278 research outputs found

    Comparison of Parenting Stress between Married Migrants and Korean Women

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare parenting stress between married migrant women and Korean women. Methods: Subjects were 68 married migrant women and 70 Korean women raising children aged seven years or younger, living in three different cities in Gangwon Do. To measure parenting stress, we used Kims (1997) questionnaire that had been modified from Richard & Abidins (1990) Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in age, academic credentials, job, monthly income, and achievement of maternal role. No statistically significant differences were found for parenting stress scores (p<.355), but there was a significant difference in the child characteristics of parenting stress (p<.007) between the two groups. There were no differences in the demographic variables influencing parenting stress between the two groups. Conclusion: The development of multi-cultural parenting and family support programs should consider the nationality and marital satisfaction of the family

    Cystic Lesion with Sinus Tract and Pathologic Migration of the Third Molar

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    There are many case reports about cysts within the bones of the jaws associated with impacted third molars. When osmotic pressure is introduced into a cyst, the cyst expands and displaces the third molar. If continuity of cyst wall is lost, cystic expansion cannot occur, and the cyst cannot displace the third molar. This study analyzed four cases of pathologic migration of the third molar in ruptured cystic lesions that had formed bone tunnels and intraoral fistulas to identify the causes and factors ontributing to this migration. Authors hypothesized that closure of fistulas repeated generation of pressure, it may temporarily increase the osmotic pressure within a cyst that has lost its continuity, causing displacement of the third molar. A cyst that has lost its continuity due to fistula formation within the oral cavity can cause ectopic displacement of the adjacent impacted teeth.ope

    Flora of Kwanghwa are of Incheon Metropolitan city

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    ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ์ธ์ฒœ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ตฐ์€ ์ธ์ฒœ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์„œ๋ถ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ• ํ•˜๊ตฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„œํ•ด๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ํ™ฉํ•ด๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฑ์‹œ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์ธ์ ‘ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊น€ํฌ์‹œ์™€๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋Œ€๊ต์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ดˆ์ง€๋Œ€๊ต๊ฐ€ ์œก์ง€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋„, ๊ต๋™๋„, ์„๋ชจ๋„์˜ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํฐ ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋™๊ฒ€๋„, ๋ฏธ๋ฒ•๋„, ๋ณผ์Œ๋„, ์„œ๊ฒ€๋„, ์•„์ฐจ๋„, ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋„, ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž‘์€์„ฌ์„ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ 15๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฌ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋„“์€ ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฉด์ ์ด 411.304ใŽข๋กœ ๋‚จ๋ถ 27km, ๋™์„œ 16km๋กœ ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€ 165.174ใŽข(40%), ์ž„์•ผ 182.189ใŽข(44%), ๊ธฐํƒ€ 51.670ใŽข(16%)๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์‚ผ, ํ™”๋ฌธ์„, ์ˆœ๋ฌด, ์•ฝ์‘ฅ, ์„ฌ์Œ€ ๋“ฑ ์ง€์—ญํŠน์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋†์—…์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์ •์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ถ•์กฐ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์€ ๋…๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ „์„ ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ•ด์•ˆ์ผ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์ง€ํ˜•๊ฒฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌธํ™”, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ž์›๋“ค์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์กด๋œ๋‹ค..

    Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis extending to the temporal bone: a report of two cases

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    Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign lesion originating from the synovial membrane. It presents as adhesive or non-adhesive intra-articular cartilaginous loose bodies. Although the causes of synovial chondromatosis have not been fully elucidated, inflammation, external injury, or excessive use of joints have been suggested as possible causes. Synovial chondromatosis has been reported to occur most frequently at large joints that bear weights, with a rare occurrence at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). When synovial chondromatosis develops at TMJ, clinical symptoms, including pain, joint sounds, and mouth opening may common. Moreover, synovial chondromatosis rarely spreads to the mandibular condyle, glenoid cavity, or articular eminence of TMJ. The goal of this study was to discuss the methods of surgery and other possible considerations by reviewing cases of patients who underwent surgery for synovial chondromatosis that extended to the temporal bone.ope

    Impact of increasing outpatient coinsurance rate of tertiary care hospitals on outpatient utilization : focusing on diabetes melitus

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฆํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2009๋…„ 7์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์š”์–‘๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋น„์šฉ์˜ 50%์—์„œ 60%๋กœ ์ธ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ธ ๋‹น๋‡จ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ƒ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ธ์ƒ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ธ์ƒ ์ „์ธ 2008๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2009๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› ์™ธ๋ž˜์ด์šฉ์ž ์ค‘ ์ธ์ƒ ํ›„์ธ 2009๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 20์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ 173,980๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  10% ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ์ƒ ์ „์— ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ ํ™˜์ž์˜ 12.7%๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ์ƒ ํ›„ ๋‹น๋‡จ ํ™˜์ž 1์ธ๋‹น ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ผ์ˆ˜, 1์ธ๋‹น ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ฐ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋‹น ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํƒ€ ์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๋„ ์‹œํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์ฒด ์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ผ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ธ์ƒ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ธ์ƒ ์ œ๋„ ์‹œํ–‰ ํ›„ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ 1์ธ๋‹น ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ผ์ˆ˜, 1์ธ๋‹น ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋‹น ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ธ์ƒ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ ์ „ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ น์ธต๊ณผ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์–ด, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํƒ€ ์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ธ์ƒ ์ œ๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌยท์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.restrictio

    (A) study on the noninvasive measurement of blood pressure in normal newborn

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์š”์ฆˆ์Œ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋น„๊ด€ํ˜ˆ์  ํ˜ˆ์••์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์ •์ƒ์น˜ ์„ค์ •์ด ํŽผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์™€ ์ขŒ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒํ•œ ์ƒํ›„ 1์ผ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋งŒ์‚ญ์•„๋กœ ์ง„๋™๋ฒ• (Oscillometric device)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ํญ์ด ํŒ”๋‘˜๋ ˆ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๋‘˜๋ ˆ์˜ ์•ฝ40% ์ •๋„๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ญ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ•˜, ์ขŒ์šฐํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ขŒ์ธก๊ณผ ์šฐ์ธก, ์ƒ์ง€์™€ ํ•˜์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ์ƒํ›„ 7์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ƒ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด 73.1ยฑ7.7mmHg, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด 42.4ยฑ7.4mmHg์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ขŒ์ƒ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ 71.8ยฑ 7.2mmHg, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ 42.9ยฑ7.1mmHg ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ขŒํ•˜์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ 75.7ยฑ8.2mmHg, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ 41.8ยฑ6.2mmHg ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ น๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ์ƒํ›„ 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒํ›„ 7์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒํ›„ ์ผ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท  ๋™๋งฅ์••์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ์ผ๋ น์€ ์ • ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ผ๋ น๋ณ„ ์ขŒ์šฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ, ํ‰๊ท  ๋™๋งฅ์•• ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์ผ๋ น๋ณ„ ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์ƒ์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์••๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท  ๋™๋งฅ์••์€ ์ƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์ „ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ขŒ์ธก๊ณผ ์šฐ์ธก, ์ƒ์ง€์™€ ํ•˜์ง€์™€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ›„ ์ผ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท  ๋™๋งฅ์••์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ขŒ์šฐ ์ƒ์ง€์ค‘ ์ขŒ์ƒ์ง€๊ฐ€, ์ƒํ•˜์ง€์ค‘ ์ƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ•™์„ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ์ขŒ์šฐ ์ƒ์ง€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์ƒ์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์••๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Measurement of blood pressure in neonate is an important diagnostic procedure. But blood pressure measurements were not performed routinely because of difficulty in measuring blood pressure and variable normal range according to measuring apparatus. Recently some accurate and convinient apparatuses for measuring blood pressure have been introduced in neonatal care, so normal blood pressure values of neonate are needed. In this study, we established the normal range of blood pressure in neonates and compared the right and left upper extremity, and upper and lower extremity blood pressures. We examined 300 newborns, aging one day to seven day , delivered in Severance Hospital using two oscillometric device. The results could be summerized as the followings: 1. Mean values of systolic pressure measurements were as follows; Rt. upper extremity, 73.1ยฑ7.7mmHg (range 54.3 - 97.0 mmHg); Lt. upper extremity, 71.8ยฑ8.2mmHg (range 49.3 - 96.0 mmHg); Lt. lower extremity, 75.7ยฑ8.2 mmHg (range 52.0 - 99.0 mmHg). Mean values of diastolic pressure were as follows: Rt. upper extremity, 42.4ยฑ7.4 mmHg (range 25.3 - 68.7 mmHg): Lt. upper extremity, 42.9ยฑ7.1 mmHg (range 24.0 - 69.0 mmHg): Lt. lower extremity, 41.8ยฑ6.2 mmHg (range 28.0 - 63.0 mmHg). 2. Daily measurement of systolic, diastolic and mean pressures of four limbs showed steady rise during first week of life. 3. Systolic, diastolic and mean pressures between Rt. and Lt. upper extremity showed no significant difference. 4. Systolic pressures of lower extremities were significantly higher than upper extremities, but in diastolic and mean pressures there were no significant difference between upper and lower extremities.restrictio

    Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and health behaviors among Koreans

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    ์—ญํ•™๋ฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ 20์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‹ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ 1998๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ยท์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 20์„ธ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ 24,469๋ช… ์ค‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฉด์ ‘์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‹ํ–‰ํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์‹์ƒํ™œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ 7,854๋ช…์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2001๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์ œ 3์ฐจ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ(NCEP-ATPโ…ข)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ WHO ์•„์‹œ์•„/ํƒœํ‰์–‘์ง€์—ญ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ 20์„ธ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์€, NCEP-ATPโ…ข ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ 13.3%(๋‚จ์ž 10.1%, ์—ฌ์ž 16.0%), ์•„์‹œ์•„/ํƒœํ‰์–‘์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ 19.8%(๋‚จ์ž 16.7%, ์—ฌ์ž 22.4%)์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ๋ณต๋ถ€๋น„๋งŒ, ์ € HDL-์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์€ ์—ฌ์ž์—์„œ, ๊ณ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ๊ณต๋ณต์‹œ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์€ ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋ณด์œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ATPโ…ข ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ๋ณต๋ถ€๋น„๋งŒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 4๊ฐœํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ 70%์ด์ƒ์ด, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉํ˜ˆ์ฆ์€ 95.0%๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž์˜ 70%์ด์ƒ์ด ์ € HDL-์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉํ˜ˆ์ฆ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉํ˜ˆ์ฆ์„ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ 88.0%๊ฐ€, ๋ณต๋ถ€๋น„๋งŒ ๋ฐ ์ € HDL-์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์„ ์—ฌ์ž์˜ 80%์ด์ƒ์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‹ํ–‰ํƒœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, BMI๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••ยท๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ํ˜„์žฌ ํก์—ฐ์ž์˜ PACK- YEAR๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ž์ฃผ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ก, 1ํšŒ ์Œ์ฃผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ณผ์Œ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์˜์กด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ ํ˜น์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‹ํ–‰ํƒœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์Œ์ฃผยทํก์—ฐยท๋น„๋งŒยท์—ฐ๋ นยท๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ธฐํš ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ์นจ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์„ค์ • ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊นŠ์ด์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]While chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and diabetes have become more prominent causes of death among Koreans for the past decade, Metabolic syndrome has been regarded as one of the contributing factors especially for coronary artery diseases. The present study is to consider the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults at 20 years of age or older and to analyze the correlation between the health behaviors and metabolic syndrome. Method: Out of 24,469 adults at 20 year old and above participated in the Nationwide Health and Nutrition Survey in Korea in 1998, 7,854 subjects who responded to the four surveys: health Examination Survey (HES), Health Interview Survey (HIS), Health Behavior Survey (HBS), and the Nutrition Survey were chosen for the study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was analyzed based on the diagnosis criteria proposed in the National Cholesterol Education Program ATPIII (NCEP-ATP III), published in the United States in 2001. Also, WHO Asia Pacific criteria for waist circumference was used. Results: The prevalence rate among the subjects for metabolic syndrome was 13.3% (10.1 % among males and 16.0% among females) by using NCEP-ATPIII while 19.8% (16.7% among males and 22.4% among females) were by using the Asia Pacific criteria. Among the metabolic syndrome diagnosis items, abdominal obesity and low HDL cholesterol level were found to be higher in females while high triglyceride and fasting glucose levels were higher in males. The older the individual was, the higher the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was. According to the ATPIII criteria, 70% or more among males had four of the metabolic syndrome diagnostic items excluding abdominal obesity. In specific, 95.0 % of males had hypertriglyceridemia. 70% or more of females had low HDL cholesterol level and hypertriglyceridemia. Based on the Asia Pacific criteria, 88.0% of males had hypertriglyceridemia and 80% or more of females had abdominal obesity and low HDL cholesterol level. The analysis of the correlation between metabolic syndrome and health behavior indicated that lower education and marital status are the major indicators for the high risk of metabolic syndrome. The risk was elevated among the individuals with higher BMI, and the males with hypertension, stroke, and the family history of diabetes. The risk also was also found to be higher among the subjects who perceived they were not healthy, who experienced drastic changes in weights within the last one year, who smoked moderately or heavily, and who drink frequently and heavily. In specific, the more the weight loss there was, the higher risk of metabolic syndrome was found. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is fairly high among Korean adults. The onset of this condition is closely associated with drinking, smoking, obesity, age, education, etc. To prevent metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to implement multifaceted health promotion programs to target the risk factors. Further studies might be needed to establish more effective treatment regimen, to refine diagnostic criteria more appropriate for Koreans, and to identify other risk factors as well as the syndrome diagnostic indicators.ope

    Occupational solvent exposure and color vision impairment

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™,2008.2.Docto
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