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    Daphnia magna์™€ Aliivibrio fischeri๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›ํ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์„ฑ ์†Œ์—ผ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ 3์ข…์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋…์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์ตœ๊ฒฝํ˜ธ.๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์„ฑ ์†Œ์—ผ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ(Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) ์ค‘ ๋‹ค๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํŽœ(IBP), ๋””ํด๋กœํŽ˜๋‚™(DCF), ๋‚˜ํ”„๋ก์„ผ(NPX)์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์„ฑ ์†Œ์—ผ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋งํ•œ ๋ณ‘์› ํ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ์ž…์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ OECD ์ง€์นจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ƒํƒœ๋…์„ฑ ๊ณต์ •์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์ธ Daphnia magna 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ Aliivibrio fischerii๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Microtox assayโ“‡๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Daphnia magna๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” Daphnia magna ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋…์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ IBP, DCF, NPX์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›ํ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ NSAIDs์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. D. magna์˜ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ Microtox assayโ“‡์—์„œ NSAIDs ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†๋„ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. D. magna 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ์ถœ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ค€์น˜์‚ฌ ๋†๋„์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์˜ ๋†๋„ ์˜์กด์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” Concentratoin addition (CA) ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด NSAIDs ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋…์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋†’์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” NSAIDs์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ „์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณ‘์›ํ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์€ ๋…์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘์›ํ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋…์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›ํ์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์™ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ์ˆ˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” NSAIDs๊ฐ€ ๋…์„ฑํ•™์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋†๋„(mg/L)๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋†๋„(ng/L)์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋…์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋…์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................1 2. Materials and Methods.......................................................................................3 2.1. Selection of target chemicals, and mixture................................................................3 2.2. Hospital wastewater samples and chemical characterization................................4 2.2.1. Chemicals..........................................................................................................................4 2.2.2. Laboratory analyses......................................................................................................4 2.2.3. Sampling...........................................................................................................................4 2.3. Daphnia magna 48 h acute toxicity assay.................................................................5 2.4. Daphnia magna 1 h heartbeat assays..........................................................................6 2.5. Microtox assayโ“‡..................................................................................................................7 2.6. Prediction of mixture toxicities......................................................................................8 2.7. Statistical analysis..............................................................................................................9 3. Results................................................................................................................................10 3.1. Target chemicals and mixture......................................................................................10 3.2. Individual chemical toxicity...........................................................................................11 3.3. Toxicity of ternary NSAIDs mixtures.......................................................................13 3.4. Toxicity of site collected hospital wastewater........................................................16 3.5. Daphnia magna heartbeat rate test............................................................................19 4. Discussion.......................................................................................................................24 5. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................26 6. References.......................................................................................................................27 Abstract in Korean.......................................................................................................35Maste

    (A) correlation study for the degree of the uncertainty in illness and the coping style with state anxeity

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์š”์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฏผํ˜•์ด ์–ต์••ํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ž…์›์‹œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ถˆํ™”์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์จ, ์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 1984๋…„ 4์›” 13์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์›” 4์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 20์ผ๊ฐ„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด์˜ Y๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์† S๋ณ‘์›, Y๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ K์˜๋ฃŒ์›์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋‚ด๊ณผ, ์™ธ๊ณผํ™˜์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•œ 114๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฉด๋‹ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์ธก์ •์— Mishel์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œThe Mishel Uncertainty in illness Beale (MUIS) ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ณด์™„ํ•œํ›„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์˜ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Byrne์˜ Repression - Sensitization Scale์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Spielberger ์˜ State - Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)๋ฅผ ๊น€์ •ํƒ์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Partial Correlation Coefficient, Stepwise Miltiple Regression analysis๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ .๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์ด ๊ธฐํ˜ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ ( F = 3.733, p <.05 ), ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ( F = 3.148, P < .05 ), ์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์•„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ( F= 12.097, p < .001 ),์ˆœํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ณ„, ๋น„๋‡จ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค ( F + 3.094, p < .05 ). 2. ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ์€ ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์• ๋งค๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ, ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถˆ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ, ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ช…, ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ํ•œ๊ณ„ ,๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ 7๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผ๋ฏผํ˜•์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ( F=5.111, p<.05), ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผ๋ฏผํ˜•์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ( F=3.889, p<.05), ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ํ•˜์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผ๋ฏผํ˜• ์ด์˜€๋‹ค (F=5.04, p<.01). ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ (F=8.691, p<.01), ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๊ณ (F= 7.080, p<.01), ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์ž…์›์ด ์‘๊ธ‰์ž…์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค (F=4.240, p<.05). 4. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ1๊ฐ€์„ค, '์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค ' ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (r =.4924, p<.001). ์ œ2๊ฐ€์„ค, '๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์ด ๊ณผ๋ฏผํ˜•์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค ' ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (r=.6037, p<.001). 5. ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ .์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ํ•™๋ ฅ, ์ž…์›์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค : r=.3599, p<.001). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ 1๊ฐ€์„ค์ธ, '์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™”์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6. ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์ด 36.45%, ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด 8. 5%, ์ž…์›์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 2.33%, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด 1.52%, ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด 0.11%๋กœ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ 49.4%์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ,์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ์จ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Most patients are concern more about their illness when they are hospitalized. Uncertainty in their illness often causes internal stress and as a result they become overly anxious. Everybody has his or her own way of coping when faced with such stress factors, and each person uses their own methods to reduce the anxiety. Individually unique coping styles can generally be classified into two groups, repression and sensitization. And in emergency situation, a person who uses sensitized coping style tends to exhibit higher level of anxiety than a person who uses repressed coping style does. Consequently this study is aimed at exploring the relationship between the uncertainty in illness and the anxiety of hospitalized patients, and further to see which coping styles are used by patients in relationship to anxiety, thereby proposing a basis for efficient, effective nursing intervention. The subjects of this study were l14 patients randomly selected in medical and surgical wards of three general hospitals in Seoul. A formalized questionaires consisting of 79 items was used in the survey. The Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale. Byrne's Repression-Sensitization Scale and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety In-ventory were used to measure the uncertainty in illness, the coping style, and the anxiety of the patient respectively. A protest was conducted on the questionaire items for the reliability. The results gathered were analized by means of statistical methods such as ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient , Partial Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The conclusions of this analysis are summarized as follows : 1. Patients exhibit a decreasing degree of uncertainty in accordance with the following order of illness in symptoms; circulatory system, respiratory system, castro-intestinal system, endocrine system, and urogenital system (F=3.094, p<.05). A higher level of uncertainty was seen among unmarried respondants (F=3.733, p<.05), less educated respondants (F=3.148, p<.05), and respondants who did not know the diagnosis (F=12.097, p<.001). 2. The uncertainty in illness is analized to contain one or more of the following seven factors : ambiguity, unpredictability, lack of information, incomplete diagnosis, vague explanation and unclear extent of responsibility healed by each member of the medical team, fluctuating course of symptom remissions and exacerbations, and lack of communication. 3. For testing the hypothesis, coping style and state anxiety were measured. It was observed that sensitization coping style is prevalent among woman over man (F=5.111, p<.05)less educated over well educated (F=3.889, p<.05), and rich over poor (F=5.04, p<.01). The state anxiety, was noted as having a higher level among woman (F=8-691, p<.01), less educated (P=7.080, p<.01), and planned admitted patients (F=4.240,p<.05). 4. The first hypothesis that patients who feel higher level of uncertainty in their illness show higher degree of anxiety was supported with the statistics of r=0.4924 and p<.001 against the alternative hypothesis. And the second hypothesis that patients who exhibit sensitized coping styles feel higher levels of anxiety was also supported with the statistics of r=0.6037 and p<.001. 5. Even with covariating, coping styles affecting state anxiety, and general characteristics of individual patients such as sex, level of educational and kind of illness, a correlation was noted between uncertainty and state anxiety and was supported(r=.3559, p<.001). This confirms the first hypothesis more strongly in a statistical sense. 6. A total of the variance in state anxiety was explained in terms of coping style (36.45%), uncertainty in illness(8.5%), planned or emergency admission (2.33%), sex (l.52%), and level of education (0.11%). From the above results , it appears that predicting and controlling the uncertainty in illness by considering coping style of each patient would be necessary for an improved, efficient nursing intervention.restrictio

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋งŒ์‚ญ์•„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์˜ˆ์ •์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ์ฐ ๋ถ„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š”์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๋‘๋ ค์›€, ์Šฌํ””,์ฃ„์˜์‹, ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๊ฐ, ์šฐ์šธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ์–‘์œกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋˜์–ด ์–‘์œก์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–‘์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 5์ฃผ๋™์•ˆ 5ํšŒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ฒ˜์น˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์‹คํ—˜์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 1998๋…„ 10์›” 10์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1999๋…„ 4์›” 30์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€์ด๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋™์ผ์‹œ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ D๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ F๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 27๋ช…, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 23๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด 50๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒ˜์น˜์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ํ‡ด์› ์ „ 5-10์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 4์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ 5์ฃผ๊ฐ„ 5ํšŒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ Profile of Mood State๋ฅผ Lee(1990)๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์ฒ™๋„(Wolke ๋“ฑ, 1987)๋ฅผ ์ž„ํ˜œ๊ฒฝ(1999)์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ Norbeck์˜ NSSQ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€์‹ค(1984)์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์•„๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” Degree of BotherInventory๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ดํ˜œ๊ฒฝ(1992)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ frequency, chi-square test์™€ t-test๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด Repeated MANOVA๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒ˜์น˜ ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€, ์•„๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์งˆ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 2์ฐจ ์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 4์ฃผ์‹œ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ t-test๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ œ 1 ๊ฐ€์„ค์ธ "์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ •์„œ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์ง€์•Š์€๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค." ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. (t: ,799, p=.429). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ •์„œ(49.68)๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(51.38)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ 2 ๊ฐ€์„ค์ธ "์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ•  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(t: 3.667, p=.001). ์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญ์ฐฐ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ •์„œ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š”, ํ‡ด์› ์ „์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋†’์•„ ํ‰๊ท  52.29๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ‡ด์› ํ›„์— ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ ํ‰๊ท  49.68๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์› 4์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  50.07๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์› 6์ฃผ์ผํ›„์—๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  49.22๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š”, ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 3์ผ์งธ์— ํ‰๊ท  31.07์ด๊ณ  ํ‡ด์› 4์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„์— ํ‰๊ท  36.75๋กœ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‡ด์› 6์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  37.74๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•„์ ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. 4. ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Repeated MANOVA๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ •์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Wilks value= .80690, p= .154),๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Wilks value = .48861, p = .000). ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ 1์ฐจ ์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 3์ผ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 4์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(F=17.49, p=.000 ), 1์ฐจ ยท 2์ฐจ ์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ, ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 3์ผ ยทํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 4์ฃผ์™€ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 6์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ(F=22.97, p=.000 ) ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋†’ํ˜€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ ์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ, ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์ธ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] It is the big crises to mother who delivers a premature earlier than expected delivery date and she is experiencing anxiety, hostility, fear, guilt, powerless, depression etc related to her premature. Mother of a premature usually feels lack of confidence and wants to get more information on the knowledge of properly caring her premature baby. One effective method in mitigating such anxiety is the social support intervention. The social support Intervention is known to induce improved mood state and provide information on caretaking so as to increase the matemal confidence in the mother of a premature. To systematically investigate its effect, this study employed a nonequivalent randomized post-repeated quasi -experimental design. The intervention was given individually to mothers of prematures five times spanning five weeks. The sample consisted of the 50 mothers of a premature hospitalized in two huspitals in Taegu during October 10, 1998 and April 30, 1999. In the sample, twenty seven mothers were the expenmental group and the remaining twenty three were the control group. The social support intervention in the form of an expenmental treatment was provided individually five times during a period from five to tendays before her baby's dischargeto four weeks after the discharge. The data were collected usingt he structured questionalres twlce as post tests. Various instruments were used in this study. The Profile of Mood State developed by Lee(1990) was used to measure the mothers'mood state, Mother and Baby Scales by Wolke et al(1987) to measure the maternal confidence, and Norbeck Social Support Questionaire by Oh(1984) to measure the perceived social support. Also the degree of bother inventory (1992, Lee) was used to measure the baby's temperament. The collected data were analyzed by means of frequency, chi-square test, t-test, and repeated MANOVA using SPSS. The results are as follows: 1. Before the experimental treatment there existed no statistically significant difference in general characteristics such as parents age and weights between the experimental group and the control group, indicating tile homogeneity of the two groups 2. For the hypothesis test to see the effect of the social support intervention, the mean of the experimental group and the control group was compared by means of t-test and the following results are obtained. Hypothesis โ… . " The mood state of mothers with social support intervention Is more positive than that of the mothers without such intervention." was not statistically supported and thus discarded ( t=.799, p=.425). However the mean scores were 49.68 and 51.38 for the experimantal and control group, respectively, indicating more positive mood for the experimental group. Hypothesis โ…ก. "The maternal confidence of mothers with social support intervention is higher than that of the mothers without the intervention." was statistically supported (t=3.667,p= .001) . 3. The mean score of the mood state was highest before discharge (52.29), meaning most negative, declined to 49.68 shortly after the discharge, again increased a bit to 50.07 at four weeks after the discharge, and stabilized to 49.22 around six weeks after the discharge. On the other hand the mean score of the maternal confidence was 31.07 at three days of the discharge, increased to 36.75 at four weeks after the discharge, and further increased to 37.74 around six weeks of discharge, indicating that the confidence increased with time. 4. To statistically examine the changes in the mood state and the maternal confidence with time, Repeated MANOVA was applied to the collected data. There found to be no statistically significant changes (W=.8069, p=.154) in the mood state, but in the maternal confidence, the changes were statistically significant(W=.48861, p=.000). The experimental group showed significant changes In the material confidence from three days to four weeks after the discharge (F=17.49, p=.000), and from three days four weeks after the discharge to six weeks after thedischarge (F=72.97, p=.000). In view of the above results, it is concluded that the social support intervention with a preprogrammed protocol has the definite positive effect on increasing the material confidence andpositive effect on improving mother's mood state.restrictio

    Elementary school teachers' strategies for coping with critical incidents related to experiments and their epistemological beliefs

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(ํ™”ํ•™์ „๊ณต),2011.2. ๋…ธํƒœํฌ.Maste
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