114 research outputs found

    ν•΄λ©΄ν˜ˆκ΄€κΈ°ν˜• κ΄€λ ¨ λ‡Œμ „μ¦ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 약물적 치료의 μž₯기적 μ˜ˆν›„

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    Dept. of Medicine/석사Purpose: The study was conducted to assess the long-term outcome of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment in drug-na?ve patients with cavernous malformation related epilepsy (CRE) Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center, long-term observational study. Study included patients presented to the epilepsy clinic between 2000 and 2011 with previously untreated seizures related to MRI-proven, cavernous malformation (CM). All patients were followed-up for at least two years. Previous history of surgical or AEDs treatment, lack of EEG examination, no or only a single previous seizure were exclusion criteria. Seizure outcome was assessed on annual basis and patients were divided into two groups according to the success (Group 1) or failure (Group 2) to achieve terminal 1-year seizure remission (1-year TSR). Drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) was defined as two or more seizures per year after trial of two appropriate AEDs. Patients who had only one seizure during the previous one year were assigned as β€œepilepsy with rare seizure (ERS)”. Results: A total of 34 drug-na?ve patients (male 20) were included to the study. Mean duration of follow up was 5.88 Β± 3.15 years. Pre-treatment baseline mean and median seizure frequencies were 4.93 Β± 12.63 and 0.85 (1.92) episodes per month, respectively. 1-year TSR was achieved in 22 of 34 (64.7%) patients, nine (26.5%) patients were diagnosed as DRE, and three (8.82%) patients were as ERS. 1-year TSR was achieved in 18 of 34 (52.9%) patients by the first drug regimen and in additional four (11.8%) patients by the second drug regimen. Among 16 patients who failed to achieve 1-year TSR by the first drug monotherapy, three patients were ERS and did not undergo second drug trial. None of nine patients who failed to first two drug regimens did achieve 1-year TSR. Univariate analysis of multiple clinical variables disclosed that the location of CM in the temporal lobe was the only prognostic factor predicting a poor seizure outcome (p = 0.012). Conclusion: 1-year TSR was achieved in 64.7% of newly diagnosed patients with CRE in a long-term AEDs therapy. Failure to achieve seizure-freedom after adequate trials of two AEDs is strongly recommended as criteria for their referral to surgical treatment. However, for patients with temporal lobe CRE, a presurgical evaluation may be considered appropriate once they failed to an adequate trial of the first drug.ope

    The Effect of Communication Network on Youth Political Participation - Focused on the Participation in 'the Children and Youth Association of Seoul' based on Collective Decision Making Process

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬νšŒκ΅μœ‘κ³Ό, 2015. 2. λͺ¨κ²½ν™˜, HeeMin Kim.μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λŠ” 주둜 성인 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ„ κ±° ν˜Ήμ€ μ‹œμœ„(protest)에 ν•œμ •μ‹œμΌœ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 츑면이 κ°•ν–ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„ κ±°λŠ” 일정 μ—°λ Ή 이상이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³  μ‹œμœ„ ν˜Ήμ€ μ§‘νšŒλŠ” λ°˜μ •λΆ€μ β€€λ°˜μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ μ„±ν–₯이 κ°•ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ²­μ†Œλ…„ λŒ€μƒμ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λ‚˜ μ •μΉ˜κ΅μœ‘μ˜ λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μ› λ‹€. κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ 학문적 μ°¨μ›μ˜ 연ꡬ듀은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 뢄야에 걸쳐 이루어져 μ™”λ‹€. λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ ν˜„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΆ„μ„λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ„±μΈκΈ°μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ μ˜μ‚¬μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좘 μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν–‰λ™μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ°Έμ—¬, μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬ ν˜Ήμ€ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œ ν˜Όμš©λ˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§Žμ•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ˜ κ°œλ…μ •μ˜κ°€ 성인을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄λΌ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό 성인과 λ™μΌν•œ 기쀀을 μž£λŒ€λ‘œ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹€μ²œμ  ν•¨μ˜λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜κΈ°μ— 어렀움이 λ”°λ₯Έλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ μž¬μ •μ˜μ™€ 그에 λ”°λ₯Έ νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” 과정은 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ΄ 주체가 λ˜μ–΄ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ³΅κ³΅μ •μ±…μ΄λ‚˜ ν–‰μ •μ—…λ¬΄μ—μ„œ μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 ν–‰μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 집합적 μ‹€μ²œ ν–‰μœ„λ‘œ μ •μ˜ν•œλ‹€. 이와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ΄ 집합적인 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 연ꡬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 1. 집합적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λœ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ 개인 μš”μΈκ³Ό ꡬ쑰 μš”μΈμ€ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— μ–΄λ– ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”κ°€? 2. 집합적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ λ°œλ‹¬κ³Όμ •μ€ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— μ–΄λ– ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜€λŠ”κ°€? μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 연ꡬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 따라 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 100λͺ…μ˜ μ„œμšΈμ‹œ μ–΄λ¦°μ΄β€€μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ°Έμ—¬μœ„μ›νšŒ μ „μ²΄μœ„μ›μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λœ 뢄과별 μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 집단을 뢄석 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όμ•˜λ‹€. 연ꡬ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλŠ” 쑰직 ꡬ쑰 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ κΈ°μ œμ™€ 원리가 적용될 λ•Œ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ ν™œλ™μ„ ν–‰ν•˜λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ§‘μ€‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ™μΌν•œ 숫자의 μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 집단 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 쑰직 λ‚΄ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ„ μ§‘μ€‘μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ£¨μ—ˆλ‹€. 특히, ꡬ쑰 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망에 λ”°λ₯Έ 개인 및 ꡬ쑰 μš”μΈμ˜ 차이에 κ·Όκ±°ν•œ μœ ν˜•λ³„ νŠΉμ„±μ„ 연결망 뢄석을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ 쀑앙성과 μ§€μˆ˜ν™•λ₯ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λͺ¨ν˜•(ERGM)에 λ”°λ₯Έ νŠΉμ •κ΅¬μ‘° μœ ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ, ꡬ쑰 μš”μΈμ΄ 개인의 행동에 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ‹€μΈ΅ 뢄석을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— κ°œμΈμš”μΈκ³Ό κ΅¬μ‘°μš”μΈμ΄ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒμΈ μ„œμšΈμ‹œ μ–΄λ¦°μ΄β€€μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ°Έμ—¬μœ„μ›νšŒμ˜ 경우, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 배경의 μ²­μ†Œλ…„λ“€μ΄ ν™œλ™μ„ 맀개둜 처음 λ§Œλ‚˜μ„œ 진행을 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹€μ œ νšŒμ˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μœ„μ›λ“€μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망이 각 λΆ„κ³Όλ§ˆλ‹€ 연결망 μš”μΈλ³„ 차이가 λ°œμƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 같은 차별적 νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ§€λ‹Œ ꡬ쑰가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Όκ±°λ‘œλŠ” λΆ„κ³Ό λ‚΄μ—μ„œ ν–‰ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 정보전달 및 μ˜κ²¬μˆ˜λ ΄μ„ ν† λŒ€λ‘œ ν•œ ν† λ‘  과정에 μžˆμ–΄ 개인의 νŠΉμ„±λ„ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€λ§Œ 회의λ₯Ό μ£Όλ„ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„κ³Όμž₯κ³Ό λΆ€λΆ„κ³Όμž₯의 리더십과 μ†Œμ†λΆ„κ³Ό μœ„μ›λ“€κ³Όμ˜ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망에 λ”°λ₯Έ νŠΉμ„±μ΄ 연결망 ꡬ쑰에 λ§Žμ€ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ°Έμ—¬ν™œλ™ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 개인 μˆ˜μ€€κ³Ό ꡬ쑰 μˆ˜μ€€ μš”μΈ λͺ¨λ‘ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μž₯기적으둜 지속적인 ν™œλ™μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 집합적인 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ 경우, μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망 λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό 닀룬 μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬λ“€κ³ΌλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 큰 차별적인 νŠΉμ„±μœΌλ‘œ, μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망이 μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯λ ₯을 μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ²­μ†Œλ…„λ“€μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό ν™•μž₯ν•˜κ³  μ‹¬ν™”μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 의의λ₯Ό 가진닀. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ—μ„œ 쀑앙성(centrality) νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λšœλ ·ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 쀑앙성을 연결정도 쀑앙성, 인접 쀑앙성, 맀개 μ€‘μ•™μ„±μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό, λΆ„κ³Ό 쑰직에 λ”°λΌμ„œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄λ‚˜ ν˜•νƒœκ°€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 각 λΆ„κ³Όμ˜ ꡬ쑰적 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ κ°œμΈν–‰λ™μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬κ°€ 집합적인 쑰직 ν™œλ™ λ‚΄μ—μ„œμ˜ νƒ€μΈκ³Όμ˜ 관계에 영ν–₯을 λ°›λŠ” 것을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. λ„·μ§Έ, ꡬ쑰 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ§€μˆ˜ν™•λ₯ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λͺ¨ν˜•(ERGM)을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 연결망 ꡬ쑰 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ ν–‰μœ„μž κ°„μ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„±, 정보전달 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­μ„±, 쑰직 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 친ꡬ의 친ꡬ 간에 연결이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 견고성 ν˜Ήμ€ 이행성, 그리고 μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ ν–‰μœ„μžκ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 연결을 λ§Ίκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ™„μ „μ„±μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ‹€μ œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망이 ν˜•μ„±λ  ν™•λ₯ μ„ 톡해 쑰직별 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ μœ ν˜•μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 쑰직에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ ꡬ쑰가 μ–΄λ–€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 곡진화(co-evolution) λ˜λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 예츑이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. 끝으둜, 개인 μˆ˜μ€€μ„ ν†΅μ œν•˜κ³  ꡬ쑰 μˆ˜μ€€ 변인을 ν¬ν•¨ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ ꡬ쑰 μˆ˜μ€€ 변인이 μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯은 μœ μ˜λ―Έν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ§‘ν•©ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •κ³Όμ •μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ°Έμ—¬ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— μžˆμ–΄ 개인 λ‹¨μœ„λ₯Ό 기초둜 ν•˜λŠ” ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 쑰직 λ‹¨μœ„μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κ΅¬μ„±μ›κ°„μ˜ 연결망 μš”μΈμ„ λ™μ‹œμ— κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. κ·Έ 밖에 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μœΌλ‘œλŠ” λΆ„κ³Όμž₯의 리더십 ν˜•νƒœ, λΆ„κ³Ό λ‚΄ κ·œμΉ™ 및 보상과 처벌 κ·œμ •, ν•˜λΆ€ 쑰직을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μƒμœ„ 쑰직의 μž„μ›μ˜ μˆ˜μ™€ λΆ„κ³Ό μ‘°μ§μ›λ“€μ˜ μ—°λ ΉνŽΈμ°¨μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ λΆ„κ³Ό 쑰직 κ°„ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ”λΆˆμ–΄ λΆ„κ³Ό μ‘°μ§μ›κ°„μ˜ 신뒰도와 의견 μΌμΉ˜λ„ λ˜ν•œ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€λ‹€. 이와 같이 μ²­μ†Œλ…„λ“€μ΄ 자발적으둜 μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 개인의 행동 변화에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망 뢄석은 ꡐ윑 ν˜„μž₯에 μ‹€μ²œμ μΈ ν•¨μ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•΄ 쀄 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. 즉, 집합적인 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ μœ„ν•œ 쑰직 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ ν™œλ™ λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œ 개인 νŠΉμ„± 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ꡬ쑰 ν˜•νƒœμ— 관심을 κ°–λŠ” 것은 쑰직 ν™œλ™μ—μ„œμ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯을 κ°•ν™”ν•  뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 보닀 효과적인 μ •μΉ˜ ꡐ윑 λ°©μ•ˆμ— μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€.β… . μ„œ λ‘  1 1. 문제제기 1 2. μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 3 3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 의의 6 4. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ£Όμš”κ°œλ… 10 β…‘. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 15 1. μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ ν˜„ν™© 15 1) μ²­μ†Œλ…„ 참여와 μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ 16 2) μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ™€ μ •μΉ˜κ΅μœ‘ 28 3) μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ ν™œλ™μ˜ ν˜„ν™©κ³Ό νŠΉμ§• 35 2. μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ—μ„œμ˜ 집합적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • 46 1) 집합적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ˜ 의미 46 2) 집합적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ˜ νŠΉμ§• 49 3. μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ™€ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망 56 1) μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ 의미 57 2) μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ μ—­ν•  70 3) μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망 73 4. 선행연ꡬ κ°œκ΄€ 76 β…’. 연ꡬ 섀계 82 1. 연ꡬ 질문 82 2. 연ꡬ 변인 83 3. 연ꡬ 방법 85 β…£. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 109 1. μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈ 109 2. μ‹œκ°„ 흐름에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ 쀑앙성 뢄석 114 1) 2μ°¨ 회의 μ‹œ 뢄과별 평균 쀑앙성 115 2) 16μ°¨ 회의 μ‹œ 뢄과별 평균 쀑앙성 128 3) 2μ°¨ 및 16μ°¨ 회의 μ‹œ λ°œμƒν•œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 연결망 비ꡐ 141 3. μ§€μˆ˜ν™•λ₯ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λͺ¨ν˜•(ERGM)을 ν™œμš©ν•œ 쑰직 μœ ν˜•μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ ꡬ쑰 뢄석 152 1) AλΆ„κ³Όμ˜ ꡬ쑰 μœ ν˜• νŠΉμ„± 153 2) BλΆ„κ³Όμ˜ ꡬ쑰 μœ ν˜• νŠΉμ„± 154 3) CλΆ„κ³Όμ˜ ꡬ쑰 μœ ν˜• νŠΉμ„± 155 4) DλΆ„κ³Όμ˜ ꡬ쑰 μœ ν˜• νŠΉμ„± 156 5) EλΆ„κ³Όμ˜ ꡬ쑰 μœ ν˜• νŠΉμ„± 156 4. 개인 및 ꡬ쑰 μš”μΈμ΄ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 158 1) κΈ°λ³Έ λͺ¨ν˜• 뢄석 160 2) 개인 및 ꡬ쑰 μš”μΈμ΄ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 뢄석 162 β…€. κ²° λ‘  169 μ°Έ κ³  λ¬Έ ν—Œ 181 λΆ€ 둝 189 Abstract 209Docto

    The Effect of Temperament on Neurocognitive Function in the Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ‡ŒμΈμ§€κ³Όν•™κ³Ό(λ‡ŒμΈμ§€κ³Όν•™μ „κ³΅):, 2012. 8. κΆŒμ€€μˆ˜.Background: Converging evidence revealed impaired cognitive function and distinct temperament pattern in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the relation between cognitive deficit and temperament in OCD. This study was aimed to investigate how temperament influences cognitive dysfunction in OCD. Methods: The participants included 103 patients with OCD and 63 healthy controls. Cognitive functions were measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT), letter fluency, category fluency, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Temperament was assessed by Cloningers Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: OCD patients showed poor performance in neuropsychological tests related to psychomotor speed, verbal fluency and set-shifting abilities compared to the healthy controls. Regarding temperaments, the OCD patients showed significantly lower novelty seeking and reward dependence and higher harm avoidance than the healthy controls. Temperament pattern affected impaired neurocognitive functions after controlling symptom severity in the OCD patients. And reward dependence partially mediated group differences between patients and controls in psychomotor speed and verbal fluency performances. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment was influenced by temperament in the OCD patients regardless of their symptom severity. The present findings suggest that deficits of cognitive functions may be partially explained by temperamental traits of OCD patients.Abstract β…° Contents β…³ List of tables and List of figures β…΄ Introduction 1 Methods 7 Results 12 Discussion 15 References 21 Tables 32 Figures 35 ꡭ문초둝 36Maste

    Perceptions of Anticoagulation Therapy and Medication Adherence among Patients taking Warfarin

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    Purpose: This study was conducted to measure medication adherence and perceptions of anticoagulation therapy and its relationship to patients taking warfarin. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 150 patients taking warfarin who had visited an outpatient clinic of a cardiovascular center in Seoul were included as research subjects. Medication adherence was measured using a visual analogue rating scale (VAS). Barriers and attitudes toward adherence, and oral anticoagulation knowledge, were measured using a structured questionnaire. Participants’ medical records also were reviewed to identify clinical characteristics. Results: About one third of the participants (30.7%) reported medication adherence as 100%. The major barriers to adherence were identified as β€œForgetting the time of medication” and β€œNot carrying their medication’’. Overall attitudes toward medication adherence were high, but oral anticoagulation therapy knowledge was low. To determine the relationship of medication adherence and perceptions of anticoagulation therapy, participants were stratified into three groups, based on their medication adherence levels (high adherence, moderate adherence, low adherence). Participants in the high adherent group more likely to be older (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.005-1.071) and to have positive attitudes toward medication adherence (OR: 1.12, 95% CI:1.013-1.229) compared to the other two groups. Conclusion: The results show that age and attitude exerts significant influence on medication adherence in patients taking warfarin.ope

    A Strategic Plan of Urban Farming‧Garden Expo for the Vacant land in Janghang, Seochun-gun, Chungcheongnam-do

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν™˜κ²½λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν™˜κ²½μ‘°κ²½ν•™κ³Ό, 2013. 8. 성쒅상.μœ νœ΄μ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ μ „λž΅κ³„νš -좩청남도 μ„œμ²œκ΅° μž₯항읍을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ- 좩청남도 μ„œμ²œκ΅° μž₯항은 1930λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„° 1980λ…„λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜κΉŒμ§€ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 경제 λ°œμ „μ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œ μ£Όμš” λ„μ‹œμ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, μ‹œλŒ€μ  변화에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ‚°μ—…κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ κ²½μ œΒ·μ‚¬νšŒΒ·ν™˜κ²½Β·λ¬Έν™” λ“± λ„μ‹œμ „λ°˜μ˜ 쇠퇴가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ λ„μ‹œμ΄λ‹€. 이 λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œλŒ€μ  λ³€ν™” μ†μ—μ„œ μž₯ν•­μ˜ μ§€μ—­μž¬ν™œμ„±ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μœ νœ΄μ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ κ°œλ…μ„ λ„μž…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ μ‹œμ΄ˆλŠ” 쀑앙 및 μ§€λ°©μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ ν™˜κ²½λ¬Έν™”μ‚¬μ—…μœΌλ‘œ μΆœλ°œν–ˆ λ‹€κ³  λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 졜근 독일을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μœ λŸ½κ΅­κ°€ λ“±μ—μ„œ 개졜된 μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒλŠ” κ·Έ 성격이 μΌνšŒμ„±μ˜ 문화행사에 κ·ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, κ³„νš 초 κΈ° 단계뢀터 ν™˜κ²½Β·κ²½μ œΒ·λ¬Έν™” 등을 κ³ λ €ν•œ λ„μ‹œκ°œλ°œ(μž¬μƒ)의 ν•œ μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ 써 κ·Έ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ 재쑰λͺ… λ°›κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μž₯ν•­μ˜ μ§€μ—­μž¬μƒμ˜ λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ„μ‹œ λ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒλ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€. λ¨Όμ € λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒλŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ μΌνšŒμ„±κ³Ό μ§€μ—­κ³Όμ˜ μ—° 계 λΆ€μ‘±μ΄λΌλŠ” ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•œ λ°œμ „μ μΈ λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν˜„μž¬ μž₯ν•­μ˜ μœ νœ΄μ§€μ—μ„œ 주민듀에 μ˜ν•΄ λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ„μ‹œν…ƒλ°­μ„ μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ™€ κ²°ν•©ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 정원 λ¬Έν™” μ΄λ²€νŠΈμ΄λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ 개졜λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μž¬ν™œμ„±ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ ν•΄ 지역적 ν˜„ν™©, μ—­μ‚¬μžμ›, μƒν™œλ¬Έν™” μžμ›μ˜ 발꡴과 ν™œμš©μ— 쀑점을 λ‘μ—ˆμœΌ λ©°, λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫째, ν˜„μž¬ μž₯ν•­μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒλœ μœ νœ΄μ§€ 쀑 행사μž₯으둜 ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μœ νœ΄μ§€ 의 λΆ„λ₯˜μ™€ κ³„νšμ€ μž₯ν•­μ˜ 물리적 μƒν™œν™˜κ²½μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³ , μ§€μ—­μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν–₯상 μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ£Όμš”ν•œ 곡간적 μžμ›μ΄λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μž₯ν•­ μ‹œκ°€μ§€ 곳곳에 μ‚°μž¬ν•œ κ·ΌλŒ€μ‚°μ—… λ„μ‹œμ˜ 역사적 μžμ›μΈ ꡬ μž₯항역사 및 뢀지, μž₯ν•­ν•­, μ°½κ³ , κ·ΌλŒ€κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Ό 등이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  κ΄€λ¦¬ν•΄λ‚˜κ°€μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μžμ›μΈ λ™μ‹œμ— μž₯ν•­λ§Œμ˜ μ°¨λ³„ν™”λœ μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μž₯ν•­ 주민의 ν™˜κ²½ 적 여건과 μƒν™œμ„ 기반으둜 ν˜•μ„±λœ ν…ƒλ°­, μ €μΈ΅μ£Όκ±°μ§€μ˜ 골λͺ©κΈΈ 경관은 지역 의 λ…νŠΉν•œ μƒν™œμƒμ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λŠ” μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— μ‹œ 민참여에 μ˜ν•œ λ„μ‹œμ •μ›λ¬Έν™” 및 κ³΅κ³΅ν™˜κ²½μ„ λŠ₯λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜κ³  κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λΈλ‘œ λ°œμ „ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ›μ΄λ‹€. μœ„μ™€ 같은 μž₯ν•­μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ§€ μžμ›λΆ„μ„ 및 κ°€λŠ₯성을 톡해 μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β· μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ λΉ„μ „, λͺ©ν‘œ, μ „λž΅μ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž₯ν•­μ˜ μœ νœ΄μ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œ λ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒλ₯Ό 톡해 λ…Ήμƒ‰λ¬Έν™”μ˜ λ„μ‹œμ˜ 비전을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, ν˜„μž¬ μž₯ν•­μ—μ„œ μ§€μ—­μž¬ν™œμ„±ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 사업듀이 ν˜„ 재 κ°œλ³„λ‹¨μœ„ 사업에 머물러 μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒ νšŒλΌλŠ” κ³΅ν†΅λœ λΉ„μ „κ³Ό λͺ©ν‘œ μ œμ‹œλ‘œ 각 κ°œλ³„μ‚¬μ—… λŒ€μƒμ§€λ“€μ„ λ°•λžŒνšŒ 행사 쀑 μ‹œμ„€ 및 ν–‰μ‚¬κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 톡합적 κ³„νšμ„ μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ·ΌλŒ€λ„ μ‹œμΈ μž₯항이 가진 μžμ›μ˜ 발꡴ 및 ν™œμš©μ„ 톡해 각 μžμ›μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ°œνœ˜ν•œλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ§€μ—­μ£Όλ―Όμ˜ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό 톡해 지속가λŠ₯성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κ³  점진적인 μ§€μ—­μž¬ν™œμ„± ν™”λ₯Ό 도λͺ¨ν•œλ‹€. 이와 같은 λΉ„μ „κ³Ό λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 톡해 λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μ „λž΅κ³„ νšμ„ λŒ€μƒμ§€, ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨, 주체별, μ‹œκ°„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ κ³„νšμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ 행사 개졜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ „λž΅μ  κ³„νšμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 같은 μ „λž΅κ³„νšμ„ 톡해 μœ νœ΄μ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš© ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 아이디어에 λŒ€ν•œ 검토와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ λ―Έλž˜λ³€ 화에 μœ μ—°ν•œ κ³„νšμ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ³„νšμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  자 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.1μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 1절. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 1 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ  2 2절. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ²”μœ„ 3 1. λ‚΄μš©μ  λ²”μœ„ 3 2. 곡간적 λ²”μœ„ 3 3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법 및 흐름 4 제 2μž₯ 이둠적 κ³ μ°° 7 1절. μœ νœ΄κ³΅κ°„μ˜ λ°œμƒκ³Ό ν™œμš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해 7 1. μœ νœ΄κ³΅κ°„μ˜ κ°œλ… 7 2. μœ νœ΄μ§€ ν™œμš©μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„± 8 2절. ν˜„λŒ€λ„μ‹œμž¬μƒμ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ΄‰λ§€μ œλ‘œμ„œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…κ³Ό μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ10 1. ν˜„λŒ€λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해 10 2. ν˜„λŒ€ μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ 이해 및 좔ꡬ해야할 λ°©ν–₯ 15 3절, μœ νœ΄κ³΅κ°„μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ μ μš©μ„ μœ„ν•œ κ°œλ… 정립 21 1. λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ κ°œλ… 21 2. λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ κ³„νšμ˜ ν‹€ 정립 22 제 3μž₯ μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ 개졜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 쑰건해석 26 1절. λŒ€μƒμ§€ κ°œμš” 26 1. μž₯ν•­μ˜ 역사 26 2. μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μ„ 27 3. 인문 μ‚¬νšŒν™˜κ²½λΆ„μ„ 28 2절. κ³„νšμ—¬κ±΄λΆ„μ„ 30 1. κ΄‘μ—­ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μ„ 30 2. κ΄€λ ¨κ³„νš 31 3. μžμ› 33 3절. μœ νœ΄μ§€ ν˜„ν™© 38 1. μ‹œκ°€μ§€μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ μœ νœ΄μ§€ 38 2. λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μœ νœ΄μ§€ 40 4절. λŒ€μƒμ§€ 쒅합뢄석 및 과제 44 제 4μž₯ μž₯ν•­ μœ νœ΄μ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ μ „λž΅κ΅¬μƒ 50 1절. μž₯ν•­μ˜ μœ νœ΄κ³΅κ°„μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ κ°œλ… 52 1. λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ μ—­ν•  및 κΈ°λŠ₯ 52 2. λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ κ°œλ… 53 2절. μž₯ν•­μ˜ μœ νœ΄μ§€ ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ λΉ„μ „ 및 λͺ©ν‘œ 55 1. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ λΉ„μ „ 55 2. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ λͺ©ν‘œ 55 3절. μž₯ν•­ μœ νœ΄μ§€ ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ μ „λž΅ ꡬ상 59 1. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ 개졜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λŒ€μƒμ§€ μ„ μ • 60 2. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ ꡬ상 64 3. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ 주체별 μ°Έμ—¬ μ „λž΅κ΅¬μƒ 66 4. λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ  μ „λž΅ ꡬ상 69 제 5μž₯ μž₯ν•­ μœ νœ΄μ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ μ „λž΅κ³„νš 74 1절. λŒ€μƒμ§€λ³„ κ³„νš 75 1. μ£Όμš” κ±°μ μ‹œμ„€ 및 곡간별 ν™œμš©κ³„νš 75 2. κ·ΌλŒ€κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Ό ν™œμš©κ³„νš 80 3. μœ νœ΄μ§€ ν™œμš©κ³„νš 81 4. κ°œμΈμ†Œμœ  ν…ƒλ°­ ν™œμš©κ³„νš 82 2절. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ κ³„νš 83 1. λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ› μ „μ‹œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 83 2. μƒνƒœν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 86 3. λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ  ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 87 3절. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ 주체별 μ°Έμ—¬κ³„νš 90 1. μ†Œμœ μ£Όμ²΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 곡간 ν™œμš© 90 2. 주체별 ν™œλ™ μ°Έμ—¬ 91 4절. μ‹œκ°„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ 좔진 μ „λž΅ 93 1. μ‹œμ„€ 및 κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 쑴치 93 2. 단기적 λ³€ν™” 94 3. μž₯기적 λ³€ν™” 95 5절. μž₯ν•­ λ„μ‹œλ†μ—…Β·μ •μ›λ°•λžŒνšŒ κ³„νšμ•ˆ 98 제 6μž₯ κ²°λ‘  106 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 108 Abstract 113Maste

    Boundary behavior of harmonic functions for subordinate Brownian motion

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μˆ˜λ¦¬κ³Όν•™λΆ€, 2013. 2. κΉ€νŒκΈ°.In this thesis, we establish an oscillation estimate of nonnegative harmonic functions for a pure-jump subordinate Brownian motion. The infinitesimal generator of such subordinate Brownian motion XX is an integro-differential operator. As an application, we give a probabilistic proof of the following form of relative Fatou theorem for such subordinate Brownian motion XX in a bounded ΞΊ\kappa-fat open setif uu is a positive harmonic function with respect to XX in a bounded ΞΊ\kappa-fat open set DD and hh is a positive harmonic function in DD vanishing on DcD^c, then the non-tangential limit of u/hu/h exists almost everywhere with respect to the Martin-representing measure of hh. Under the gaugeability assumption, relative Fatou theorem is true for operators obtained from the generator of pure-jump subordinate Brownian motion in bounded ΞΊ\kappa-fat open set DD through non-local Feynman-Kac transforms.1. Introduction 2. Preliminaries 2.1. Subordinate Brownian motion 2.2. Our hypothesis (A1) and its basic consequences 3. Oscillation of harmonic functions 3.1. Estimates on Levy density 3.2. Oscillation 4. Relative Fatou theorem 4.1. Hypothesis (A2) and its consequences 4.2. Martin kernel 4.3. Proof of the relative Fatou theorem 5. Relative Fatou theorem under non-local Feynman-Kac transforms 5.1. Non-local Feynman-Kac transforms 5.2. Stability of the relative Fatou theoremDocto

    Precise Muscle Selection Using Dynamic Polyelectromyography for Treatment of Post-stroke Dystonia: A Case Report

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    Dystonia has a wide range of causes, but treatment of dystonia is limited to minimizing the symptoms as there is yet no successful treatment for its cause. One of the optimal treatment methods for dystonia is chemodenervation using botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), alcohol injection, etc., but its success depends on how precisely the dystonic muscle is selected. Here, we reported a successful experience in a 49-year-old post-stroke female patient who showed paroxysmal repetitive contractions involving the right leg, which may be of dystonic nature. BTX-A and alcohol were injected into the muscles which were identified by dynamic polyelectromyography. After injection, the dystonic muscle spasm, cramping pain, and the range of motion of the affected lower limb improved markedly, and she was able to walk independently indoors. In such a case, dynamic polyelectromyography may be a useful method for selecting the dominant dystonic muscles.ope

    The cholinergic contribution to the resting-state functional network in non-demented Parkinson's disease

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    The cholinergic system arising from the basal forebrain plays an important role in cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we analyzed cholinergic status-dependent cortical and subcortical resting-state functional connectivity in PD. A total of 61 drug-naive PD patients were divided into tertiles based on normalized substantia innominata (SI) volumes. We compared the resting-state network from seed region of interest in the caudate, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and SI between the lowest (PD-L) and highest tertile (PD-H) groups. Correlation analysis of the functional networks was also performed in all subjects. The functional network analysis showed that PD-L subjects displayed decreased striato-cortical functional connectivity compared with PD-H subjects. Selecting the PCC as a seed, the PD-L patients displayed decreased functional connectivity compared to PD-H patients. Meanwhile, PD-L subjects had significantly increased cortical functional connectivity with the SI compared with PD-H subjects. Correlation analysis revealed that SI volume had a positive correlation with functional connectivity from the right caudate and PCC. The present study demonstrated that PD patients exhibited unique functional connectivity from the caudate and the PCC that may be closely associated with cholinergic status, suggesting an important role for the cholinergic system in PD-associated cognition.ope

    Familiar Hyperekplexia, a Potential Cause of Cautious Gait: A New Korean Case and a Systematic Review of Phenotypes

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    Familial hyperekplexia, also called startle disease, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive startle responses to noise or touch. It can be associated with serious injury from frequent falls, apnea spells, and aspiration pneumonia. Familial hyperekplexia has a heterogeneous genetic background with several identified causative genes; it demonstrates both dominant and recessive inheritance in the Ξ±1 subunit of the glycine receptor (GLRA1), the Ξ² subunit of the glycine receptor and the presynaptic sodium and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 genes. Clonazepam is an effective medical treatment for hyperekplexia. Here, we report genetically confirmed familial hyperekplexia patients presenting early adult cautious gait. Additionally, we review clinical features, mode of inheritance, ethnicity and the types and locations of mutations of previously reported hyperekplexia cases with a GLRA1 gene mutation.ope

    Factors Affecting Medication Adherence in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore socio-demographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with medication adherence among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 133 patients with CHF who had visited a clinic located in Seoul participated. Medication adherence (MA) was measured using a single item visual analogue rating scale (VAS). Barriers and attitudes toward adherence, and depression were measured using a structured questionnaire. Medical records were reviewed to identify their clinical characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was performed identify factors affecting medication adherence. Results: About one third of participants (31.1%) reported their MA as 100%. Overall attitudes on MA were highly positive and 49 (36.8%) of participants were depressive. MA was associated with significantly barriers (p<.001), attitudes (p<.001), age (p<.001), and duration of disease (p<.001). The high adherent group had significantly less barriers than other groups (OR=.389, p=0.02). Conclusion: This study indicates that barriers and attitudes toward MA were the most important factors affecting their adherence to HF medication. To improve MA for patient with CHF, the nursing strategies which can lead poor adherent patients to their optimal level should be developed.ope
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