68 research outputs found
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Since the 1950s, to rebuild the nation devastated by the Korean War, the Korean government implemented state-led economic development by promoting industrial policies, especially in the manufacturing sector. As a result, it led to high concentration of industries in Seoul, Incheo and the Southeast coastal regions, where geographical conditions were more appropriate, which in turn caused regional imbalance problems. Since the 1980s, various policies have aimed at promoting the re-balancing of the national development. However, the economic level of the Honam region is still in the middle and lower regions of the country. It is time to re-examine the manufacturing industry in the Honam region and research to promote industrial development policies based on regional characteristics.
This study empirically analyses the effects of the localization and urbanization economies on the manufacturing industry in order to understand which factors of the Honam region's regional economy are affected by the external effects of industrial agglomeration. Further, it includes industrial development policy recommendations based on the characteristics of the region. The agglomeration economies are divided into a localization economies based on the agglomeration of similar industries and an urbanization economies based on the agglomeration of various industries. Various studies have been conducted both nationally and internationally. However, most preceded studies made analyses of the agglomeration economy by comparison between metropolitan governmental bodies or capital-non capital areas. This approach has the limitation to identify regionβs inherent characteristics.
This study constructs and analyses panel data from 2007 to 2018 of the manufacturing industry of 41 municipalities in the Honam region using data gathered from the National Statistical Office. Using long-term panel data for increasing the credibility of this study and analyzing the Honam region as a functionally related, unified living area for the agglomeration economy throughout related municipalities in the region, this study is distinguished from other previous studies. It can be said that there is a difference between them. The policy implications derived from the results of this study are the following.
First, the industrial specialization was having a positive effect on the local economy in most regions and industries, and was having the greatest influence among the external effects of industrial agglomeration. It means that local governments' policies to develop industries, such as designating and fostering specialized industries, have achieved effective results.
Second, the industrial competition was having a negative impact on the local economy in some regions and industries. It means that if only an increase in the number of firms is pursued for industrial integration, it will increase the competition between firms and act as a negative factor for the local economy. Therefore, policies for fostering local businesses as well as attracting new ones should be considered.
Third, industrial diversity was having a positive impact on the local economy in some regions and industries on a smaller level than industrial specialization. It can be said that exchanges between various industries affect the innovation and productivity improvement of companies and lead to the growth of the local economy. Therefore, it would be necessary to have a policy that enables the integration of various industries and exchanges between companies, focusing on related companies of the industry.
Fourth, the external effects of industrial agglomeration were different for each industry. Therefore, it will be necessary to implement policies considering industrial characteristics in order to efficiently implement industrial integration policies for regional economic growth.
Fifth, as a result of empirical analysis by classifying the Honam region as a metropolitan region, it was found that the external effect of industrial agglomeration had a greater influence when analyzed as a metropolitan region than the result of analyzing each central city in metropolitan region. Therefore, it would be desirable to implement policies for industrial development in groups of related cities rather then targeting a single city.
Finally, each metropolitan local government in the Honam region has pursued various policies to foster local industries, but the influence of the external effects of industrial agglomeration differs depending on the region and industry. This can be seen as an insufficient consideration of the regional characteristics and appropriate size in promoting the policy. It can be difficult to analyze the appropriate level of industrial aggregation, but it should be discussed clearly and fundamentally prior to policy implementation.1950λ
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μμ°κ³Όνλν ννλΆ, 2018. 2. λ°μΆ©λͺ¨.Plants are sessile organisms that must respond to changes in their environments. They should be able to tolerate environmental constraints to survive and propagate. To cope with inadequate environmental conditions, plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms through the gene regulatory network. Many transcriptional regulators including transcription factors directly or indirectly control their downstream gene expressions in response to environmental changes. INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION (ICE) transcription factors have a crucial role in transcriptional regulation of their target gene expressions in response to environmental stimuli. However, it is largely unknown how environmental signals are integrated into plant developmental pathways in Arabidopsis.
In this study, I investigated function of ICE transcription factors as a molecular knob that integrate environmental signals into plant development. The regulatory mechanisms of the transcription factors, which are critical for temperature and light reponses, were identified.
In Chapter 1, I examined how the temperature and photoperiod signals are coordinated to modulate timing of flowering during changing seasons. In this study, I demonstrated an elaborate signaling network for fine-tuning of seasonal flowering in plants. I found that the transient-cold effect on flowering is mediated primarily by ICE1. ICE1 directly activates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) under short-term cold conditions. By contrast, under floral promotive conditions, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), which is largely known as a floral inducer, inhibited the DNA binding of ICE1 to the FLC and C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 3 gene promoters, inducing flowering with a reduction of freezing tolerance. These observations indicate that optimal flowering of plants during changing seasons is fine-tuned by an ICE1-FLC-SOC1 signaling network.
In Chapter 2, I investigated how light induces stomatal development. In this study, I found that CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) degrades and ubiquitinates ICE proteins under dark conditions. Moreover, light inhibited COP1-mediated degradation of ICE proteins in the abaxial epidermal cells, thus inducing stomatal development. These observations indicate that photostabilization of ICE proteins, via light-mediated inhibition of COP1-mediated protein surveillance systems, is important for stomatal development.BACKGROUND 1
1. Temperature-mediated adaptive responses in plants 1
1.1 Role of ICE1 in acquiring cold acclimation. 1
1.2 Short-term exposure to cold temperature delays flowering in Arabidopsis. 2
1.3 The broader role of ICE1 in plant development 3
2. Light-mediated stomatal development in Arabidopsis 6
2.1 Stomatal differentiation and patterning in Arabidopsis 6
2.2 Light is required for inducing stomatal development. 7
2.3 COP1 is a photomorphogenic repressor. 9
3. The purpose of this study 10
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Plant materials and growth conditions 11
2. Gene expression analysis 13
3. Transcriptional regulation activity assay 14
4. ICE1 protein stability assay 15
5. ChIP assay 16
6. Yeast two-hybrid assay 16
7. BiFC assay 17
8. in vitro pull-down assay 17
9. Coimmunoprecipitation assay 18
10. Freezing tolerance assay 19
11. Flowering time measurement 19
12. Intermittent cold treatment and vernalization 19
13. Fluorescent imaging and microscopic analysis 20
14. Ubiquitination assay 20
15. SI measurement 20
16. Statistical analysis 20
CHAPTER 1. 24
ABSTRACT 25
INTRODUCTION 26
RESULTS 29
FLC expression is reduced in the early-flowering ice1- 2 mutant. 29
ICE1 activates FLC by binding to the gene promoter. 33
ICE1 activates the FLC gene under cold temperature conditions. 40
ICE1 interacts with SOC1 in the nucleus. 42
SOC1 inhibits ICE1 binding to FLC promoter in promoting flowering. 46
SOC1 inhibits ICE1 binding to CBF3 promoter in inducing cold acclimation. 52
DISCUSSION 60
CHAPTER 2. 65
ABSTRACT 66
INTRODUCTION 67
RESULTS 71
Light induces ICE accumulation in the nuclei of leaf abaxial epidermal cells. 71
COP1 interacts with ICE proteins. 74
COP1 ubiquitinates ICE proteins. 81
COP1 degrades ICE proteins through ubiquitin/proteasome pathway 85
Light inhibits COP1-mediated degradation of ICE proteins 98
Light-mediated stabilization of ICE proteins is critical for stomatal development. 100
ICE proteins integrate light and developmental signals into stomatal development. 110
DISCUSSION 116
REFERENCES 121
PUBLICATION LIST 138
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 139Docto
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