worldwide. Most recently, novel reassortant A(H1N2) SIVs bearing Eurasian avian-like swine H1-like hemagglutinin and Korean swine H1N2-like neuraminidase in the internal gene backbone of the H3N2pM-like virus, represented by A/swine/Korea/CY0423/2013 (CY0423-12/2013), were also identified in Korean domestic pigs. In order to investigate overall characteristics of novel CY0423-12/2013-like SIVs, in first chapter, the genetic analyses with all eight gene segments were characterized and evaluated their pathogenic potentials in vitro and in vivo studies. Genetic characterization results revealed that the HA gene of CY0423-12/2013 showed high genetic homology with EA avian-like swine H1 viruses while N2 NA gene is more closely related with current existing Korean H1N2 SIVs. The other six internal genes were highly similar with those of swine H3N2pM-like viruses identified in Korea and North America. Compare to Korean classical H1N2 SIV (CY03-11/2012), the novel CY0423-12/2013 showed more efficient viral replication in human bronchial epithelial cells and induce higher level of viral titer in both infected mouse and ferret model. In addition, the CY0423-12/2013 can transmit via respiratory route through air contact to naรฏve ferret from infected. These findings indicated divergence of recent SIVs in Korea also provide zoonotic possibility of reassortant H1N2 SIV since it contains reassorted genes from other species which can affect and transmit to human. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the family Coronaviridae, is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. After PEDV was first identified in Europe in 1978 and North America in 2013, outbreaks of PEDV infections have been reported in many other countries including South Korea (1992). Although several PEDV vaccines were developed and applied in fields, PEDV have been continued outbreaks and caused serious economic damages in Korean pig farms. Therefore, in second chapter, isolation of PEDV from Korean swine farms was conducted and demonstrated their genetic characteristics. During the 2014 to 2015, total 30 PEDV positive fecal samples were collected from domestic farms in Korea, and two PEDV strains (J3142 and BM3) were isolated. Genetic analysis of complete Spike gene of two isolates showed that both strains had high similarity with strains of geno subgroup G2a, while current PEDV vaccine strains are belonged to subgroup G1. In addition, the BM3 showed high genetic homology with those of North America, but the J3142 showed more genetic relation with China strains in S2 region. Nucleotide comparison of both Spike complete genes and N-terminal domains in 2 isolates showed low identity only 89.2~89.5 percent with those of vaccine strains (DR13 and CV777). Molecular analysis of two isolates, a specific substitution at neutralizing SS6 epitope was found in both SM3 and J3142 strains compared with vaccine strains. Furthermore, potential recombinant region was found in J3142 strain with KNU1303_Korean strain (subgroup G2a) or KF724935_Thailand strain (subgroup G2b) by using Recombination Detection Program with reference strains. These results suggested that at least two different subgroups of PEDV are co-circulated and they are undergoing continuous genetic evolution in Korean swine herds. In February 2014, a novel deltacoronavirus in swine, called procine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was first identified in the US, Ohio and Indiana, followed by rapid transmit to other states in the US and Canada. Although the origin and virulence of this novel porcine coronavirus are still unclear, genetic analyses revealed that the US PDCoV isolates possess unique characteristics and showed a close relationship with PDCoV isolates of Hong Kong and South Korea. Therefore, in third chapter, isolation of PDCoV from Korean swine farms was conducted and demonstrated their genetic characteristics. To this end, a total 681 samples from 59 commercial swine farms were tested to investigate the presence of PDCoV, and 2 strains (SL2 and SL5) were discovered in a farm in Gyeongbuk province in Korea. The pigs of the farm showed severe diarrhea similar symptoms with normal PEDV activity but different disease pattern compared with previous PEDV only cases. Based on phylogenetic analysis of complete Spike and Nucleocapsid genes, SL2 and SL5 were closely related to the strains of North America PDCoV rather than those of China PDCoV. In addition the SL2 and SL5 showed different genetic characteristic with previously reported KNU14.04_Korean strain. Overall, the present studies provide knowledge to various characteristics of newly identified swine RNA viruses of SIV, PEDV and PDCoV in Korea. Upon the situation of fast changing of contagious pathogens, especially in RNA viruses, rapid and accurate actions of various research trials should be worthy to efficient control and prevention against newly emerging infectious diseases. Therefore, persistent monitoring and systematic surveillance should be maintained for containment purposes and to reduce opportunities for further genetic evolution of the virus.General introduction 1 Literature review 5 1. Influenza virus 6 1.1. Etiology 6 1.2. Structure and function of Influenza virus 6 1.3. Function of influenza virus HA and NA genes 7 1.4. Function of influenza virus other gene 9 1.5. Influenza A Virus Subtypes 9 1.6. Swine influenza virus 10 2. Corona viruses 20 2.1. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus 21 2.2. Porcine Deltacoronavirus 28 Chapter I. Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of a novel reassortant H1N2 swine influenza virus with gene constellation derived from multiple viral sources 32 Abstract 33 1.1. Introduction 34 1.2. Materials and methods 36 1.3. Results 40 1.4. Discussion 47 Chapter II. New emergence pattern with variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, South Korea, 2012~2015 68 Abstract 69 2.1. Introduction 70 2.2. Materials and methods 72 2.3.Results 76 2.4. Discussion 80 Chapter III. Emergence of procine deltacoronavirus in Korean swine farm 2015 93 Abstract 94 3.1. Introduction 95 3.2. Materials and methods 96 3.3. Results and Discussion 98 General conclusion 103 References 107 Abstract in Korean 131Docto

    A Design Proposal for the Mixed-Use Complex District of UN Headquarters' Relocated Site in Itaewon-dong

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2016. 2. ์ด์œ ๋ฏธ.๊ณ ๋ฐ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋„์‹œ ์†์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฐฝ์ถœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์‹œ ์† ์ด์ „์ ์ง€๋Š” ํ† ์ง€์˜ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์น˜์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ด์Šˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋น„์ „์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2015๋…„ 4์›” ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๊ณ ์‹œ๋œ ์œ ์—”์‚ฌ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์—”์‚ฌ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€๋Š” ์ดํƒœ์›๋™๊ณผ ํ•œ๋‚จ๋™ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”โˆ™์†Œ๋น„ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์šฉ์‚ฐ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ๊ธฐ์ง€์™€ ๋…น์‚ฌํ‰๋Œ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด์›ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์ซ“๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ„์น˜์  ์ด์ ๊ณผ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ตฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”โˆ™์†Œ๋น„์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๋…น์ง€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•œ๋‚จ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ์›จ์ด, ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›ํ™” ๋“ฑ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‚ด์— ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋…น์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์—”์‚ฌ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์œ„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ์ถ”๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›์˜ ๋…น์ง€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํŠธ๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํ‰ํƒ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ด์ „์žฌ์› ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด์Šˆ์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์  ์š”์ธ ์†์—์„œ ๋…น์ง€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋…น์ง€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณดํ–‰ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์„ ํ˜•์˜ ๋…น์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„“์€ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ํ• ์• ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜• ๋…น์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋…น์ง€ ์ถ•์€ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์กฐ์„ฑ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋…น์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํœด์‹, ์ด๋™, ์šด๋™ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ์ ‘ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์šฉ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•์˜ ๋…น์ง€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”โˆ™์†Œ๋น„์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ณต์›ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋‘ ๋„์‹œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ง€์†์  ์ƒ์ƒ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์› ๋™์ธก ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ดŒ, ๊ฒฝ๋ฆฌ๋‹จ๊ธธ, ์ดํƒœ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์„ (็ทš)์  ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ(์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ต๊ฐ)์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฌธํ™”โˆ™์†Œ๋น„์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฉด(้ข)์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์šฉ์‚ฐ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ธ์ ‘ ์ง€์—ญ(๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€)์— ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ ๋…น์‚ฌํ‰๋Œ€๋กœ26๊ธธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ์ž”์—ฌ ํ•„์ง€๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์นœํ™”์  ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์œ„์น˜โˆ™ํ˜•ํƒœโˆ™๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์—…๋ฌด์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ €์ธต๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธํ™”์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹œ์„ค ์ €์ธต๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋…น์ง€ ์ถ•์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ฌธํ™”โˆ™์†Œ๋น„ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ƒ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญํ† ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ™•์ •๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ตฌ์ƒ ์—†์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์†์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš ์ด์ „์— ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ์œ„์น˜์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์กฐ์„ฑ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์„ ํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด 4์›”์— ์ด์–ด 10์›” ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํ˜‘์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์กฐ์„ฑ์‹ค์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๊ณ ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ „์ ์ง€์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ฒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์กฐ์„ฑ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋„์‹œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณต์› ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ  ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ โˆ™๊ฑดํ์œจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด, ๋‘ ๋„์‹œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๊ถŒ ๋‚ด ๋…น์ง€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™•๋ณด, ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค ๊ธฐ์กด ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ƒ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ œ๊ณต ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์ข… ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.The development of a relocated site as a new opportunity in the city environment has its significance more than a simple meaning of creating revenue in a highly dense city. A majority of the relocated site developments takes a huge part in terms of its size, and its influence on the surrounding area is enormous as well. Therefore, the development plan which sets a thorough, long-term goal considering the potentials of its location and issues related to the surrounding cities should be established. The relocated site development of UN headquarter in which its new development plan was announced in April of 2015 also took place in the Seoul Metropolis. The relocated site is surrounded by one of the most well-known cultural and commercial areas in Seoul such as Itaewon and Hannam-dong. It is adjacent to the border of Noksapyeong main road neighboring with the U.S. military base in Yongsan, which will be turned into a city park in the near future. In order to improve the city environment in the overall Yongsan City region, it is significant to suggest a development plan for the relocated site in the direction of connecting to the surrounding area, considering its locational advantage and other strengths. Considering the potentials in its locational advantage in the urban context, the relocated site should be developed into the space which functions as an intermediary between the future Yongsan Park and cultural and commercial areas. The site should take two important roles to secure the connectivity between the different regions. The first role is to act as the initial point in the site expansion of green space system. In accordance with the long-term development plan of Yongsan-gu including Hannam Greenway and Yongsan Park, it is essential to expand the green space in which especially lack in the urban area. The development of relocated site can be regarded as stepping off on the right foot of achieving the long-term plan as it was mentioned. Therefore, it is proposed that its role should have a function as the initial point that can expand the green space system of Yongsan Park into the inner-city region. However, the main objective of the development was to secure profitability for transferring revenue to the U.S. military base in Pyeongtaek. This practically required a high number in Floor Area Ratio (FAR), followed by a high-density development plan. Under these restrictions, allocating the green space was the biggest challenge. The proposal suggests to allocate the green space into the pedestrian-friendly linear form rather than a large scale of green space. By securing the connectivity between Yongsan Park and the urban area, it will attract various acts and behaviors to occur in the linear form of green space. The pedestrian-friendly green axis provides spaces for relaxation, mobility, exercises, etc. in a high-density mixed use district and creates various methods to utilize the space in regards of the surrounding facilities uses and the neighboring citys cultural context. Consequently, it will act as the linear-shaped green space which connects Yongsan Park and the surrounding areas. The second role is to provide a commercial and cultural platform which connects the surrounding multicultural districts and Yongsan Park. In order to successfully create a park from the U.S. military base which has been isolated for a long time, it is inevitable to enhance the connectivity with the surrounding urban region and build a mutual relationship between two different urban tissues. In the eastern part of Yongsan Park, a number of streets including Haebang-chon, Gyeongridan-gil, and Itaewon Street which have strong multicultural characteristics have been created. For the connectivity between these streets and Yongsan Park, the design proposals from the majority of competitions mainly suggesting a simple, linear form as connection link are incompetent. Instead, this study proposed to establish a commercial and cultural platform as the areal form in the Yongsan U.S. military base adjacent area (site location) as the first priority. To achieve this, the reconstruction of pedestrian-friendly commercial facilities was proposed by integrating the remaining parcels adjacent to the Noksapyeong 26 Street, which were excluded from the formal designation of development plan. The shape, form, and size of commercial facilities are to be established in accordance with the urban context to reduce the differences with new commercial district. In addition, the spaces in the lower level of large-scaled office buildings should create a cultural platform by changing them into the mixed-use cultural facilities. The lower levels in different types of facilities are expected to be effective as a medium of pedestrian-friendly green axis as well as functioning its primary uses. This proposal suggests to keep a sustainable, cultural win-win effect with Yongsan Park by forming a cultural and commercial platform on the overall region of site location. The study has its significance in establishing the full picture on the development direction of relocated site under the circumstances that no concrete plans have been made yet. It is also inevitable to face the issues in terms of its feasibility since the study has been continued under the uncertain condition of a concrete development plan by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. However, in other words, it is significant that this study discovered the potentials in its locational advantage and processed the initial stage of securing its publicness in the development of a high-density mixed use district. The development directions on the relocated site have been mentioned in the related proposals for surrounding areas. The implementation plan was newly announced in October of 2015 through consultations by the related departments involved, followed by its announcement in April of 2015however, specific plans on the development were still not proposed. Since the development of relocated site is expected to be initiated at an early date, this proposal can serve as part of essential development plan established by either government or other agencies in the near future. Moreover, there is a significance in refining the development plan as opportunities for environmental improvements across the overall urban areas by developing the large-scaled relocated site into a mixed use district. This proposal suggested alternatives to obtain both publicness and a designated number of Floor Area Ratio (FAR) regarding its site location as the mixed use development abutting on the large-scale of park. The proposal can be somewhat regarded as incompetent since it did not achieve the maximum profitabilityin other words, it did not propose alternatives with the maximum numbers of Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Building Coverage Ratio (BCR). However, this proposal can be considered as convincing and reasonable given a number of beneficial social effects such as securing the connectivity between Yongsan Park and the urban area, the mutual effects of two different urban tissues, the green space within a local residents life zone, the win-win effect between new and existing, small-sized commercial facilities, and the provision of cultural space for users.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ. ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 3. ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์  6 ์ œ2์ ˆ. ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 8 1. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 8 2. ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 10 ์ œ3์ ˆ. ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ • 11 ์ œ2์žฅ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 12 ์ œ1์ ˆ. ๊ด€๋ จ๊ณ„ํš ๊ฒ€ํ†  12 1. ์œ ์—”์‚ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ๊ณ„ํš 12 2. ์šฉ์‚ฐ๊ณต์›๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš : ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์กฐ์„ฑ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ตฌ์ƒ 14 ์ œ2์ ˆ. ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ด€์  16 1. ๊ตฐ์ด์ „์ ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 16 2. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 18 3. ์œ ์—”์‚ฌ ์ด์ „์ ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  19 ์ œ3์ ˆ. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 20 1. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 20 2. ์‹œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์™€(Shinagawa)์—ญ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์กฐ์„ฑ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 21 3. ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋…ธ์šฐ์น˜ ๋‚˜์นด๋„๋ฆฌ : ๊ณ ์ธต์—…๋ฌด์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 24 4. ์ธ์ฒœ ์†ก๋„ NCํ๋ธŒ ์ปค๋„ฌ ์›Œํฌ : ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ์„ค์กฐ์„ฑ์ง€๊ตฌ 28 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ 31 ์ œ1์ ˆ. ๊ด‘์—ญ์  ๋ถ„์„ 31 1. ๊ด€๋ จ์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 31 2. ๋„๋กœ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 34 3. ๋…น์ง€ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 35 4. ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”โˆ™์†Œ๋น„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ 36 5. ์ด์šฉ์ž๋ณ„ ๋™์„  ์ฒด๊ณ„ 40 6. ๊ด‘์—ญ์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„์ž… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์‹œ์„ค ๋„์ถœ 42 ์ œ2์ ˆ. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ถ„์„ 44 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ 44 2. ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์  ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 47 3. ์œ ์—”์‚ฌ ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ถ€ 50 4. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ด์Šˆ 53 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ 54 ์ œ1์ ˆ. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 54 1. ๋„์ž…๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์šฉ๋„ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 54 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋ณ„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฐ์ • 56 3. ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… : Platform for Linking Urban Structure 58 4. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „๋žต 59 5. ์ „๋žต์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” 60 6. ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ณ„ํš 65 ์ œ2์ ˆ. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ณ„ํš 67 1. ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ณ„ํš(Master Plan) 67 2. ๋™์„  ๊ณ„ํš 68 3. ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ณ„ํš 71 4. ์„ค๊ณ„ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 72 5. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ณ„ํš 74 ์ œ3์ ˆ. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์„ค๊ณ„ 76 1. ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋…น์ง€ ์ถ• ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ 76 2. ์‹œ์„ค ์ €์ธต๋ถ€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ 80 3. ์ค‘์š” ์ง€์  ํˆฌ์‹œ๋„ 83 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  85 ์ œ1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์š”์•ฝ 85 ์ œ2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  86 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 86 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  87 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 88 ABSTRACT 91Maste

    LTE ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์ „๋‹ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2015. 2. ๊ถŒํƒœ๊ฒฝ.LTE includes an enhanced multimedia broadcast/multicast service(eMBMS)but delay-sensitive real-time video streaming requires the combination of efficient handling of wireless link bandwidth and reduced handover delays, which remains a challenge. The 3GPP standard introduces a Multimedia Broadcast and multicast service over a Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area which is a group of base stations broadcasting the same multicast packets. It can reduce the handover delay within MBSFN areas, but raises the traffic load on LTE networks. In this dissertation, we first presents an MBSFN architecture based on location management areas (LMAs) which can increase the sizes of MBSFN areas to reduce the average handover delay without too much bandwidth waste. An analytical model is developed to quantify service disruption time, bandwidth usage, and blocking probability for different sizes of MBSFN areas and LMAs while considering user mobility, user distribution, and eMBMS session popularity. Using this model, we also propose how to determine the best sizes of MBSFN areas and LMAs along with performance guarantees. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that our LMA-based MBSFN scheme can achieve bandwidth-efficient multicast delivery while retaining an acceptable service disruption time. We next propose to transmit the real-time video streaming packets of eMBMSs proactively and probabilistically, so that the average handover delay perceived by a user is stochastically guaranteed. To quantify the tradeoff between the perceived handover delay and the bandwidth overhead of proactive transmissions, we develop an analytical model considering user mobility, user distribution, and session popularity. Comprehensive simulation is carried out to verify the analysis. On the other hand, hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) based adaptive streaming (HAS) is expected to be a dominant technique for non-real-time video delivery in LTE networks. In this dissertation, we first analyze the root causes of the problems of the existing HAS techniques. Based on the insights gained from our analysis, we propose a network-side HAS solution to provide a fair, efficient, and stable video streaming service. The key characteristics of our solution are: (i) unification of video- and data-users into a single utility framework, (ii) direct rate control conveying the assigned rates to the video client through overwritten HTTP Response messages, and (iii) rate allocation for stability by a stateful approach. By the experiments conducted in a real LTE femtocell network, we compare the proposed solution with state-of-the-art HAS solutions. We reveal that our solution (i) enhances the average video bitrates, (ii) achieves the stability of video quality, and (iii) supports the control of the balance between video- and data-users.Abstract i I. Introduction 1 II. Performance Improvements on Real-time Multicast Video Delivery 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 Related Work 7 2.3 Location Management Area Based MBSFN 9 2.3.1 Location Management Area (LMA) 10 2.3.2 Handover Delays 12 2.3.3 LMA-based MBSFN Area Planning 12 2.4 Performance Analysis 14 2.4.1 Disruption Time 17 2.4.2 Bandwidth Usage 20 2.4.3 Blocking Probability 21 2.5 Numerical Results 23 2.5.1 Effect of NZ and NL 24 2.5.2 Deciding NZ and NL 27 2.5.3 Effects of v and rho* 31 2.5.4 Effect of alpha 32 2.6 Simulation Results 35 2.7 Conclusion 37 III. Proactive Approach for LMA-based MBSFN 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Network and MBSFN Modeling 41 3.3 Proactive LMA-based MBSFN 44 3.3.1 Problem Formulation 45 3.3.2 Overall procedure 47 3.4 Performance Evaluation 48 3.4.1 Simulation Setup 48 3.4.2 Computation of pi 50 3.4.3 Simulation Results 51 3.5 Conclusions 53 IV. Performance Improvements on HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming 55 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Related Work 57 4.3 Problem Definition 59 4.4 Utility-aware Network-side Streaming Approach 62 4.4.1 Streaming Proxy (SP) 63 4.4.2 Message Flows 65 4.4.3 Characteristics 67 4.5 Bitrate Assignment 68 4.5.1 Bitrate Calculation 69 4.5.2 Enhancing Stability 70 4.5.3 Algorithm for Continuous Bitrates 71 4.5.4 Handling the Bottleneck of Wired Networks 71 4.6 Simulation 73 4.6.1 Static Scenario 73 4.6.2 Mobile Scenarios 75 4.6.3 Algorithm for Continuous Bitrates 77 4.7 Experiments 78 4.7.1 Implementation of DASH Player 79 4.7.2 Implementation of eNB 80 4.7.3 Implementation of Streaming Proxy 83 4.7.4 Experimental Results 83 4.8 Conclusion 87 V. Summary & FutureWork 89 Bibliography 92Docto

    A Study on Competition Structure among Container Ports

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    According to growth of world economy, container volume increases over 10% every year. Above all, China and Korea in Far East Asia are handling over a half of the world trade volumes. As a result of growing traffic, Carriers are promoting large vessels and trying to diversify shipping networks. Both Port Authorities and GTOs(Global Terminal Operators) also make efforts to create synergy through M&A and Joint Venture in order to adapt the changing environment. Busan port, which had ranked at 3rd busiest port following Singapore and Hong Kong in 2002, has been nudged out of 5th place. Growth of China ports threatens Korea ports to be a hub port in Far East Asia. Therefore, Korea ports are needed to establish competitive strategies to overcome a crisis of local ports. In this paper, The question, 'Who is my competitor ?' will be examined. There is different between this thesis and many studies that had been done before. Because, fore studies focused on the competitive factors or port efficiencies. Prior to study, the meaning of competition among ports had been summarized through existing literatures. Next based on import-export traffic of five local ports including Busan, competition structure among ports is researched. Futhermore, competition among Busan, Gwangyang, Shanghai and Shenzhen port could be revealed by transshipment volume. As a result, Busan and Gwangyang port are competing each other on the basis of import-export volume and growth of Incheon port affects Busan negatively. On the basis of transshipment, main competitor of Busan is not Shanghai or Shenzhen but Gwangyang. Comprehensively, the fact that Busan and Gwangyang are competing each other is more important than competition among Chinese ports. Marketing which was used to carry out independently such as incentive program makes ports compete each other. These competitions in local market can affirmatively secure shipment. With regard to serious competition and the weakness of increase rate of volume, however, it is assumed that cutthroat competition among local ports will happen. Accordingly, it is necessary to expand cooperation with port authorities and discuss detailed matters such as incentive program. Then it is expected that serious competition among local ports can be avoided through cooperation with port authorities and they can increase continuously volume and attract carriers.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  2 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™” 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•ด์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 5 1. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 5 2. ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 7 3. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 9 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ดํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 11 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 16 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ถ„์„ 24 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 24 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  26 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ถ„์„(์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„) 26 2. ๋‹จ์œ„๊ทผ ๊ฒ€์ •(Unitroot test) 28 3. ์˜ค์ฐจ์ˆ˜์ •๋ชจํ˜•(Error correction model) 35 4. ํ•ญ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„(Causality) ๊ฒ€์ • 40 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ 44 1. ํ•ญ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ถ„์„(์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž… ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•) 44 2. ํ•ญ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ถ„์„(ํ™˜์  ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜• I) 59 3. ํ•ญ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ถ„์„(ํ™˜์  ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜• II) 71 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 89 1. ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž… ํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ 89 2. ํ™˜์  ํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ(๋ชจํ˜•I) 91 3. ํ™˜์  ํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ(๋ชจํ˜•II) 93 4. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 95 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์šด์˜ 102 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 112 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  112 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 113 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 11

    Acute Fulminant Myocarditis Recovered from Electro-Mechanical Dissociation in Scrub Typhus

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    Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an acute febrile illness. Characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease are fever, rash and eschar. However, severe complications might rarely occur, such as acute fulminant myocarditis caused by scrub typhus. Thus, there are few reports of recovery from seriously complicated cases. We report on an adult male with scrub typhus complicated with acute fulminant myocarditis with no previous comorbid illness who recovered successfully with proper treatment including antibiotics, ventilator support, percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, and continuous renal replacement therapy.ope

    A Case of Pancreatic Metastasis From a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Mimicking Pancreatic Cancer

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    Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a good prognosis and a low incidence of distant metastases. It is extremely rare for PTC to metastasize to the pancreas. Only five cases have been previously reported worldwide. Most cases are discovered incidentally by abdominal computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) during follow-up studies after thyroidectomies. Pancreatic metastasis of PTC is usually unidentifiable by a whole-body I131 scan, a common follow-up modality. When a pancreatic mass is found in patients with PTC, it must be differentiated from pancreatic cancer. In previous reports, patients with pancreatic metastases of PTC underwent operations for therapeutic diagnosis or underwent fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). However, it is unclear whether the benefit of an operation outweighs the risk. We experienced a case of PTC with pancreatic metastasis that was found on PET-CT. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed to evaluate the characteristics of the pancreatic mass and pathological confirmation was obtained cytologically via EUS-FNA.ope

    The learning curve for colorectal stent insertion for the treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction.

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    BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) insertion by evaluating the learning curve in relation to the experience of an endoscopist. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 120 SEMS insertion procedures performed by one endoscopist in patients with malignant colorectal obstruction. We compared the technical and clinical success rates, complication rates, and duration of the procedures by quartiles. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients (76 men and 44 women) was 64.6 years. The overall technical success rate was 95.0% (114/120), and the clinical success rate was 90.0% (108/120). The median procedure duration was 16.2 minutes (range, 3.4 to 96.5 minutes). From the first to the last quartile, the technical success rates were 90.0%, 96.7%, 96.7%, and 96.7% (p=0.263), and the clinical success rates were 90.0%, 90.0%, 96.7%, and 83.3% (p=0.588), respectively. Procedure-related complications were observed in 28 patients (23.3%). The complication rates for SEMS insertion when patients were divided by quartiles were 26.7%, 23.3%, 10.0%, and 33.3% (p=0.184), respectively. Moreover, the number of stents per procedure was 1.13, 1.03, 1.00, and 1.00 (p=0.029), respectively. The median duration of SEMS insertion decreased significantly, 20.9 to 14.8 minutes after the first 30 procedures (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: An experienced endoscopist was able to perform the SEMS insertion procedure easily and effectively after performing 30 SEMS insertions.ope
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