45 research outputs found
Establishment of an Experimental Protocol for Neural Crest Cell Lineage Tracing in Mouse Embryos
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Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μκ³Όλν μκ³Όνκ³Ό, 2020. 8. μ΅λ¬΄λ¦Ό.Introduction: Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent cells, which arise in the ectoderm during embryogenesis, migrate through the embryo and give rise to a wide range of tissues including smooth muscle cells, melanocytes, Schwann cells and neurons. Accumulated evidence over the past decades suggests that intricate molecular regulation underlies NCC development. Any errors in this process result in congenital defects in humans, including cleft lips and palates, inherited forms of melanoma, DiGeorge/Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), persistent truncus arteriosus and patent ductus arteriosus. Despite accumulating studies, accurate genetic picture underlying the complex nature of NCC migration and differentiation remains elusive. I explored NCC development using lineage-traceable cell clones in developing mouse embryos and established experimental protocols for this purpose.
Methods: NCC lineage was traced using CellTag lentivirus in Wnt1-cre;R26R-tomato mouse embryos. In vitro culture was established to study trunk NCC development of embryonic day (E) 9.5 mouse embryos for a 24-hour period and in utero injection was established to study NCC development of E12.5 to E18.5 mouse embryo brain for six days. Single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the E10.5 embryonic torso and the E18.5 embryonic brain was performed and sequencing results were analyzed.
Results: A method to inject CellTag lentivirus, a lineage tracing system, into E9.5 mouse embryos was designed. A culture chamber method for 24-hour in vitro culture was established, and tdTomato fluorescence was observed in the embryo after the culture. To model DGS in mouse, the LgDel (Large Deletion) embryos were recovered using the cryopreservation method, and the wildtype and LgDel mice were propagated. As a result of analyzing scRNA-seq data from E10.5 embryos, cardiac muscle and vascular development clusters were uncovered. In contrast, single cell analysis of E18.5 mouse embryo brain resulted in glia cell and neuron differentiation clusters.
Discussion: I aimed to trace NCC lineage to resolve the complex molecular mechanism of NCC development in mouse embryos. For this purpose, a lineage tracing system called CellTag was used. However, in order to obtain reads mapped to the CellTag region, an additional PCR step using CellTag specific primers would be necessary. In conclusion, I established experimental protocols for lineage tracing with scRNA-seq, with minor modifications. They can be used to gain insight into the complex relationships between developing cells and to discover novel genes involved in NCC development.μ κ²½λ₯μ μΈν¬ (neural crest cell; NCC) λ λ°μ μ€μ λ°°μμμ λ€λΆνλ₯μ κ°μ§κ³ μ΄λνλ μΈν¬ μ§λ¨μΌλ‘, ννκ·Ό μΈν¬, λ©λΌλ
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μ²μ₯-μ¬μ₯-μΌκ΅΄ μ¦νκ΅° (DiGeorge/Velo-cardio-facial syndrome; DGS), μ΄λλ§₯κ°κ°μ‘΄κ³Ό λλ§₯κ΄μ΄λ¦Όμ¦μ ν¬ν¨ν μΈκ°μ μ μ²μ μΈ κ²°ν¨μ μ΄λνλ€. λ°λ¬νλ μ₯ λ°°μμμ κ³ν΅ μΆμ μ΄ κ°λ₯ν μΈν¬ ν΄λ‘ μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ NCCλ₯Ό μ°κ΅¬νκ³ , μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ μ€ν νλ‘ν μ½μ ν립νλ€.
μ κ²½λ₯μ μΈν¬ κ³ν΅μ Wnt1-cre;R26R-tomato μ₯μμ μ
νκ·Έ (CellTag) λ ν°λ°μ΄λ¬μ€λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ¬ μΆμ λμλ€. λ°°μμΌ (embryonic; E) 9.5 μμ₯ λ°°μμ 24μκ° λμ λͺΈν΅ NCC λ°λ¬μ μ°κ΅¬νκΈ° μν μ²΄μΈ λ°°μλ²μ ν립νκ³ , E12.5λΆν° E18.5κΉμ§ 6μΌ λμ μμ₯ λ°°μμ λμμ NCC λ°λ¬μ μ°κ΅¬νκΈ° μν μκΆ λ΄ μ£Όμ
λ²μ ν립νλ€. E10.5 λ°°μ λͺΈν΅κ³Ό E18.5 λ°°μ λμ λ¨μΌ μΈν¬ μΌκΈ°μμ΄ (single-cell sequencing; scRNA-seq)μ μννκ³ μΌκΈ°μμ΄ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λΆμνμλ€.
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μΈ CellTag λ ν°λ°μ΄λ¬μ€λ₯Ό E9.5 μ₯ λ°°μμ μ£Όμ
νλ λ°©λ²μ μ€κ³νλ€. 24μκ° μ²΄μΈ λ°°μμ λν λ°°μ λ°©λ²μ ν립νκ³ , λ°°μ ν λ°°μμμ tdTomato νκ΄μ΄ κ΄μ°°λμλ€. μμ₯μ DGS λͺ¨λΈλ§μ μν΄ LgDel λ°°μλ₯Ό 볡μνμ¬, wild type μ₯μ LgDel μ₯λ₯Ό λ²μμμΌ°λ€. E10.5 λ°°μμμ scRNA-seq λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό λΆμν κ²°κ³Ό μ¬μ₯ κ·Όμ‘κ³Ό νκ΄ λ°λ¬ ν΄λ¬μ€ν°κ° λ°κ²¬λλ€. λμ‘°μ μΌλ‘ E18.5 λ§μ°μ€ λ°°μ λ λ¨μΌ μΈν¬ λΆμμ κ΅μ§ μΈν¬ λΆνμ λ΄λ° λΆν ν΄λ¬μ€ν°κ° λμλ€.
λ³ΈμΈμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμ μμ₯ λ°°μμμ NCC λ°λ¬μ 볡μ‘ν λΆμ λ©μ»€λμ¦μ ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ NCC κ³ν΅μ μΆμ νλ κ²μ λͺ©νλ‘ νλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ CellTagλΌλ κ³ν΅ μΆμ μμ€ν
μ μ΄μ©νλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ CellTag μμμ 맡νλ 리λλ₯Ό μ»μΌλ €λ©΄, CellTag νΉμ΄μ μΈ νλΌμ΄λ¨Έλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ μΆκ° PCR λ¨κ³κ° νμν κ²μ΄λ€. κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘, κ³ν΅ μΆμ μ ν΅ν scRNA-seqμ λν μ€ν νλ‘ν μ½μ μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ ν립νκ³ , μ΄ νλ‘ν μ½μ μ½κ°μ μμ λ§μΌλ‘ λ°λ¬ μΈν¬ μ¬μ΄μ 볡μ‘ν κ΄κ³λ₯Ό λΆμνκ³ NCC λ°λ¬μ κ΄λ ¨λ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ μλ₯Ό λ°κ²¬νλ λ° μ¬μ©λ μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€.INTRODUCTION 1
Neural crest cell development in early embryos 1
The diseases of defective NCC development 4
Using single-cell sequencing to understand NCC development 5
Principles of lineage tracing 8
MATERIALS AND METHODS 10
CellTag library system setup 10
Lentivirus 12
Mouse embryo experiments 14
Mouse models 16
Single cell analysis 19
RESULTS 22
CellTag library system setup 22
Mouse embryo culture setup 25
Mouse models setup 34
Single cell analysis 38
DISCUSSION 48
BIBLIOGRAPHY 51
κ΅λ¬Έ μ΄λ‘ 53Maste